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Badawi S, Mohamed FE, Varghese DS, Ali BR. Genetic disruption of mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation: Human phenotypes and animal and cellular disease models. Traffic 2023. [PMID: 37188482 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) is a stringent quality control mechanism through which misfolded, unassembled and some native proteins are targeted for degradation to maintain appropriate cellular and organelle homeostasis. Several in vitro and in vivo ERAD-related studies have provided mechanistic insights into ERAD pathway activation and its consequent events; however, a majority of these have investigated the effect of ERAD substrates and their consequent diseases affecting the degradation process. In this review, we present all reported human single-gene disorders caused by genetic variation in genes that encode ERAD components rather than their substrates. Additionally, after extensive literature survey, we present various genetically manipulated higher cellular and mammalian animal models that lack specific components involved in various stages of the ERAD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feda E Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Gan L, Liu D, Xie D, Bond Lau W, Liu J, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Liu L, Hu H, Yao P, He Y, Gao E, Koch WJ, Zhao J, Ma XL, Cao Y, Wang Y. Ischemic Heart-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Impair Adipocyte Function. Circ Res 2022; 130:48-66. [PMID: 34763521 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute myocardial infarction suffer systemic metabolic dysfunction via incompletely understood mechanisms. Adipocytes play critical role in metabolic homeostasis. The impact of acute myocardial infarction upon adipocyte function is unclear. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) critically contribute to organ-organ communication. Whether and how small extracellular vesicle mediate post-MI cardiomyocyte/adipocyte communication remain unknown. METHODS Plasma sEVs were isolated from sham control (Pla-sEVSham) or 3 hours after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (Pla-sEVMI/R) and incubated with adipocytes for 24 hours. Compared with Pla-sEVSham, Pla-sEVMI/R significantly altered expression of genes known to be important in adipocyte function, including a well-known metabolic regulatory/cardioprotective adipokine, APN (adiponectin). Pla-sEVMI/R activated 2 (PERK-CHOP and ATF6 [transcription factor 6]-EDEM [ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 1] pathways) of the 3 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in adipocytes. These pathological alterations were also observed in adipocytes treated with sEVs isolated from adult cardiomyocytes subjected to in vivo myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) (Myo-sEVMI/R). Bioinformatic/RT-qPCR analysis demonstrates that the members of miR-23-27-24 cluster are significantly increased in Pla-sEVMI/R, Myo-sEVMI/R, and adipose tissue of MI/R animals. Administration of cardiomyocyte-specific miR-23-27-24 sponges abolished adipocyte miR-23-27-24 elevation in MI/R animals, supporting the cardiomyocyte origin of adipocyte miR-23-27-24 cluster. In similar fashion to Myo-sEVMI/R, a miR-27a mimic activated PERK-CHOP and ATF6-EDEM-mediated ER stress. Conversely, a miR-27a inhibitor significantly attenuated Myo-sEVMI/R-induced ER stress and restored APN production. RESULTS An unbiased approach identified EDEM3 (ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 3) as a novel downstream target of miR-27a. Adipocyte EDEM3 deficiency phenocopied multiple pathological alterations caused by Myo-sEVMI/R, whereas EDEM3 overexpression attenuated Myo-sEVMI/R-resulted ER stress. Finally, administration of GW4869 or cardiomyocyte-specific miR-23-27-24 cluster sponges attenuated adipocyte ER stress, improved adipocyte endocrine function, and restored plasma APN levels in MI/R animals. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that MI/R causes significant adipocyte ER stress and endocrine dysfunction by releasing miR-23-27-24 cluster-enriched small extracellular vesicle. Targeting small extracellular vesicle-mediated cardiomyocyte-adipocyte pathological communication may be of therapeutic potential to prevent metabolic dysfunction after MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (D.L.)
| | - Dina Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Bernard Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Lian Liu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Yarong He
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Yu Cao
- Disaster Medical Center (Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
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Zhao G, Zhang HM, Qiu Y, Ye X, Yang D. Cleavage of Desmosomal Cadherins Promotes γ-Catenin Degradation and Benefits Wnt Signaling in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Destruction of Cardiomyocytes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:767. [PMID: 32457708 PMCID: PMC7225294 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary etiologic agent of viral myocarditis, a major heart disease that occurs predominantly in children and young adolescents. In the heart, intercalated disks (ICD) are important structural formations that connect adjacent cardiomyocytes to maintain cardiac architecture and mediate signal communication. Deficiency in ICD components, such as desmosome proteins, leads to heart dysfunction. γ-catenin, a component protein of desmosomes, normally binds directly to desmocollin-2 and desmoglein-2. In this study, we found that CVB3 infection downregulated γ-catenin at the protein level but not the mRNA level in mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes. We further found that this reduction of γ-catenin protein is a result of ubiquitin proteasome-mediated degradation, since the addition of proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibited γ-catenin downregulation. In addition, we found that desmocollin-2 and desmoglein-2 were cleaved by both viral protease 3C and virus-activated cellular caspase, respectively. These cleavages led to the release of bound γ-catenin from the desmosome into the cytosol, resulting in rapid degradation of γ-catenin. Since γ-catenin shares high sequence homology with β-catenin in binding the TCF/LEF transcription factor, we further studied the effect of γ-catenin degradation on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Luciferase assay showed that γ-catenin expression inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This finding was substantiated by qPCR to show that overexpression of γ-catenin downregulated transcription of Wnt signal target genes, c-myc and MMP9, while silencing γ-catenin upregulated these target genes. Finally, we demonstrated that γ-catenin expression inhibited CVB3 replication. In search for the underlying mechanism, we found that silencing γ-catenin caused down-regulation of interferon-β and its stimulated antiviral genes MDA5, MAVS, and ISG15. Taken together, our results indicate, for the first time, that CVB3 infection causes cardiomyocyte death through, at least in part, direct damage to the desmosome structure and reduction of γ-catenin protein, which in return promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and downregulates interferon-β stimulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangze Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Huifang M Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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