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Jiang ST, Sun YH, Li Y, Wang MQ, Wang XY, Dong YF. Gut microbiota is necessary for pair-housing to protect against post-stroke depression in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114834. [PMID: 38789022 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis involved in the protective effect of pair-housing on post-stroke depression (PSD). PSD model was induced by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) plus restraint stress for four weeks. At three days after MCAO, the mice were restrained 2 h per day. For pair-housing (PH), each mouse was pair housed with a healthy isosexual cohabitor for four weeks. While in the other PH group, their drinking water was replaced with antibiotic water. On day 35 to day 40, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors (sucrose consumption, open field test, forced swim test, and tail-suspension test) were conducted. Results showed pair-housed mice had better performance on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors than the PSD mice, and the richness and diversity of intestinal flora were also improved. However, drinking antibiotic water reversed the effects of pair-housing. Furthermore, pair-housing had an obvious improvement in gut barrier disorder and inflammation caused by PSD. Particularly, they showed significant decreases in CD8 lymphocytes and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1β and IL-6), while IL-10 mRNA was upregulated. In addition, pair-housing significantly reduced activated microglia and increased Nissl's body in the hippocampus of PSD mice. However, all these improvements were worse in the pair-housed mice administrated with antibiotic water. We conclude that pair-housing significantly improves PSD in association with enhanced functions of microbiota-gut-brain axis, and homeostasis of gut microbiota is indispensable for the protective effect of pair-housing on PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ya Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Jiang ST, Lian SY, Sun YH, Pan MB, Wang B, Wang H, Hua J, Wang YC, Wang QL, Dong YF. The oxytocin receptor is essential for the protective effect of pair housing on post-stroke depression in mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112432. [PMID: 38614224 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of social interaction in mitigating the incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD) and ameliorating depressive symptoms has been consistently demonstrated through preclinical and clinical studies. However, the underlying relationship with oxytocin requires further investigation. In light of this, the present study aimed to explore the protective effect of pair housing on the development of PSD and the potential relationship with oxytocin receptors. The PSD model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 50 min, followed by 4-week isolated housing and restrained stress. Subsequently, each mouse in the pair-housing group (PH) was pair-housed with an isosexual healthy partner. Another group was continuously administrated fluoxetine (10 mg/Kg, i.p, once a day) for 3 weeks. To elucidate the potential role of oxytocin, we subjected pair-housed PSD mice to treatment with an oxytocin receptor (OXTR) antagonist (L368,889) (5 mg/Kg, i.p, once a day) for 3 weeks. At 31 to 32 days after MCAO, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors were assessed using sucrose consumption, forced swim test, and tail-suspension test. The results showed that pair housing significantly improved post-stroke depression to an extent comparable to that of fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, pair housing significantly decreased corticosterone in serum, increasing OXT mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Treatment with L368,889 essentially reversed the effect of pair housing, with no discernible sex differences apart from changes in body weight. Pair housing increased hippocampal serotonin (5-HT), but treatment with L368,889 had no significant impact. Additionally, pair housing effectively reduced the number of reactive astrocytes and increased Nissl's body in the cortex and hippocampal CA3 regions. Correspondingly, treatment with L368,889 significantly reversed the changes in the Nissl's body and reactive astrocytes. Moreover, pair housing downregulated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the cortex caused by PSD, which was also reversed by treatment with L368,889. In conclusion, pair housing protects against the development of PSD depending on OXT and OXTR in the brain, with no significant divergence based on sex. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of social interaction and oxytocin as therapeutic targets for PSD. Further research into the underlying mechanisms of these effects may contribute to the development of novel treatments for PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Ying Lian
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao-Huan Sun
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Mustafa AM, Shaheen AM, Zaki HF, Rabie MA. Nicorandil and carvedilol mitigates motor deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced multiple sclerosis: Role of TLR4/TRAF6/MAPK/NF-κB signalling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111387. [PMID: 38134593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disease that negatively affects neurotransmission. It can be pathologically mimicked by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model. ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal damage, however their role in MS are still obscure. Additionally, Carvedilol showed a promising neuroprotective activity against several neurological disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of KATP channel opener (nicorandil) as well as α and β adrenoceptor antagonist (Carvedilol) against EAE induced neurodegeneration in mice. Mice was treated with nicorandil (6 mg/kg/day; p.o.) and carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 14 days. Nicorandil and carvedilol showed improvement in clinical scoring, behaviour and motor coordination as established by histopathological investigation and immunohistochemical detection of MBP. Furthermore, both treatments downregulated the protein expression of TLR4/ MYD88/TRAF6 signalling cascade with downstream inhibition of (pT183/Y185)-JNK/p38 (pT180/Y182)-MAPK axis leading to reduction of neuroinflammatory status, as witnessed by reduction of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 contents. Moreover, nicorandil and carvedilol attenuated oxidative damage by increasing Nrf2 content and SOD activity together with reduction of MDA content. In addition, an immunomodulating effect via inhibiting the gene expression of CD4, TGF-β, and IL-17 as well as TGF-β, IL-17, and IL-23 contents along with anti-apoptotic effect by decreasing Bax protein expression and Caspase-3 content and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression was observed with nicorandil and carvedilol treatments. In conclusion, nicorandil and carvedilol exerted a neuroprotective activity against EAE induced neuronal loss via inhibition of TLR4/MYD88/TRAF6/JNK/p38-MAPK axis besides antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang H, Bin Wang, Pan MB, Jiang ST, Wang YC, Zhu Y, Zhang QC, Dong YF. Disorders in the gut and liver are involved in depression contagion between isosexual post-stroke depression mice and the healthy cohabitors. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114246. [PMID: 36481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the accumulated evidence that pair housing could attenuate post-stroke depression (PSD), but less attention has been paid to the healthy cohabitors, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether there is depressive contagion between PSD mice and their healthy cohabitors. PSD was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus restraint stress for four weeks. Three days after MCAO, the mice were restrained two hours per day and isosexually pair-housed for four weeks. The results showed that, compared with the partners pair housed with normal control mice (Ctrl group), the partners pair housed with PSD mice (CH group) displayed depressive-like behaviors, including decreased sucrose preference rate, significantly shorter duration in the center arena and reduced total distance in the open-field test, and extended immobile time in forced swimming test and tail-suspension test without sex differences. Regarding the change in the body weight, only the males showed a significant reduction on days 17 and 24 after treatment. Furthermore, the CH group showed significantly increased corticosterone and decreased oxytocin (OXT) levels in serum, while the mRNA levels of OXT, vasopressin and oxytocin receptor were remarkably upregulated in the hypothalamus of the CH group. However, there was no significant change in the vasopressin receptor V1a. Interestingly, compared with the Ctrl group, there was a significant decrease in butyrate in serum of the CH group. Consistently, they had mild liver dysfunction with increased alanine transaminase, extended hepatic sinus surrounded by enhanced SLC22A9, and significantly increased Iba1-positive macrophages. Moreover, the expression of tight junction protein (Occludin and ZO-1) obviously decreased in the colon with increasing Iba1-positive cells. These results suggest that isosexual pair-housing with PSD mice causes the healthy partners to develop depressive-like behaviors with disturbances in the gut and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei-Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Su-Ting Jiang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Chun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicity, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin-Feng Dong
- Department of Medical Care, School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Wang P, Cui Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Bai H, Zhao Y, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial ferritin alleviates apoptosis by enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics and stimulating glucose metabolism in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102475. [PMID: 36179435 PMCID: PMC9526171 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and deficient bioenergetics are key players in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R). As a mitochondrial iron storage protein, mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) plays a pivotal role in protecting neuronal cells from oxidative damage under stress conditions. However, the effects of FtMt in mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis under cerebral I/R are barely understood. In the present study, we found that FtMt deficiency exacerbates neuronal apoptosis via classical mitochondria-depedent pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in brains exposed to I/R. Conversely, FtMt overexpression significantly inhibited oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced apoptosis and the activation of ER stress response. Meanwhile, FtMt overexpression rescued OGD/R-induced mitochondrial iron overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased neuronal GSH content. Using the Seahorse and O2K cellular respiration analyser, we demonstrated that FtMt remarkably improved the ATP content and the spare respiratory capacity under I/R conditions. Importantly, we found that glucose consumption was augmented in FtMt overexpressing cells after OGD/R insult; overexpression of FtMt facilitated the activation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the production of NADPH in cells after OGD/R, indicating that the pentose-phosphate pathway is enhanced in FtMt overexpressing cells, thus strengthening the antioxidant capacity of neuronal cells. In summary, our results reveal that FtMt protects against I/R-induced apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics and regulating glucose metabolism via the pentose-phosphate pathway, thus preventing ROS overproduction, and preserving energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanmei Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhongda Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yashuo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China; Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China.
