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Zhao Z, Yuan Y, Li S, Wang X, Yang X. Natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals as glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14885. [PMID: 39129397 PMCID: PMC11317746 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is complex. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, and safe and effective treatments are needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) mediates AD progression through several signaling pathways. Recently, several studies have found that various natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals can significantly improve AD symptoms. AIMS This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the potential neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds as inhibitors of GSK-3β in the treatment of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies that investigated natural compounds as inhibitors of GSK-3β in the treatment of AD. RESULTS The mechanism may be related to GSK-3β activation inhibition to regulate amyloid beta production, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, cell apoptosis, and cellular inflammation. By reviewing recent studies on GSK-3β inhibition in phytochemicals and AD intervention, flavonoids including oxyphylla A, quercetin, morin, icariin, linarin, genipin, and isoorientin were reported as potent GSK-3β inhibitors for AD treatment. Polyphenols such as schisandrin B, magnolol, and dieckol have inhibitory effects on GSK-3β in AD models, including in vivo models. Sulforaphene, ginsenoside Rd, gypenoside XVII, falcarindiol, epibrassinolides, 1,8-Cineole, and andrographolide are promising GSK-3β inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Natural compounds from herbs and nutraceuticals are potential candidates for AD treatment. They may qualify as derivatives for development as promising compounds that provide enhanced pharmacological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Emergency MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Emergency MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Emergency MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of NeurologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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2
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Cheng XT, Huang N, Sheng ZH. Programming axonal mitochondrial maintenance and bioenergetics in neurodegeneration and regeneration. Neuron 2022; 110:1899-1923. [PMID: 35429433 PMCID: PMC9233091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria generate ATP essential for neuronal growth, function, and regeneration. Due to their polarized structures, neurons face exceptional challenges to deliver mitochondria to and maintain energy homeostasis throughout long axons and terminal branches where energy is in high demand. Chronic mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by bioenergetic failure is a pathological hallmark of major neurodegenerative diseases. Brain injury triggers acute mitochondrial damage and a local energy crisis that accelerates neuron death. Thus, mitochondrial maintenance defects and axonal energy deficits emerge as central problems in neurodegenerative disorders and brain injury. Recent studies have started to uncover the intrinsic mechanisms that neurons adopt to maintain (or reprogram) axonal mitochondrial density and integrity, and their bioenergetic capacity, upon sensing energy stress. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how neurons maintain a healthy pool of axonal mitochondria, as well as potential therapeutic strategies that target bioenergetic restoration to power neuronal survival, function, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Tang Cheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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3
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3: Ion Channels, Plasticity, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084413. [PMID: 35457230 PMCID: PMC9028019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3) is a multifaceted serine/threonine (S/T) kinase expressed in all eukaryotic cells. GSK3β is highly enriched in neurons in the central nervous system where it acts as a central hub for intracellular signaling downstream of receptors critical for neuronal function. Unlike other kinases, GSK3β is constitutively active, and its modulation mainly involves inhibition via upstream regulatory pathways rather than increased activation. Through an intricate converging signaling system, a fine-tuned balance of active and inactive GSK3β acts as a central point for the phosphorylation of numerous primed and unprimed substrates. Although the full range of molecular targets is still unknown, recent results show that voltage-gated ion channels are among the downstream targets of GSK3β. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms by which GSK3β phosphorylates voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav1.2 and Nav1.6) and voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv4 and Kv7) and their physiological effects on intrinsic excitability, neuronal plasticity, and behavior. We also present evidence for how unbalanced GSK3β activity can lead to maladaptive plasticity that ultimately renders neuronal circuitry more vulnerable, increasing the risk for developing neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, GSK3β-dependent modulation of voltage-gated ion channels may serve as an important pharmacological target for neurotherapeutic development.
