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Zhang L, Li Y, Dong L, Sun K, Liu H, Ma Z, Yan L, Yin Y. MAP Kinase FgHog1 and Importin β FgNmd5 Regulate Calcium Homeostasis in Fusarium graminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:707. [PMID: 37504696 PMCID: PMC10381525 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining cellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for many aspects of cellular life. The high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway responsible for signal integration and transduction plays crucial roles in environmental adaptation, especially in the response to osmotic stress. Hog1 is activated by transient Ca2+ increase in yeast, but the functions of the HOG pathway in Ca2+ homeostasis are largely unknown. We found that the HOG pathway was involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in Fusarium graminearum, a devastating fungal pathogen of cereal crops. The deletion mutants of HOG pathway displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+ and FK506, and elevated intracellular Ca2+ content. Ca2+ treatment induced the phosphorylation of FgHog1, and the phosphorylated FgHog1 was transported into the nucleus by importin β FgNmd5. Moreover, the increased phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of FgHog1 upon Ca2+ treatment is independent of the calcineurin pathway that is conserved and downstream of the Ca2+ signal. Taken together, this study reported the novel function of FgHog1 in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in F. graminearum, which advance the understanding of the HOG pathway and the association between the HOG and calcineurin pathways in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lanlan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Leiyan Yan
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yanni Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Liu X, Jia M, Wang J, Cheng H, Cai Z, Yu Z, Liu Y, Ma LZ, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yang L. Cell division factor ZapE regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by impacting the pqs quorum sensing system. MLIFE 2023; 2:28-42. [PMID: 38818333 PMCID: PMC10989928 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading nosocomial pathogens that causes both severe acute and chronic infections. The strong capacity of P. aeruginosa to form biofilms can dramatically increase its antibiotic resistance and lead to treatment failure. The biofilm resident bacterial cells display distinct gene expression profiles and phenotypes compared to their free-living counterparts. Elucidating the genetic determinants of biofilm formation is crucial for the development of antibiofilm drugs. In this study, a high-throughput transposon-insertion site sequencing (Tn-seq) approach was employed to identify novel P. aeruginosa biofilm genetic determinants. When analyzing the novel biofilm regulatory genes, we found that the cell division factor ZapE (PA4438) controls the P. aeruginosa pqs quorum sensing system. The ∆zapE mutant lost fitness against the wild-type PAO1 strain in biofilms and its production of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS) had been reduced. Further biochemical analysis showed that ZapE interacts with PqsH, which encodes the synthase that converts 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ) to PQS. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis of the ATPase active site of ZapE (K72A) abolished the positive regulation of ZapE on PQS signaling. As ZapE is highly conserved among the Pseudomonas group, our study suggests that it is a potential drug target for the control of Pseudomonas infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CenterSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Minlu Jia
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Hang Cheng
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Zhao Cai
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Zhaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Research CenterSouthern University of Science and Technology HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Luyan Z. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research CenterSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Liang Yang
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Cui X, Hu J, Kang X, Liu Y, Pan Y. MoNap1, a Nucleosome Assemble Protein 1, Regulates Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010050. [PMID: 36675871 PMCID: PMC9862126 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nap1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein from yeast to human and is involved in diverse physiological processes, such as nucleosome assembly, histone shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm, transcriptional regulation, and the cell cycle regulation. In this paper, we identified nucleosome assemble protein MoNap1 in Magnaporthe oryzae and investigated its function in pathogenicity. Deletion of MoNAP1 resulted in reduced growth and conidiation, decreased appressorium formation rate, and impaired virulence. MoNap1 affects appressorium turgor and utilization of glycogen and lipid droplets. In addition, MoNap1 is involved in the regulation of cell wall, oxidation, and hyperosmotic stress. The subcellular localization experiments showed that MoNap1 is located in the cytoplasm. MoNap1 interacts with MoNbp2, MoClb3, and MoClb1 in M. oryzae. Moreover, deletion of MoNBP2 and MoCLB3 has no effects on vegetative growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity. Transcriptome analysis reveals that MoNAP1 is involved in regulating pathogenicity, the melanin biosynthetic process. Taken together, our results showed that MoNap1 plays a crucial role in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinyue Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinmei Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoru Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuemin Pan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Y.P.)
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Pontes JGDM, Fernandes LS, Dos Santos RV, Tasic L, Fill TP. Virulence Factors in the Phytopathogen-Host Interactions: An Overview. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7555-7570. [PMID: 32559375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens are responsible for great losses in agriculture, once they are able to subvert or elude the host defense mechanisms through virulence factors secretion for their dissemination. Herein, it is reviewed phytotoxins that act as virulence factors and are produced by bacterial phytopathogens (Candidatus Liberibacter spp., Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pvs and Xanthomonas spp.) and fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cochliobolus spp., Fusarium spp., Magnaporthe spp., and Penicillium spp.), which were selected in accordance to their worldwide importance due to the biochemical and economical aspects. In the current review, it is sought to understand the role of virulence factors in the pathogen-host interactions that result in plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Soler Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Quı́mica Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Biológica (LQB), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Pacheco Fill
- Laboratório de Biologia Quı́mica Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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