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Chen X, Liu J, Qin X. Long-term iTBS promotes neural structural and functional recovery by enhancing neurogenesis and migration via miR-551b-5p/BDNF/TrkB pathway in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res Bull 2022; 184:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Mohamed IN, Li L, Ismael S, Ishrat T, El-Remessy AB. Thioredoxin interacting protein, a key molecular switch between oxidative stress and sterile inflammation in cellular response. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1979-1999. [PMID: 35047114 PMCID: PMC8696646 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i12.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue and systemic inflammation have been the main culprit behind the cellular response to multiple insults and maintaining homeostasis. Obesity is an independent disease state that has been reported as a common risk factor for multiple metabolic and microvascular diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), retinopathy, critical limb ischemia, and impaired angiogenesis. Sterile inflammation driven by high-fat diet, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, alteration of intracellular calcium level and associated release of inflammatory mediators, are the main common underlying forces in the pathophysiology of NAFLD, ischemic retinopathy, stroke, and aging brain. This work aims to examine the contribution of the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) to the expression and activation of NLRP3-inflammasome resulting in initiation or exacerbation of sterile inflammation in these disease states. Finally, the potential for TXNIP as a therapeutic target and whether TXNIP expression can be modulated using natural antioxidants or repurposing other drugs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam N Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95758, United States
| | - Luling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95758, United States
| | - Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Department of Pharmacy, Doctors Hospital of Augusta, Augusta, GA 30909, United States
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8
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Hypoxia Tolerant Species: The Wisdom of Nature Translated into Targets for Stroke Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011131. [PMID: 34681788 PMCID: PMC8537001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neurons rapidly die after ischemia and current therapies for stroke management are limited to restoration of blood flow to prevent further brain damage. Thrombolytics and mechanical thrombectomy are the available reperfusion treatments, but most of the patients remain untreated. Neuroprotective therapies focused on treating the pathogenic cascade of the disease have widely failed. However, many animal species demonstrate that neurons can survive the lack of oxygen for extended periods of time. Here, we reviewed the physiological and molecular pathways inherent to tolerant species that have been described to contribute to hypoxia tolerance. Among them, Foxo3 and Eif5A were reported to mediate anoxic survival in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively, and those results were confirmed in experimental models of stroke. In humans however, the multiple mechanisms involved in brain cell death after a stroke causes translation difficulties to arise making necessary a timely and coordinated control of the pathological changes. We propose here that, if we were able to plagiarize such natural hypoxia tolerance through drugs combined in a pharmacological cocktail it would open new therapeutic opportunities for stroke and likely, for other hypoxic conditions.
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Li H, Chen D, Sun W, Chen J, Luo C, Xu H, Ma JH, Tang S. KATP Opener Attenuates Diabetic-Induced Müller Gliosis and Inflammation by Modulating Kir6.1 in Microglia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 33523201 PMCID: PMC7862730 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the effect of pinacidil, a nonselective KATP channel opener, on diabetes-induced retinal gliosis and inflammation. Methods Primary and immortalized cell lines of retinal microglia and Müller cells were used to set up a coculture model. In the trans-well system, microglia were seeded in the upper chamber and Müller cells in the bottom chamber. Microglia were polarized into proinflammatory (M1, with lipopolysaccharide and INF-γ) with or without different pinacidil concentrations before coculturing with Müller cells. The expression of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory genes and protein in microglia, and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Kir4.1, and AQP4 in Müller cells were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Pinacidil was injected intravitreally into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Retinal gliosis and inflammation were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results Intravitreal injection of pinacidil alleviated diabetes-induced Müller cell gliosis and microglial activation and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor expression. In vitro study demonstrated that pinacidil inhibited tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1β expression in M1-type microglia and alleviated the M1 microglia-induced GFAP expression in the Müller cells. Furthermore, we found that pinacidil on its own, or in combination with IL-4, can upregulate arginase-1 (Arg-1) and Kir6.1 expression in microglial cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that potassium channels are critically involved in diabetes-induced gliosis and microglial activation. The KATP opener, pinacidil, can reduce microglial activation by upregulating Kir6.1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | - Wei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Luo
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Heping Xu
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jacey Hongjie Ma