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Belén Sanz-Martos A, Fernández-Felipe J, Merino B, Cano V, Ruiz-Gayo M, Del Olmo N. Butyric Acid Precursor Tributyrin Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Prevents Spatial Memory Deficits: Role of PPARγ and AMPK. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:498-511. [PMID: 35152284 PMCID: PMC9211015 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as butyric acid (BA), derived from the intestinal fermentation of dietary fiber and contained in dairy products, are gaining interest in relation to their possible beneficial effects on neuropsychological disorders. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were used to investigate the effect of tributyrin (TB), a prodrug of BA, on hippocampus (HIP)-dependent spatial memory, HIP synaptic transmission and plasticity mechanisms, and the expression of genes and proteins relevant to HIP glutamatergic transmission. RESULTS Ex vivo studies, carried out in HIP slices, revealed that TB can transform early-LTP into late-LTP (l-LTP) and to rescue LTP-inhibition induced by scopolamine. The facilitation of l-LTP induced by TB was blocked both by GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist) and C-Compound (an AMPK inhibitor), suggesting the involvement of both PPARγ and AMPK on TB effects. Moreover, 48-hour intake of a diet containing 1% TB prevented, in adolescent but not in adult mice, scopolamine-induced impairment of HIP-dependent spatial memory. In the adolescent HIP, TB upregulated gene expression levels of Pparg, leptin, and adiponectin receptors, and that of the glutamate receptor subunits AMPA-2, NMDA-1, NMDA-2A, and NMDA-2B. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that TB has a positive influence on LTP and HIP-dependent spatial memory, which suggests that BA may have beneficial effects on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Sanz-Martos
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Correspondence: Nuria Del Olmo, PhD, Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, National University for Distance Education (UNED), C/ Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain ()
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5
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Zhang H, Han Y, Zhang L, Jia X, Niu Q. The GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling-Mediated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Pathway Is Involved in Aluminum-Induced Impairment of Hippocampal LTP In Vivo. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4635-4645. [PMID: 33462795 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects of aluminum (Al) are associated with the impairment of synaptic plasticity, the biological basis of learning and memory, the major form of which is long-term potentiation (LTP). The canonical glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway has been suggested to play important roles in memory. Thus, Al may affect LTP through this pathway. In this study, a Sprague-Dawley rat model of neurotoxicity was established through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of aluminum maltol (Al(mal)3), which was achieved by preimplantation of a cannula into the lateral ventricle. The rats in the control and Al-treated groups received a daily injection of SB216763, an inhibitor of GSK-3β. Electrophysiology and western blot analysis were used to investigate the regulatory effect of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling-mediated BDNF pathway on LTP impairment induced by Al(mal)3. The results confirmed that i.c.v. injection of Al(mal)3 significantly suppressed the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude, as indicated by a decrease in BDNF protein expression, which was accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in β-catenin protein expression and the phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9. Rats that received SB216763, a GSK-3β inhibitor, exhibited higher fEPSP amplitudes than control rats. Furthermore, SB216763 treatment upregulated the hippocampal protein expression of BDNF and β-catenin while increasing the ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β. From the perspective of the identified β-catenin-BDNF axis, Al impairs hippocampal LTP, possibly through the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling-mediated BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingchao Han
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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6
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Energy matters: presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 23:4-22. [PMID: 34782781 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ATP drives action potentials, supports synapse assembly and remodelling, and fuels synaptic vesicle filling and recycling, thus sustaining synaptic transmission. Given their polarized morphological features - including long axons and extensive branching in their terminal regions - neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining presynaptic energy homeostasis, particularly during intensive synaptic activity. Recent studies have started to uncover the mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in activity-dependent and energy-sensitive regulation of presynaptic energetics, or 'synaptoenergetics'. These conceptual advances have established the energetic regulation of synaptic efficacy and plasticity as an exciting research field that is relevant to a range of neurological disorders associated with bioenergetic failure and synaptic dysfunction.
