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Liu ZJ, Chen C, Li XR, Ran YY, Xu T, Zhang Y, Geng XK, Zhang Y, Du HS, Leak RK, Ji XM, Hu XM. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning-Mediated Neuroprotection against Stroke is Associated with Significant Alterations in Peripheral Immune Responses. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 22:43-52. [PMID: 26384716 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of a limb is a clinically feasible strategy to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury after stroke. However, the mechanism underlying RIPC remains elusive. METHODS We generated a rat model of noninvasive RIPC by four repeated cycles of brief blood flow constriction (5 min) in the hindlimbs using a tourniquet. Blood was collected 1 h after preconditioning and 3 days after brain reperfusion. The impact of RIPC on immune cell and cytokine profiles prior to and after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was assessed. RESULTS Remote ischemic preconditioning protects against focal ischemia and preserves neurological functions 3 days after stroke. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that RIPC ameliorates the post-MCAO reduction of CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells and abolishes the reduction of CD3(+)/CD161a(+) NKT cells in the blood. In addition, RIPC robustly elevates the percentage of B cells in peripheral blood, thereby reversing the reduction in the B-cell population after stroke. RIPC also markedly elevates the percentage of CD43(+)/CD172a(+) noninflammatory resident monocytes, without any impact on the percentage of CD43(-)/CD172a(+) inflammatory monocytes. Finally, RIPC induces IL-6 expression and enhances the elevation of TNF-α after stroke. CONCLUSION Our results reveal dramatic immune changes during RIPC-afforded neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jian Liu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ran
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xun-Ming Ji
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Hu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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