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhao Y, Yang Z, He Y, Sun R, Yuan H. The KATP channel opener, nicorandil, ameliorates brain damage by modulating synaptogenesis after ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246019. [PMID: 33497397 PMCID: PMC7837460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With population growth and aging, more and more patients with cerebral infarction have varying degrees of disability. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels regulate many cellular functions by coupling metabolic status with cell membrane electrical activity. Nicorandil (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nicotinamide nitrate) is the first KATP channel opener approved for clinical use. It has been reported that it might exert protective effects on the cerebral infarction by increasing cerebral blood flow and reducing inflammation. However, only a few studies explored its role in synaptogenesis. We made the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Nicorandil was administered to rats via oral administration immediately after the surgery at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg and then daily for the next days. Infarct volume, cerebral edema, neurological deficits, cognitive impairment, and the level of Synaptophysin (SYP)、Growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) levels were measured to evaluate the effect of nicorandil. Our data showed that nicorandil treatment could decrease brain damage, improve learning and memory, and increase SYP、GAP43 and NeuN level. Taken together, we propose that nicorandil, as an opener of the KATP channel, provides a neuroprotective role in MCAO by promoting synaptic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanhong He
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruonan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heping Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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11
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Ikeno Y, Ghincea CV, Roda GF, Cheng L, Aftab M, Meng X, Weyant MJ, Cleveland JC, Fullerton DA, Reece TB. Optimizing Nicorandil for Spinal Cord Protection in a Murine Model of Complex Aortic Intervention. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:28-38. [PMID: 33444762 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no clinically utilized pharmacological agents for the induction of metabolic tolerance to spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in the setting of complex aortic intervention. Nicorandil, a nitric oxide donor and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener, has shown promise in neuroprotection. However, the optimized clinical application of the drug and its mechanism of neuroprotection remains unclear. We hypothesized that 3-days pretreatment would confer the most effective neuroprotection, mediated by mitochondrial KATP channel activation. Spinal cord injury was induced by 7 minutes of thoracic aortic cross-clamping in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Time course: mice received 0.1 mg/kg nicorandil for 10 min, 4 hours, and 3 consecutive days prior to ischemia compared with control. Dose challenge: mice received 3-days nicorandil pretreatment comparing 0.1 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, and saline administration. Mitochondrial KATP channel blocker 5-hydroxy-decanoate (5HD) was co-administered to elucidate mechanism. Limb motor function was evaluated, and viable anterior horn neurons quantified. Nicorandil pretreatment at 4 hours and 3 days before ischemia demonstrated significant motor function preservation; administration 10 minutes before ischemia showed no neuroprotection. All nicorandil doses showed significant motor function preservation. Three days administration of Nicorandil 1.0 mg/kg was most potent. Neuroprotection was completely abolished by 5HD co-administration. Histological analysis showed significant neuron preservation with nicorandil pretreatment, which was attenuated by 5HD co-administration. Three days administration of Nicorandil 1.0 mg/kg showed near-total motor function preservation in a murine spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion model, mediated by the mitochondrial KATP channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ikeno
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christian V Ghincea
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gavriel F Roda
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Linling Cheng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Xianzhong Meng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael J Weyant
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A Fullerton
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Brett Reece
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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12
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Curcumin: an inflammasome silencer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Wu J, Wang B, Li M, Shi YH, Wang C, Kang YG. Network pharmacology identification of mechanisms of cerebral ischemia injury amelioration by Baicalin and Geniposide. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172484. [PMID: 31229537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the main causes of human neurological dysfunction. Baicalin (BC) and Geniposide (GP) and their combination (BC/GP) have an ameliorative effect on cerebral ischemia. Here, we use network pharmacology to predict the targets of BC, GP and BC/GP, then explored the protective mechanisms of the drugs on cerebral ischemia injury caused by abnormal activation of microglia cells in vitro. The results indicate that 45 targets related to cerebral ischemic injury were predicted by network pharmacology, and 26 cerebral ischemia related pathways were extracted by the KEGG database. In vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BV-2 cells to establish a model of inflammatory injury induced by microglia. The effects of BC, GP and BC/GP on the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α were verified. Network pharmacology predicts the regulation of the 5-LOX/CysLTs inflammatory pathway. Finally, we found that GP and BC/GP exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects by regulating the polarization state of microglia and down-regulating 5-LOX/CysLTs, and has certain protective effects on nerve damage following cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Min Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yong-Heng Shi
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Ya-Guo Kang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
