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Shirahata S, Katayama Y, Kaneki M, Uchiyama J, Fukuyama T. The Effect of Subacute Oral Folic Acid Treatment on Growth of Porphyromonas gulae in Dogs. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:281-287. [PMID: 37499183 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231189650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans and animals. It is a multifactorial disease resulting in attachment loss and tooth loss. Therefore, preventive dentistry, such as daily teeth cleaning or providing dental chews from puppyhood is essential. This study aimed to find an alternative option for preventive dentistry by examining both in vitro and clinically, the antibacterial, antihalitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of folic acid (FA) in dogs with periodontal disease. The antibacterial and antihalitosis responses of FA were evaluated in vitro using Porphyromonas gulae, a bacterium that plays a significant role in the development of periodontal disease in dogs. Anti-inflammatory responses, such as secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by P. gulae infection in human gingival epithelium have been studied. This study used dogs with P. gulae-associated periodontal diseases and was conducted by providing a dental chew containing 0.13% FA for 28 days. The viability and halitosis production (hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan) of P. gulae was significantly inhibited by FA in a dose and time-dependent manner. IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion were also significantly suppressed by FA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro bactericidal, antihalitosis, and anti-inflammatory effects of FA were confirmed in dogs with P. gulae-associated periodontal disease. One month of oral treatment with 0.13% FA-containing dental chews significantly reduced halitosis as well as P. gulae activity. This study suggests that oral treatment with FA can be a preventive option for periodontal disease in dogs as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Shirahata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
- Primo Animal Hospital Sagamiharachuo, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Yumi Katayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Mao Kaneki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama-shi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
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Muñoz-Medel M, Pinto MP, Goralsky L, Cáceres M, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Manque P, Pinto A, Garcia-Bloj B, de Mayo T, Godoy JA, Garrido M, Retamal IN. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bridge between oral health and immune evasion in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1403089. [PMID: 38807771 PMCID: PMC11130407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1403089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative oral pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis. Previous studies have linked poor oral health and periodontitis with oral cancer. Severe cases of periodontal disease can result in advanced periodontitis, leading to tissue degradation, tooth loss, and may also correlate with higher gastric cancer (GC) risk. In fact, tooth loss is associated with an elevated risk of cancer. However, the clinical evidence for this association remains inconclusive. Periodontitis is also characterized by chronic inflammation and upregulation of members of the Programmed Death 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) axis that leads to an immunosuppressive state. Given that chronic inflammation and immunosuppression are conditions that facilitate cancer progression and carcinogenesis, we hypothesize that oral P. gingivalis and/or its virulence factors serve as a mechanistic link between oral health and gastric carcinogenesis/GC progression. We also discuss the potential impact of P. gingivalis' virulence factors (gingipains, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fimbriae) on inflammation and the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in GC which are part of the current standard of care for advanced stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Muñoz-Medel
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio P. Pinto
- Support Team for Oncological Research and Medicine (STORM), Santiago, Chile
| | - Lauren Goralsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Patricio Manque
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Pinto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Garcia-Bloj
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomas de Mayo
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A. Godoy
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio N. Retamal
- Precision Oncology Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Song P, Hao Y, Lin D, Jin Y, Lin J. Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of Epigallocatechin gallate on the major pathogens of canine periodontal disease and therapeutic effects on periodontal disease mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1329772. [PMID: 38249491 PMCID: PMC10797024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1329772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease (PD) is a prevalent oral affliction in canines, with limited therapeutic options available. The potential transmission of oral bacteria from canines to humans through inter-species contact poses a risk of zoonotic infection. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin in green tea polyphenols, exhibits antibacterial properties effective against human PD. Given the clinical parallels between canine and human PD, this study explores the feasibility of employing EGCG as a therapeutic agent for canine PD. Methods and results Initially, a survey and statistical analysis of bacterial infection data related to canine PD in China were conducted. Subsequently, the primary pathogenic bacteria of canine PD were isolated and cultivated, and the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of EGCG was assessed. Furthermore, verify the therapeutic effect of EGCG on a mouse PD model in vivo. The high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Treponema, Moraxella, and Capnocytophaga as the genera that distinguishing PD from healthy canines' gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples in China. The anaerobic culture and drug susceptibility testing isolated a total of 92 clinical strains, representing 22 species, from 72 canine GCF samples, including Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas macacae, etc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging of EGCG was from 0.019 to 1.25 mg/mL. Following a 7 days oral mucosal administration of medium-dose EGCG (0.625 mg/mL), the abundance of periodontal microorganisms in PD mice significantly decreased. This intervention ameliorated alveolar bone loss, reducing the average cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) distance from 0.306 mm ± 0.050 mm to 0.161 mm ± 0.026 mm. Additionally, EGCG (0.3125 mg/mL) markedly down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factor IL-6 in the serum of PD mice. Conclusion Our research demonstrates the significant antibacterial effects of EGCG against the prevalent bacterium P. gulae in canine PD. Moreover, EGCG exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and proves effective in addressing bone loss in a PD mouse model. These findings collectively suggest the therapeutic potential of EGCG in the treatment of canine PD. The outcomes of this study contribute valuable data, laying the foundation for further exploration and screening of alternative antibiotic drugs to advance the management of canine PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Song