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7
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Li S, Xiong GJ, Huang N, Sheng ZH. The cross-talk of energy sensing and mitochondrial anchoring sustains synaptic efficacy by maintaining presynaptic metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1077-1095. [PMID: 33020662 PMCID: PMC7572785 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria supply ATP essential for synaptic transmission. Neurons face exceptional challenges in maintaining energy homoeostasis at synapses. Regulation of mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring is critical for neurons to meet increased energy consumption during sustained synaptic activity. However, mechanisms recruiting and retaining presynaptic mitochondria in sensing synaptic ATP levels remain elusive. Here we reveal an energy signalling axis that controls presynaptic mitochondrial maintenance. Activity-induced presynaptic energy deficits can be rescued by recruiting mitochondria through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p21-activated kinase (PAK) energy signalling pathway. Synaptic activity induces AMPK activation within axonal compartments and AMPK-PAK signalling triggers phosphorylation of myosin VI, which drives mitochondrial recruitment and syntaphilin-mediated anchoring on presynaptic filamentous actin. This pathway maintains presynaptic energy supply and calcium clearance during intensive synaptic activity. Disrupting this signalling cross-talk triggers local energy deficits and intracellular calcium build-up, leading to impaired synaptic efficacy during trains of stimulation and reduced recovery from synaptic depression after prolonged synaptic activity. Our study reveals a mechanistic cross-talk between energy sensing and mitochondria anchoring to maintain presynaptic metabolism, thus fine-tuning short-term synaptic plasticity and prolonged synaptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ning Huang
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Ai H, Fang W, Hu H, Hu X, Lu W. Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Ameliorates Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice with Chronic Restraint Stress via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Aging Dis 2020; 11:31-43. [PMID: 32010479 PMCID: PMC6961762 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in modern society. However, traditional drugs, such as monoaminergic agents, have defect showing lag response requiring several weeks to months. Additionally, these drugs have limited efficacy and high resistance rates in patients with depression. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs or approaches for the treatment of depression. Here, using biochemical, pharmacological, genetic and behavioral methods, we demonstrate that metformin imparts a fast-acting antidepressant-like effect in naïve mice as well as stressed mice subjected to chronic restraint stress model. Moreover, inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity by compound C or knock down of hippocampal AMPKα occluded the antidepressant-like effect induced by metformin. Our results suggest that metformin may be a viable therapeutic drug for the treatment of stress-induced depression via activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ai
- 1Department of Physiology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqing Fang
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanyi Hu
- 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xupang Hu
- 4Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Lu
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Gharami K, Biswas SC. Glutamate treatment mimics LTP- and LTD-like biochemical activity in viable synaptosome preparation. Neurochem Int 2020; 134:104655. [PMID: 31899196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are considered to be the cellular mechanisms behind the increase or decrease of synaptic strength respectively. Electrophysiologically induced LTP/LTD is associated with the activation of glutamate receptors in the synaptic terminals resulting in the initiation of biochemical processes in the postsynaptic terminals and thus propagation of synaptic activity. Isolated nerve endings i.e. synaptosome preparation was used to study here, the biochemical phenotypes of LTP and LTD, and glutamate treatment in varying concentration for different time was used to induce those biochemical phenomena. Treatment with 200 μM glutamate showed increased GluA1 phosphorylation at serine 831 and activation of CaMKIIα by phosphorylation at threonine 286 like LTP, whereas 100 μM glutamate treatment showed decrease in GluA1 phosphorylation level at both pGluA1(S831) and pGluA1(S845), and activation of GSK3β by de-phosphorylating pGSK3β at serine 9 like LTD. The 200 μM glutamate treatment was associated with an increase in the local translation of Arc, BDNF, CaMKIIα and Homer1, whereas 100 μM glutamate treatments resulted in decrease in the level of the said synaptic proteins and the effect was blocked by the proteasomal inhibitor, Lactasystin. Both, the local translation and local degradation was sensitive to the Ca2+ chellator, Bapta-AM, indicating that both the phenomena were dependent on the rise in intra-synaptosomal Ca2+, like LTP and LTD. Overall the results of the present study suggest that synaptosomal preparations can be a viable alternative to study mechanisms underlying the biochemical activities of LTP/LTD in short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusumika Gharami
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Bloemer J, Pinky PD, Smith WD, Bhattacharya D, Chauhan A, Govindarajulu M, Hong H, Dhanasekaran M, Judd R, Amin RH, Reed MN, Suppiramaniam V. Adiponectin Knockout Mice Display Cognitive and Synaptic Deficits. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31824431 PMCID: PMC6886372 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine that has recently been under investigation for potential neuroprotective effects in various brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and depression. Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are found throughout various brain regions, including the hippocampus. However, the role of these receptors in synaptic and cognitive function is not clear. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to evaluate synaptic and cognitive function in the absence of adiponectin. The current study utilized 12-month-old adiponectin knockout (APN-KO) mice and age-matched controls to study cognitive and hippocampal synaptic alterations. We determined that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are present in the synaptosome, with AdipoR2 displaying increased presynaptic vs. postsynaptic localization, whereas AdipoR1 was enriched in both the presynaptic and postsynaptic fractions. APN-KO mice displayed cognitive deficits in the novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. This was mirrored by deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) of the hippocampal Schaefer collateral pathway in APN-KO mice. APN-KO mice also displayed a reduction in basal synaptic transmission and an increase in presynaptic release probability. Deficits in LTP were rescued through hippocampal slice incubation with the adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, indicating that acute alterations in adiponectin receptor signaling influence synaptic function. Along with the deficits in LTP, altered levels of key presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission were observed in APN-KO mice. Taken together, these results indicate that adiponectin is an important regulator of cognition and synaptic function in the hippocampus. Future studies should examine the role of specific adiponectin receptors in synaptic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Priyanka D. Pinky
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Warren D. Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Alisa Chauhan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh H. Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Miranda N. Reed
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Vishnu Suppiramaniam
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11
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Is Essential for the Maintenance of Energy Levels during Synaptic Activation. iScience 2018; 9:1-13. [PMID: 30368077 PMCID: PMC6203244 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brain accounts for only 2% of the total body mass, it consumes the most energy. Neuronal metabolism is tightly controlled, but it remains poorly understood how neurons meet their energy demands to sustain synaptic transmission. Here we provide evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal to sustain neuronal energy levels upon synaptic activation by adapting the rate of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, this metabolic plasticity is required for the expression of immediate-early genes, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. Important in this context, in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, dysregulation of AMPK impairs the metabolic response to synaptic activation and processes that are central to neuronal plasticity. Altogether, our data provide proof of concept that AMPK is an essential player in the regulation of neuroenergetic metabolic plasticity induced in response to synaptic activation and that its deregulation might lead to cognitive impairments. AMPK is rapidly activated following synaptic activation AMPK stimulates neuronal glycolysis and oxidative respiration, i.e., metabolic plasticity Metabolic plasticity ensures the expression of IEGs and long-term memory formation AMPK deregulation, as in Alzheimer disease, prevents metabolic plasticity response
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12
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Coppi E, Lana D, Cherchi F, Fusco I, Buonvicino D, Urru M, Ranieri G, Muzzi M, Iovino L, Giovannini MG, Pugliese AM, Chiarugi A. Dexpramipexole enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:306-316. [PMID: 30291939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Even though pharmacological approaches able to counteract age-dependent cognitive impairment have been highly investigated, drugs improving cognition and memory are still an unmet need. It has been hypothesized that sustaining energy dynamics within the aged hippocampus can boost memory storage by sustaining synaptic functioning and long term potentiation (LTP). Dexpramipexole (DEX) is the first-in-class compound able to sustain neuronal bioenergetics by interacting with mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase. In the present study, for the first time we evaluated the effects of DEX on synaptic fatigue, LTP induction, learning and memory retention. We report that DEX improved LTP maintenance in CA1 neurons of acute hippocampal slices from aged but not young rats. However, we found no evidence that DEX counteracted two classic parameters of synaptic fatigue such as fEPSP reduction or the train area during the high frequency stimulation adopted to induce LTP. Interestingly, patch-clamp recordings in rat hippocampal neurons revealed that DEX dose-dependently inhibited (IC50 814 nM) the IA current, a rapidly-inactivating K+ current that negatively regulates neuronal excitability as well as cognition and memory processes. In keeping with this, DEX counteracted both scopolamine-induced spatial memory loss in rats challenged in Morris Water Maze test and memory retention in rats undergoing Novel Object Recognition. Overall, the present study discloses the ability of DEX to boost hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. In light of the good safety profile of DEX in humans, our findings may have a realistic translational potential to treatment of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Urru
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ranieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
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Jiang XM, Wang WP, Liu ZH, Yin HJ, Ma H, Feng N, Wang L, Huang HH, Wang XL. 2-(4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate maleate-potentiated GABA A receptor response in hippocampal neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1231-1240. [PMID: 30039924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS 2-(4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate maleate (NMZM), a derivative of clomethiazole (CMZ), had been investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The beneficial effects of NMZM in AD included reversing cognitive deficit, improving learning and memory as well as neuroprotection. The pharmacological effects of NMZM on GABAA receptors were reported previously; however, the mechanisms were unclear and were explored therefore. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that NMZM improved learning and memory by alleviating scopolamine-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) suppression in the dentate gyrus of rats, indicating that NMZM had protective effects against scopolamine-induced depression of LTP. Next, we investigated the action of NMZM on GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons and the binding site of NMZM on GABAA receptors. NMZM directly activated GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons in a weak manner. However, NMZM could potentiate the response of GABAA receptors to GABA and NMZM positively modulated GABAA receptors with an EC50 value of 465 μmol/L at 3 μmol/L GABA while this potentiation at low concentration of GABA (1, 3 μmol/L) was more significant than that at high concentration (10, 30 μmol/L). In addition, NMZM could enhance GABA currents after using diazepam and pentobarbital, the positive modulators of GABAA receptors. NMZM could not affect the etomidate-potentiated GABAA current. It suggested that the binding site of NMZM on GABAA receptors is the same as etomidate. CONCLUSIONS These results provided support for the neuroprotective effect of NMZM, which was partly dependent on the potentiation of GABAA receptors. The etomidate binding site might be a new target for neuronal protection and for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Facilitation of hippocampal long-term potentiation and reactivation of latent HIV-1 via AMPK activation: Common mechanism of action linking learning, memory, and the potential eradication of HIV-1. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Xia ZX, Shen ZC, Zhang SQ, Wang J, Nie TL, Deng Q, Chen JG, Wang F, Wu PF. De-palmitoylation by N-(tert-Butyl) hydroxylamine inhibits AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission via affecting receptor distribution in postsynaptic densities. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:187-199. [PMID: 29911316 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Palmitoylation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) subunits or their "scaffold" proteins produce opposite effects on AMPAR surface delivery. Considering AMPARs have long been identified as suitable drug targets for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, targeting palmitoylation signaling to regulate AMPAR function emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy. However, until now, much less is known about the effect of palmitoylation-deficient state on AMPAR function. Herein, we set out to determine the effect of global de-palmitoylation on AMPAR surface expression and its function, using a special chemical tool, N-(tert-Butyl) hydroxylamine (NtBuHA). METHODS BS3 protein cross-linking, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, patch clamp, and biotin switch assay. RESULTS Bath application of NtBuHA (1.0 mM) reduced global palmitoylated proteins in the hippocampus of mice. Although NtBuHA (1.0 mM) did not affect the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits, it preferentially decreased the surface expression of AMPARs, not N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Notably, NtBuHA (1.0 mM) reduces AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the hippocampus. This effect may be largely due to the de-palmitoylation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and protein kinase A-anchoring proteins, both of which stabilized AMPAR synaptic delivery. Furthermore, we found that changing PSD95 palmitoylation by NtBuHA altered the association of PSD95 with stargazin, which interacted directly with AMPARs, but not NMDARs. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the palmitoylation-deficient state initiated by NtBuHA preferentially reduces AMPAR function, which may potentially be used for the treatment of CNS disorders, especially infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tai-Lei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative-Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative-Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China
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Finley J. Transposable elements, placental development, and oocyte activation: Cellular stress and AMPK links jumping genes with the creation of human life. Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:44-54. [PMID: 30037614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs), also known as "jumping genes", are DNA sequences first described by Nobel laureate Barbara McClintock that comprise nearly half of the human genome and are able to transpose or move from one genomic location to another. As McClintock also noted that a genome "shock" or stress may induce TE activation and transposition, accumulating evidence suggests that cellular stress (e.g. mediated by increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species [ROS] and calcium [Ca2+], etc.) induces TE mobilization in several model organisms and L1s (a member of the retrotransposon class of TEs) are active and capable of retrotransposition in human oocytes, human sperm, and in human neural progenitor cells. Cellular stress also plays a critical role in human placental development, with cytotrophoblast (CTB) differentiation leading to the formation of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), a cellular layer that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the fetus. Syncytin-1, a protein that promotes fusion of CTB cells and is necessary for STB formation, and its receptor is found in human sperm and human oocytes, respectively, and increases in ROS and Ca2+ promote trophoblast differentiation and syncytin-1 expression. Cellular stress is also essential in promoting human oocyte maturation and activation which, similar to TE mobilization, can be induced by compounds that increase intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels. AMPK is a master metabolic regulator activated by increases in ROS, Ca2+, and/or an AMP(ADP)/ATP ratio increase, etc. as well as compounds that induce L1 mobilization in human cells. AMPK knockdown inhibits trophoblast differentiation and AMPK-activating compounds that promote L1 mobility also enhance trophoblast differentiation. Cellular stressors that induce TE mobilization (e.g. heat shock) also promote oocyte maturation in an AMPK-dependent manner and the antibiotic ionomycin activates AMPK, promotes TE activation, and induces human oocyte activation, producing normal, healthy children. Metformin promotes AMPK-dependent telomerase activation (critical for telomere maintenance) and induces activation of the endonuclease RAG1 (promotes DNA cleavage and transposition) via AMPK. Both RAG1 and telomerase are derived from TEs. It is our hypothesis that cellular stress and AMPK links TE activation and transposition with placental development and oocyte activation, facilitating both human genome evolution and the creation of all human life. We also propose the novel observation that various cellular stress-inducing compounds (e.g. metformin, resveratrol, etc.) may facilitate beneficial TE activation and transposition and enhance fertilization and embryological development through a common mechanism of AMPK activation.
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