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Zhong CJ, Chen MM, Lu M, Ding JH, Du RH, Hu G. Astrocyte-specific deletion of Kir6.1/K-ATP channel aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:225-233. [PMID: 30315808 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels, coupling cell metabolism to cell membrane potential, are involved in brain diseases including stroke. Emerging evidence shows that astrocytes play important roles in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Kir6.1, a pore-forming subunit of K-ATP channel, is prominently expressed in astrocytes and participates in regulating its function. However, the exact role of astrocytic Kir6.1-containg K-ATP channel (Kir6.1/K-ATP) in ischemic stroke remains unclear. Here, we found that astrocytic Kir6.1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited larger infarct areas and more severe brain edema and neurological deficits in middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. Both activated gliosis and neuronal loss were aggravated in astrocytic Kir6.1 KO mice. Furthermore, the protein levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) and active caspase-3 were up-regulated and the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated in astrocytic Kir6.1 KO mice. This is accompanied by enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) responses in brain tissues and in astrocytes during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Finally, inhibition of ER stress rescued astrocyte apoptosis induced by Kir6.1 deletion during I/R injury. Collectively, our findings reveal that astrocytic Kir6.1/K-ATP channel protects brain from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting ER stress and suggest that astrocytic Kir6.1/K-ATP channel is a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Jin Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Nongmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Nongmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Nongmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Nongmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Ren-Hong Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Nongmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Nongmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin, PR China.
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Zhang H, Wang J, Huang J, Shi T, Ma X, Luo X, Li X, Li M. Inhibiting Jumoji domain containing protein 3 (JMJD3) prevent neuronal apoptosis from stroke. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:132-142. [PMID: 30028997 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Control of p53 by histone methylation is closely related in the neuronal apoptosis following ischemic stroke. In mammalian cells, demethylation of methylated lysine residue of histones is catalyzed by Jumonji domain-containing proteins (JMJD) family. Among them, JMJD3 is reported to be a hypoxic target gene and expressed in all cell types of brain including neurons. However, the role of JMJD3 on process of neuronal apoptosis after ischemic stroke is still largely unknown. PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting results indicated that JMJD3 expression was upregulated in cultured neurons upon oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Jmjd3-/- neurons exhibited inhibited cell apoptosis and tolerance to the OGD injury. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assays showed that the underlying mechanism was through transcriptional activation of p53, thus altering the downstream Bax and Caspase-3 genes. Silencing Jmjd3 improved neurological deficit and reduced infarct volume following ischemic injury in vivo. The present study suggested that JMJD3 was a critical promoter of neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, and inhibition of JMJD3 might provide a new therapeutic intervention for treating cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Outpatient, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingyu Shi
- Basic Medical Academy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Szeto V, Chen NH, Sun HS, Feng ZP. The role of K ATP channels in cerebral ischemic stroke and diabetes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:683-694. [PMID: 29671418 PMCID: PMC5943906 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are ubiquitously expressed on the plasma membrane of cells in multiple organs, including the heart, pancreas and brain. KATP channels play important roles in controlling and regulating cellular functions in response to metabolic state, which are inhibited by ATP and activated by Mg-ADP, allowing the cell to couple cellular metabolic state (ATP/ADP ratio) to electrical activity of the cell membrane. KATP channels mediate insulin secretion in pancreatic islet beta cells, and controlling vascular tone. Under pathophysiological conditions, KATP channels play cytoprotective role in cardiac myocytes and neurons during ischemia and/or hypoxia. KATP channel is a hetero-octameric complex, consisting of four pore-forming Kir6.x and four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor SURx subunits. These subunits are differentially expressed in various cell types, thus determining the sensitivity of the cells to specific channel modifiers. Sulfonylurea class of antidiabetic drugs blocks KATP channels, which are neuroprotective in stroke, can be one of the high stoke risk factors for diabetic patients. In this review, we discussed the potential effects of KATP channel blockers when used under pathological conditions related to diabetics and cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Szeto
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Nai-hong Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-shuo Sun
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
- Surgery
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Zhong-ping Feng
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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18
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Natural Compounds as Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1 β Production. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5460302. [PMID: 27672241 PMCID: PMC5031844 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5460302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1β is one of the main proinflammatory cytokines that regulates a broad range of immune responses and also participates in several physiological processes. The canonical production of IL-1β requires multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. One of the most intensively studied inflammasome complexes is the NLRP3 inflammasome. Its activation requires two signals: one signal “primes” the cells and induces the expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β, while the other signal leads to the assembly and activation of the complex. Several stimuli were reported to function as the second signal including reactive oxygen species, lysosomal rupture, or cytosolic ion perturbation. Despite very intensive studies, the precise function and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are still not clear. However, many chronic inflammatory diseases are related to the overproduction of IL-1β that is mediated via the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of studies that demonstrated the effect of plant-derived natural compounds on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production. Although many of these studies lack the mechanistic explanation of their action, these compounds may be considered as complementary supplements in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, consumed as preventive agents, and may also be considered as molecular tools to study NLRP3 function.
