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Zhang L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Shi J, Yu H, Zhang X. eDNA biomonitoring revealed the ecological effects of water diversion projects between Yangtze River and Tai Lake. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:117994. [PMID: 34974345 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water diversion has been widely used to address water shortages and security issues. However, its long-term ecological impacts, particularly on the biodiversity and structure of the local community, have often been neglected due to limitations of conventional biomonitoring. Taking the water diversion projects from Yangtze River to Tai Lake (WDYT) as examples, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was used to investigate the potential ecological impact of water diversion on the connected basins. Firstly, 136 phytoplankton genera/species, including 31 cyanobacteria and 105 eukaryotic phytoplankton (Euk-phytoplankton), were identified from 26 sites by metabarcoding of 16S rDNA V3 and 18S rDNA V9 regions. eDNA metabarcoding showed an obvious advantage in detecting nano/pico-plankton (< 20 μm in size) compared with the morphological approach. Secondly, more shared taxa and higher similarity of community composition were observed in Gonghu Bay/Zhushan Bay with its connected river than with the center of Tai Lake, indicating that water diversions were accelerating the biotic homogenization between different waterbodies. Skeletonema potamos, the native species of Yangtze River (4.04% of the total Euk-phytoplankton reads) was detected in different connecting regions of Tai Lake (0.03%-0.54% of the total Euk-phytoplankton reads), where its relative abundance was consistent with the influence of water diversion from Yangtze River. Furthermore, the introduction of S. potamos significantly affected the local community compositions of phytoplankton in Tai Lake. Finally, the ecological effect (e.g., taxa richness, community composition and species invasion) of the WDYT on phytoplankton in the west of Tai Lake was more significant than that in the east, which was consistent with the scale (volume and duration) of the water diversion projects. Overall, this study highlights the value of eDNA biomonitoring in the ecological impact assessment of water transfer projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China
| | - Junzhe Shi
- Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214121, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Sowersby W, Cerca J, Wong BBM, Lehtonen TK, Chapple DG, Leal-Cardín M, Barluenga M, Ravinet M. Pervasive admixture and the spread of a large-lipped form in a cichlid fish radiation. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5551-5571. [PMID: 34418206 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiations have proven important for understanding the mechanisms and processes underlying biological diversity. The convergence of form and function, as well as admixture and adaptive introgression, are common in adaptive radiations. However, distinguishing between these two scenarios remains a challenge for evolutionary research. The Midas cichlid species complex (Amphilophus spp.) is a prime example of adaptive radiation, with phenotypic diversification occurring at various stages of genetic differentiation. One species, A. labiatus, has large fleshy lips, is associated with rocky lake substrates, and occurs patchily within Lakes Nicaragua and Managua. By contrast, the similar, but thin-lipped, congener, A. citrinellus, is more common and widespread. We investigated the evolutionary history of the large-lipped form, specifically regarding whether the trait has evolved independently in both lakes from ancestral thin-lipped populations, or via dispersal and/or admixture events. We collected samples from distinct locations in both lakes, and assessed differences in morphology and ecology. Using RAD-seq, we genotyped thousands of SNPs to measure population structure and divergence, demographic history, and admixture. We found significant between-species differences in ecology and morphology, local intraspecific differences in body shape and trophic traits, but only limited intraspecific variation in lip shape. Despite clear ecological differences, our genomic approach uncovered pervasive admixture between the species and low genomic differentiation, with species within lakes being genetically more similar than species between lakes. Taken together, our results suggest a single origin of large-lips, followed by pervasive admixture and adaptive introgression, with morphology being driven by local ecological opportunities, despite ongoing gene-flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Sowersby
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biology, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - José Cerca
- Frontiers of Evolutionary Zoology Research Group, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Topi K Lehtonen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariana Leal-Cardín
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Ravinet
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Fishing with Pesticides Affects River Fisheries and Community Health in the Indio Maíz Biological Reserve, Nicaragua. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122310152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The practice of harvesting fish and crustaceans by using pesticides is understudied and under-reported in tropical inland fisheries yet poses a significant threat to freshwater biodiversity and community health. This research provides a brief review of the practice and an in-depth case study from southeast Nicaragua. In 2019, 86 interviews and 5 focus groups were conducted in remote communities in the Indio Maíz Biological Reserve (IMBR) and nearby surrounding area and combined with 4 years of local Indigenous Rama and Afrodescendent Kriol community forest ranger data. Forest rangers and 74% of interviewees reported that fishing with pesticides occurs in their communities, including both inside the IMBR and in the nearby surrounding area. The practice is primarily used by illegal settlers, and not by Rama and Kriol communities who have rights to the land in the IMBR. It entails the release of liquid pesticides in water or mixing powdered pesticides with corn flour and using the mixture as bait. Of seven chemicals reported, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, and Aluminum Phosphide were most common. The use of ichthyotoxic woody plants was more rarely reported. Habitats targeted ranged from swift headwaters to slow pools in small creeks to larger rivers, depending on target species. Main uses reported for the catch were food for family, bait to catch larger fish, and for sale. The main motivation was increased catch efficiency. Many interviewees attributed stomach issues, diarrhea, cough, convulsions, and miscarriage to exposure to poisoned river water. Twenty-five interviewees blamed poisoned rivers for livestock miscarriages or death. Severe local losses of fish and shrimp populations were reported. Rama and Kriol interviewees describe the practice as a threat to their river-based food security. Despite its illegality, no study participant knew a case of pesticide fishing that had been prosecuted. This destructive fishing practice has significant implications for conservation of the intact river systems of the primary rainforests of southeast Nicaragua, and to the local traditional fisheries they support.
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Daga VS, Azevedo-Santos VM, Pelicice FM, Fearnside PM, Perbiche-Neves G, Paschoal LRP, Cavallari DC, Erickson J, Ruocco AMC, Oliveira I, Padial AA, Vitule JRS. Water diversion in Brazil threatens biodiversity. AMBIO 2020; 49:165-172. [PMID: 31030418 PMCID: PMC6888777 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Construction of water diversions is a common response to the increasing demands for freshwater, often resulting in benefits to communities but with the risk of multiple environmental, economic, and social impacts. Water-diversion projects can favor massive introductions and accelerate biotic homogenization. This study provides empirical evidence on the consequences of a proposed law intended to divert water from two large and historically isolated river basins in Brazil: Tocantins to São Francisco. Compositional similarity (CS) and β-diversity were quantified encompassing aquatic organisms: mollusks, zooplankton, crustaceans, insects, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and plants. For CS we (i) considered only native species, and (ii) simulated the introduction of non-natives and assumed the extinction of threatened species due to this water-diversion project. We highlight the environmental risks of such large-scale projects, which are expected to cause impacts on biodiversity linked to bioinvasion and homogenization, and we recommend alternatives in order to solve water-demand conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. Daga
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-970 Brazil
| | - Valter M. Azevedo-Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Fernando M. Pelicice
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Porto Nacional, Tocantins 77500-000 Brazil
| | - Philip M. Fearnside
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas 69067-375 Brazil
| | - Gilmar Perbiche-Neves
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Lucas R. P. Paschoal
- Laboratório de Hidrobiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Passos, Minas Gerais 37900-106 Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Cavallari
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901 Brazil
| | - José Erickson
- Laboratório de Genética e Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29075-910 Brazil
| | - Ana M. C. Ruocco
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Igor Oliveira
- Laboratório de Etnociências, Centro de Educação e Letras, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre 69980-000 Brazil
| | - André A. Padial
- Laboratório de Análise e Síntese em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-970 Brazil
| | - Jean R. S. Vitule
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LEC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-970 Brazil
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