|
1
|
Amerio E, Blasi G, Valles C, Blanc V, Àlvarez G, Arredondo A, Nart J, Monje A. Impact of smoking on peri-implant bleeding on probing. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2022; 24:151-165. [PMID: 35313069 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies around natural dentition demonstrated that smoking can reduce the tendency of inflamed tissue to bleed upon probing after controlling for possible confounders. In addition, previous research suggested that smokers may present alterations of the peri-implant microbiome. AIM This study aimed at investigating the impact of smoking on: (1) peri-implant bleeding on probing (BOP; primary objective); (2) the association between BOP/bone loss and BOP/visible gingival inflammation; (3) peri-implant microbiome. METHODS Partially edentulous patients with implants restored with a single crowns were included in this study. Subjects were either smokers (≥1 cigarettes per day) or nonsmokers (never smokers). The primary outcome of this cross-sectional study was BOP and secondary outcomes included: Probing pocket depth (PPD), Modified gingival Index (mGI) and Progressive Marginal Bone Loss. In addition, microbial profiles of the subjects were assessed through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Univariate and multilevel multivariate analyses by means of Generalized Estimating Equations were conducted to analyze the association between smoking and peri-implant BOP. RESULTS Overall, 27 nonsmokers and 27 smokers were included and 96.3% and 77.78% of patients presented peri-implant BOP in the nonsmoker and smoker group, respectively (p = 0.046). Smoking was inversely associated with BOP in the multivariate multilevel analysis (OR = 0.356; 95% CI: 0.193-0.660; p = 0.001) whereas a positive correlation was demonstrated for mGI > 0 (OR = 3.289; 95% CI: 2.014-5.371; p < 0.001); PPD (OR = 1.692; 95% CI: 0.263-0.883; p = 0.039) and gender (OR = 2.323; 95% CI: 1.310-4.120 p = 0.004). A decrease of BOP sensitivity in detecting visible gingival inflammation (mGI > 0) was observed in smokers. Besides, taxonomic and changes in diversity regarding the peri-implant microbiota were detected comparing the two groups. Significantly higher richness of the microbiota was demonstrated in the smoker group when implants affected by peri-implantitis were compared to either healthy implants or implants presenting mucositis. CONCLUSIONS Smoking is a potential modifier of BOP and peri-implant microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Amerio
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blasi
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valles
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gerard Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jose Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Monje
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Bordea IR, Xhajanka E, Romeo DM, Romeo M, Zappone CMF, Malcangi G, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Isacco CG, Marinelli G, Contaldo M, Ballini A, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. The Effectiveness of Osseodensification Drilling Protocol for Implant Site Osteotomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051147. [PMID: 33671038 PMCID: PMC7957527 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many different osteotomy procedures has been proposed in the literature for dental implant site preparation. The osseodensification is a drilling technique that has been proposed to improve the local bone quality and implant stability in poor density alveolar ridges. This technique determines an expansion of the implant site by increasing the density of the adjacent bone. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of the osseodensification technique for implant site preparation through a literature review and meta-analysis. The database electronic research was performed on PubMed (Medline) database for the screening of the scientific papers. A total of 16 articles have been identified suitable for the review and qualitative analysis—11 clinical studies (eight on animals, three on human subjects), four literature reviews, and one case report. The meta-analysis was performed to compare the bone-to-implant contact % (BIC), bone area fraction occupied % (BAFO), and insertion torque of clockwise and counter-clockwise osseodensification procedure in animal studies. The included articles reported a significant increase in the insertion torque of the implants positioned through the osseodensification protocol compared to the conventional drilling technique. Advantages of this new technique are important above all when the patient has a strong missing and/or low quantity of bone tissue. The data collected until the drafting of this paper detect an improvement when the osseodensification has been adopted if compared to the conventional technique. A significant difference in BIC and insertion torque between the clockwise and counter-clockwise osseodensification procedure was reported, with no difference in BAFO measurements between the two approaches. The effectiveness of the present study demonstrated that the osseodensification drilling protocol is a useful technique to obtain increased implant insertion torque and bone to implant contact (BIC) in vivo. Further randomized clinical studies are required to confirm these pieces of evidence in human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.R.B.); (F.L.); Tel.:+4-07-4491-9319 (I.R.B.); +39-087-1455-4100 (F.L.)
| | - Edit Xhajanka
- Department of Dental Prosthesis, University of Tirana, Nr 183 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Donato Mario Romeo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
- Freelancer Studio Dentistico Drs. Romeo, 75025 Policoro, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
- Freelancer Studio Dentistico Drs. Romeo, 75025 Policoro, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Felice Zappone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
- Freelancer Studio Dentistico Drs. Romeo, 75025 Policoro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (I.R.B.); (F.L.); Tel.:+4-07-4491-9319 (I.R.B.); +39-087-1455-4100 (F.L.)
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
- Human Stem Cells Research Center HSC of Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
- Embryology and Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An, Hoi An 70000, Vietnam
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello” University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (D.M.R.); (M.R.); (C.M.F.Z.); (G.M.); (C.G.I.); (G.M.); (F.I.); (G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|