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Leon Guerrero CR, Pathak S, Grange DK, Singh GK, Nichols CG, Lee JM, Vo KD. Neurologic and neuroimaging manifestations of Cantú syndrome: A case series. Neurology 2016; 87:270-6. [PMID: 27316244 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the neurologic and neuroimaging manifestations associated with Cantú syndrome. METHODS We evaluated 10 patients with genetically confirmed Cantú syndrome. All adult patients, and pediatric patients who were able to cooperate and complete the studies, underwent neuroimaging, including vascular imaging. A salient neurologic history and examination was obtained for all patients. RESULTS We observed diffusely dilated and tortuous cerebral blood vessels in all patients who underwent vascular imaging. White matter changes were observed in all patients who completed an MRI brain study. Two patients had a persistent trigeminal artery. One patient had an occluded right middle cerebral artery. One patient had transient white matter changes suggestive of posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome. Four patients had migraines with one patient having complicated migraines. Seizures were seen in early life but infrequent. The majority of patients had mild developmental delays and one patient had a diagnosis of autism. CONCLUSIONS Cantú syndrome is associated with various neurologic manifestations, particularly cerebrovascular findings including dilated and tortuous cerebral vessels, white matter changes, and persistent fetal circulation. Involvement of the KATP SUR2/Kir6.1 subtype potentially plays an important role in the neurologic manifestations of Cantú syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Leon Guerrero
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO
| | - Sheel Pathak
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO
| | - Gautam K Singh
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin G Nichols
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO.
| | - Katie D Vo
- From George Washington University (C.R.L.G.), Washington, DC; and Washington University School of Medicine (S.P., D.K.G., G.K.S., C.G.N., J.-M.L., K.D.V.), St. Louis, MO.
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Zhang Y, Pan S, Zheng X, Wan Q. Cytomembrane ATP-sensitive K + channels in neurovascular unit targets of ischemic stroke in the recovery period. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1055-1059. [PMID: 27446320 PMCID: PMC4950624 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was to analyze the mechanism of cytomembrane ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) in the neurovascular unit treatment of ischemic stroke in the recovery period. A total of 24 healthy adult male Wistar rats of 5–8 weeks age, weighing 160–200 g were randomly divided into the control (sham-operation group), model, KATP blocker and KATP opener groups (n=6 rats per group). Nylon cerebral artery occlusion was conducted using nylon monofilament coated with Poly-L-lysine, which was used to produce a cerebral infarction model. After feeding normally for 3 days, 5-hydroxydecanoate (40 mg/Kg), and diazoxide (40 mg/Kg) were injected to the abdominal cavity in the blocker, and opener groups, respectively. The control received an equivalent normal saline that was injected into the sham-operation and model groups. The animals were mutilated and samples were collected after 3 days. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of the three subunits of KATP, i.e., kir6.1, and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 and SUR2 mRNA, as well as to calculate infarct size in tetrazolium chloride staining. The expression level of mRNA in the opener group were significantly higher, followed by the model and blocker groups, with the control group being the lowest (P<0.05). Infarct size in the opener group was markedly smaller than the model and blocker groups, and infarct size in the blocker group was significantly larger (P<0.05). Thus, the target treatment on KATP may improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke during the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Sipei Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Dong YF, Chen ZZ, Zhao Z, Yang DD, Yan H, Ji J, Sun XL. Potential role of microRNA-7 in the anti-neuroinflammation effects of nicorandil in astrocytes induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:60. [PMID: 26961366 PMCID: PMC4785619 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally recognized that the inflammatory reaction in glia is one of the important pathological factors in brain ischemic injury. Our previous study has revealed that opening ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels could attenuate glial inflammation induced by ischemic stroke. However, the detailed mechanisms are not well known. METHODS Primary cultured astrocytes separated from C57BL/6 mice were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD); cellular injuries were determined via observing the changes of cellular morphology and cell viability. MicroRNA (miR) and messenger RNA (mRNA) level was validated by real-time PCR. The interaction between microRNA and the target was confirmed via dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Expressions of proteins and inflammatory cytokines were respectively assessed by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS OGD resulted in astrocytic damage, which was prevented by K-ATP channel opener nicorandil. Notably, we found that OGD significantly downregulated miR-7 and upregulated Herpud2. Our further study proved that miR-7 targeted Herpud2 3'UTR, which encoded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein-HERP2. Correspondingly, our results showed that OGD increased the levels of ER stress proteins along with significant elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Pretreatment with nicorandil could remarkably upregulate miR-7, depress the ER-related protein expressions including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and Caspase-12, and thereby attenuate inflammatory responses and astrocytic damages. