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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Xia J, Wang C, Yao L, Wang W, Zhao W, Jia T, Yu X, Yang G, Zhang Q. Investigation on Natural Infection of Covert Mortality Nodavirus in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111370. [PMID: 35681834 PMCID: PMC9179840 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) is a newly discovered aquatic animal virus in recent years. Here, we detected CMNV positive in farmed giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Jiangsu, China by TaqMan RT-qPCR. Meanwhile, in situ hybridization and histological analysis indicated that the intestine, gill, hepatopancreas and ovary of giant freshwater prawn were the target organs of CMNV. In addition, a large number of CMNV-like particles were observed in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues under transmission electron microscopy. Overall, our study confirms that giant freshwater prawn is a susceptible host of CMNV, further expands the known host range of CMNV, and provided a new direction for further investigation and exploration of multiple pathogenic factors of giant freshwater prawn disease. Abstract Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), from the Nodaviridae family, is characterized by its unique cross-species transmission and wide epidemic distribution features. In this study, Macrobrachium rosenbergii was proved to be infected naturally by CMNV, which further expand the known host range of CMNV. Here, 61.9% (70/113) of the M. rosenbergii samples collected from Jiangsu Province were CMNV positive in the TaqMan RT-qPCR assay, which indicated the high prevalence of CMNV in M. rosenbergii. Meanwhile, the sequences of CMNV RdRp gene cloned from M. rosenbergii were highly identical to that of the original CMNV isolate from Penaeus vannamei. In situ hybridization (ISH) and histology analysis indicated that the intestine, gill, hepatopancreas and ovary were the targeted organs of CMNV infection in M. rosenbergii, and obvious histopathological damage including vacuolation and karyopyknosis were occurred in the above organs. Notably, the presence of CMNV in gonad alerted its potential risk of vertical transmission in M. rosenbergii. Additionally, numerous CMNV-like particles could be observed in tissues of hepatopancreas and gill under transmission electron microscopy. Collectively, our results call for concern of the potential negative impact of the spread and prevalence of CMNV in M. rosenbergii on its aquaculture, as well as providing a renewed orientation for further investigation and exploration of the diverse pathogenic factors causing M. rosenbergii diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Xia
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chong Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Liang Yao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Tianchang Jia
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingtong Yu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Jiangsu Shufeng Prawn Breeding Co., LTD., Gaoyou 225600, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-85823062 (Q.Z.); Fax: +86-13905723532 (G.Y.); +86-532-85811514 (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingli Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (J.X.); (L.Y.); (W.W.); (W.Z.); (T.J.)
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.W.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Q.Z.); Tel.: +86-532-85823062 (Q.Z.); Fax: +86-13905723532 (G.Y.); +86-532-85811514 (Q.Z.)
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