- Country National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- China Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Hao
- China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Degui Lin
- Country National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- Country National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- Country National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- China Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Jin M, Fang J, Wang JJ, Shao X, Xu SW, Liu PQ, Ye WC, Liu ZP. Regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2358-2375. [PMID: 37550526 PMCID: PMC10692204 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, one of the life-threatening cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), has been demonstrated to be a chronic inflammatory disease, and inflammatory and immune processes are involved in the origin and development of the disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of pattern recognition receptors that trigger innate immune responses by identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), regulate numerous acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies reveal that TLRs have a vital role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, including the initiation of endothelial dysfunction, interaction of various immune cells, and activation of a number of other inflammatory pathways. We herein summarize some other inflammatory signaling pathways, protein molecules, and cellular responses associated with TLRs, such as NLRP3, Nrf2, PCSK9, autophagy, pyroptosis and necroptosis, which are also involved in the development of AS. Targeting TLRs and their regulated inflammatory events could be a promising new strategy for the treatment of atherosclerotic CVDs. Novel drugs that exert therapeutic effects on AS through TLRs and their related pathways are increasingly being developed. In this article, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of TLR signaling pathways in atherosclerosis and actively seek potential therapeutic strategies using TLRs as a breakthrough point in the prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Affiliated Huadu Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Huadu District), Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Suo-Wen Xu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Pei-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Yoshida S, Inaba H, Nomura R, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Green tea catechins inhibit Porphyromonas gulae LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human gingival epithelial cells: Running title. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:352-358. [PMID: 35660639 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of green tea catechins in immortalized human gingival epithelial cells (Ca9-22) stimulated with Porphyromonas gulae lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Ca9-22 cells were incubated with P. gulae LPS (10 μg/ml) with or without green tea catechins, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC) (each at 50 μM), for 6 or 24 hours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8. Furthermore, the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 was examined using real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, and phosphorylation of the p38 and ERK1/2 was examined using western blotting analysis. RESULTS At the mRNA and protein levels, EGCg, EGC, ECG, and EC were found to significantly inhibit COX2, TNF-ɑ, IL-6, and IL-8. Furthermore, the levels of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation induced by P. gulae LPS were decreased following the addition of each of the catechins, as well as TLR2 and 4 mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that green tea catechins are potent inhibitors of inflammatory responses induced by P. gulae LPS, and may also be useful for prevention and/or attenuation of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Periodontopathic Microbiota and Atherosclerosis: Roles of TLR-Mediated Inflammation Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9611362. [PMID: 35295717 PMCID: PMC8920700 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9611362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high prevalence worldwide, contributing to a series of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Periodontal disease induced by pathogenic periodontal microbiota has been well established as an independent factor of atherosclerosis. Periodontal microorganisms have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques. The high-risk microbiota dwelling in the subgingival pocket can stimulate local and systematic host immune responses and inflammatory cascade reactions through various signaling pathways, resulting in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. One often-discussed pathway is the Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor-κB (TLR-NF-κB) signaling pathway that plays a central role in the transduction of inflammatory mediators and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. This narrative review is aimed at summarizing and updating the latest literature on the association between periodontopathic microbiota and atherosclerosis and providing possible therapeutic ideas for clinicians regarding atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.
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Yoshida S, Inaba H, Nomura R, Murakami M, Yasuda H, Nakano K, Matsumoto-Nakano M. Efficacy of FimA antibody and clindamycin in silkworm larvae stimulated with Porphyromonas gulae. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1914499. [PMID: 33968314 PMCID: PMC8079003 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1914499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Porphyromonas gulae, a major periodontal pathogen in animals, possesses fimbriae that have been classified into three genotypes (A, B, C) based on the diversity of fimA genes encoding fimbrillin protein (FimA). P. gulae strains with type C fimbriae were previously shown to be more virulent than other types. In this study, we further examined the host toxicity mediated by P. gulae fimbriae by constructing recombinant FimA (rFimA) expression vectors for each genotype and raised antibodies to the purified proteins. Methods and Results: All larvae died within 204 h following infection with P. gulae type C at the low-dose infection, whereas type A and B did not. Among fimA types, the survival rates of the larvae injected with rFimA type C were remarkably decreased, while the survival rates of the larvae injected with rFimA type A and type B were greater than 50%. Clindamycin treatment inhibited the growth of type C strains in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an increased rate of silkworm survival. Finally, type C rFimA-specific antiserum prolonged the survival of silkworm larvae stimulated by infection with P. gulae type C strain or injection of rFimA type C protein. Conclusion: These results suggested that type C fimbriae have high potential for enhancement of bacterial pathogenesis, and that both clindamycin and anti-type C rFimA-specific antibodies are potent inhibitors of type C fimbriae-induced toxicity. This is the first report to establish a silkworm infection model using P. gulae for toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Departments of Pharmacology, Veterinary Public Health II and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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