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that opening K-ATP channels protects astrocytes against OGD-mediated neuroinflammation. Potentially, miR-7-targeted ER stress acts as a key molecular brake on neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Feng Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng-Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Zhan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Juan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Guan S, Qu D, Wang L, Wang X, Li X, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Wang N, Meng J, Ma X. An Orally Active Allosteric GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Is Neuroprotective in Cellular and Rodent Models of Stroke. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148827. [PMID: 26863436 PMCID: PMC4749391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of stroke. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have been in clinical use for the treatment of diabetes and also been reported to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke. The quinoxaline 6,7-dichloro-2-methylsulfonyl-3-N-tert- butylaminoquinoxaline (DMB) is an agonist and allosteric modulator of the GLP-1R with the potential to increase the affinity of GLP-1 for its receptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of DMB on transient focal cerebral ischemia. In cultured cortical neurons, DMB activated the GLP-1R, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels with an EC50 value about 100 fold that of exendin-4. Pretreatment of neurons with DMB protected against necrotic and apoptotic cell death was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The neuroprotective effects of DMB were blocked by GLP-1R knockdown with shRNA but not by GLP-1R antagonism. In C57BL/6 mice, DMB was orally administered 30 min prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. DMB markedly reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits caused by MCAO and reperfusion. The neuroprotective effects were mediated by activation of the GLP-1R through the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. DMB exhibited anti-apoptotic effects by modulating Bcl-2 family members. These results provide evidence that DMB, a small molecular GLP-1R agonist, attenuates transient focal cerebral ischemia injury and inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by MCAO. Taken together, these data suggest that DMB is a potential neuroprotective agent against cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- School of Nurse, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaoyu Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Preventative Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinshang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xubo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: . (XM); (JM)
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: . (XM); (JM)
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Zhang H, Meng J, Zhou S, Liu Y, Qu D, Wang L, Li X, Wang N, Luo X, Ma X. Intranasal Delivery of Exendin-4 Confers Neuroprotective Effect Against Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 18:385-94. [PMID: 26689204 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exendin-4 is now considered as a promising drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. To determine the neuroprotective effects of intranasal exendin-4, C57BL/6J mice were intranasally administered with exendin-4 daily for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. Intranasally administered exendin-4 produced higher brain concentrations and lower plasma concentrations when compared to identical doses administered interperitoneally. Neurological deficits and volume of infarcted lesions were analyzed 24 h after ischemia. Intranasal administration of exendin-4 exhibited significant neuroprotection in C57BL/6 mice subjected to MCAO by reducing neurological deficit scores and infarct volume. The neuroprotective effects of exendin-4 were blocked by the knockdown of GLP-1R with shRNA. However, exendin-4 has no impact on glucose and insulin levels which indicated that the neuroprotective effect was mediated by the activation of GLP-1R in the brain. Exendin-4 intranasal administration restored the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and decreased the expression of Caspase-3. The anti-apoptotic effect was mediated by the cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings provided evidence that exendin-4 intranasal administration exerted a neuroprotective effect mediated by an anti-apoptotic mechanism in MCAO mice and protected neurons against ischemic injury through the GLP-1R pathway in the brain. Intranasal delivery of exendin-4 might be a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jingru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- School of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Preventative Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xubo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Li Y, Li J, Li S, Li Y, Wang X, Liu B, Fu Q, Ma S. Curcumin attenuates glutamate neurotoxicity in the hippocampus by suppression of ER stress-associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a manner dependent on AMPK. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang H, Meng J, Li X, Zhou S, Qu D, Wang N, Jia M, Ma X, Luo X. Pro-GLP-1, a Pro-drug of GLP-1, is neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 70:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ehling P, Cerina M, Budde T, Meuth SG, Bittner S. The CNS under pathophysiologic attack--examining the role of K₂p channels. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:959-72. [PMID: 25482672 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the two-pore domain K(+) channel (K2P) family are increasingly recognized as being potential targets for therapeutic drugs and could play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders. Their broad and diverse expression pattern in pleiotropic cell types, importance in cellular function, unique biophysical properties, and sensitivity toward pathophysiologic parameters represent the basis for their involvement in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). This review will focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke, as there is growing evidence for the involvement of K2P channels in these two major CNS disorders. In MS, TASK1-3 channels are expressed on T lymphocytes and are part of a signaling network regulating Ca(2+)- dependent pathways that are mandatory for T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. In addition, TASK1 channels are involved in neurodegeneration, resulting in autoimmune attack of CNS cells. On the blood-brain barrier, TREK1 channels regulate immune cell trafficking under autoinflammatory conditions. Cerebral ischemia shares some pathophysiologic similarities with MS, including hypoxia and extracellular acidosis. On a cellular level, K2P channels can have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic effects, either promoting neurodegeneration or protecting neurons from ischemic cell death. TASK1 and TREK1 channels have a neuroprotective effect on stroke development, whereas TASK2 channels have a detrimental effect on neuronal survival under ischemic conditions. Future research in preclinical models is needed to provide a more detailed understanding of the contribution of K2P channel family members to neurologic disorders, before translation to the clinic is an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Ehling
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,
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The protective effect of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with PI3K/Akt pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:1-14. [PMID: 25366463 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, have been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effect. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are thought to be important factors that mediate neuroprotection. However, little is known about the role of PI3K/Akt and KATP channels in brain after EETs administration. In vitro experiment, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was performed in cultured rat cerebral microvascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for 4 h. The effect of 14,15-EET on OGD induced cell apoptosis was examined after reoxygenation. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression of Kir6.1, SUR2B (two subunits of KATP channels) and p-Akt on cerebral microvascular SMCs. In vivo experiments, we use 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid [AUDA, a specific soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor] to confirm the effect of EETs indirectly. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with AUDA before being subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We detected the apoptosis and the expression of p-Akt, Kir6.1 and SUR2B in ischemic penumbra. The results showed that EETs protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and upregulated the expression of p-Akt and Kir6.1 in both of ischemic penumbra and OGD induced cerebral microvascular SMCs. The protective effect was inhibited by Wortmannin (a specific PI3K inhibitor) and Glib (a specific KATP inhibitor) respectively in vitro experiment. In conclusion, these results suggested that the protective effect of EETs on cerebral I/R injury is associated with PI3K/Akt pathway and KATP channels. Furthermore, the PI3K pathway may contribute to mediating KATP channels on cerebral microvascular SMCs.
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Zhang HY, Wang ZG, Lu XH, Kong XX, Wu FZ, Lin L, Tan X, Ye LB, Xiao J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: relevance and therapeutics in central nervous system diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1343-52. [PMID: 25048984 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in a range of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenation diseases, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy. Protein misfolding and accumulation in the ER lumen initiate unfolded protein response in energy-starved neurons which are relevant to toxic effects. In neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, ER dysfunction is well recognized, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In stroke and ischemia, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, chronic activation of ER stress is considered as main pathogeny which causes neuronal disorders. By targeting components of these ER signaling responses, to explore clinical treatment strategies or new drugs in CNS neurological diseases might become possible and valuable in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Zhao AP, Dong YF, Liu W, Gu J, Sun XL. Nicorandil inhibits inflammasome activation and Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction to protect against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced inflammation in BV-2 cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 20:147-53. [PMID: 24256503 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our previous studies have demonstrated adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) openers could protect against inflammatory response in brain disease, but little is known about the mechanisms involved in KATP channel openers inhibiting neuroinflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) resulted in BV-2 cells activation, significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels, accompanied by downregulating Kir6.1 subunit. Pretreatment with nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, could attenuate OGD-induced BV-2 cells activation and inhibit pro-inflammatory factors release. Further study demonstrated that OGD activated Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing three inflammasome, thereby increased IL-1β production. Pretreatment with nicorandil could reverse the two pathways involved in IL-1β production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that KATP channel openers could protect against OGD-induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting inflammasome activation and TLR4 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Peng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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