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Németh A, Mizsei E, Laczkó L, Czabán D, Hegyeli Z, Lengyel S, Csorba G, Sramkó G. Evolutionary history and systematics of European blind mole rats (Rodentia: Spalacidae: Nannospalax): Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation in a puzzling group. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107958. [PMID: 37914032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Species delimitation is a powerful approach to assist taxonomic decisions in challenging taxa where species boundaries are hard to establish. European taxa of the blind mole rats (genus Nannospalax) display small morphological differences and complex chromosomal evolution at a shallow evolutionary divergence level. Previous analyses led to the recognition of 25 'forms' in their distribution area. We provide a comprehensive framework to improve knowledge on the evolutionary history and revise the taxonomy of European blind mole rats based on samples from all but three of the 25 forms. We sequenced two nuclear-encoded genetic regions and the whole mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for phylogenetic tree reconstructions using concatenation and coalescence-based species-tree estimations. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Aegean N. insularis belongs to N. superspecies xanthodon, and that it represents the second known species of this superspecies in Europe. Mainland taxa reached Europe from Asia Minor in two colonisation events corresponding to two superspecies-level taxa: N. superspecies monticola (taxon established herewith) reached Europe c. 2.1 million years ago (Mya) and was followed by N. superspecies leucodon (re-defined herewith) c. 1.5 Mya. Species delimitation allowed the clarification of the taxonomic contents of the above superspecies. N. superspecies monticola contains three species geographically confined to the western periphery of the distribution of blind mole rats, whereas N. superspecies leucodon is more speciose with six species and several additional subspecies. The observed geographic pattern hints at a robust peripatric speciation process and rapid chromosomal evolution. The present treatment is thus regarded as the minimum taxonomic content of each lineage, which can be further refined based on other sources of information such as karyological traits, crossbreeding experiments, etc. The species delimitation models also allowed the recognition of a hitherto unnamed blind mole rat taxon from Albania, described here as a new subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Németh
- Department of Nature Conservation, Zoology and Game Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi u. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; BirdLife Hungary - Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society, Költő u. 21, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edvárd Mizsei
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; DRI Conservation Ecology Research Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem tér 18/C, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Laczkó
- Evolutionary Genomics Research Group, Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Conservation Biology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Hegyeli
- Milvus Group Bird and Nature Protection Association, Crinului St. 22, 540343 Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Szabolcs Lengyel
- DRI Conservation Ecology Research Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bem tér 18/C, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csorba
- Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u. 13, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Sramkó
- Evolutionary Genomics Research Group, Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Conservation Biology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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2
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Stuart KC, Sherwin WB, Edwards RJ, Rollins LA. Evolutionary genomics: Insights from the invasive European starlings. Front Genet 2023; 13:1010456. [PMID: 36685843 PMCID: PMC9845568 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two fundamental questions for evolutionary studies are the speed at which evolution occurs, and the way that this evolution may present itself within an organism's genome. Evolutionary studies on invasive populations are poised to tackle some of these pressing questions, including understanding the mechanisms behind rapid adaptation, and how it facilitates population persistence within a novel environment. Investigation of these questions are assisted through recent developments in experimental, sequencing, and analytical protocols; in particular, the growing accessibility of next generation sequencing has enabled a broader range of taxa to be characterised. In this perspective, we discuss recent genetic findings within the invasive European starlings in Australia, and outline some critical next steps within this research system. Further, we use discoveries within this study system to guide discussion of pressing future research directions more generally within the fields of population and evolutionary genetics, including the use of historic specimens, phenotypic data, non-SNP genetic variants (e.g., structural variants), and pan-genomes. In particular, we emphasise the need for exploratory genomics studies across a range of invasive taxa so we can begin understanding broad mechanisms that underpin rapid adaptation in these systems. Understanding how genetic diversity arises and is maintained in a population, and how this contributes to adaptability, requires a deep understanding of how evolution functions at the molecular level, and is of fundamental importance for the future studies and preservation of biodiversity across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina C. Stuart
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Katarina C. Stuart,
| | - William B. Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J. Edwards
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Toro-Delgado E, Hernández-Roldán J, Dincă V, Vicente JC, Shaw MR, Quicke DL, Vodă R, Albrecht M, Fernández-Triana J, Vidiella B, Valverde S, Dapporto L, Hebert PDN, Talavera G, Vila R. Butterfly–parasitoid–hostplant interactions in Western Palaearctic Hesperiidae: a DNA barcoding reference library. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The study of ecological interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies is an essential but challenging component for understanding ecosystem dynamics. Molecular methods such as DNA barcoding can help elucidate these interactions. In this study, we employed DNA barcoding to establish hostplant and parasitoid interactions with hesperiid butterflies, using a complete reference library for Hesperiidae of continental Europe and north-western Africa (53 species, 100% of those recorded) based on 2934 sequences from 38 countries. A total of 233 hostplant and parasitoid interactions are presented, some recovered by DNA barcoding larval remains or parasitoid cocoons. Combining DNA barcode results with other lines of evidence allowed 94% species-level identification for Hesperiidae, but success was lower for parasitoids, in part due to unresolved taxonomy. Potential cases of cryptic diversity, both in Hesperiidae and Microgastrinae, are discussed. We briefly analyse the resulting interaction networks. Future DNA barcoding initiatives in this region should focus attention on north-western Africa and on parasitoids, because in these cases barcode reference libraries and taxonomy are less well developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Hernández-Roldán
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF) , 03008 Barcelona , Spain
- Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , c/ Darwin, 2, ES - 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, University of Oulu , 90014 Oulu , Finland
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | - Mark R Shaw
- National Museums of Scotland , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Donald Lj Quicke
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Blai Vidiella
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica , Edifici C , Campus de Bellaterra, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sergi Valverde
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF) , 03008 Barcelona , Spain
- European Centre for Living Technology , Venice , Italy
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Florence , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona , Passeig del Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF) , 03008 Barcelona , Spain
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Luo MX, Lu HP, Huang BH, Huang CL, Hsu YF, Liao PC. Local adaptation and migratory habits balance spatial-genetic structure between continental and insular chestnut tiger butterflies in East Asia. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:1864-1878. [PMID: 35067991 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geographic and climatic differences between islands and continents may affect the evolution of their biota, and promote divergent selection in species distributed in both landscapes. To assess spatial-genetic structure, we genotyped 18 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci and sequenced two mtDNA markers (ND5 and COI) and one nuclear marker (EF1α) in two subspecies of the butterfly Parantica sita. Compared with nuclear markers, mtDNA had a stronger signal of population structure. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) suggested that a continuous-gene-flow model best described the data. According to this model, the two subspecies diverged approximately 23.1 kya, with ten times more introgression from the continental (ssp. sita) to the insular subspecies (ssp. niphonica) than vice versa. Ecological niche modeling was performed to predict the paleo- and current potential distributions and elucidate the geohistorical process, which revealed a northeastern, insular origin. Winter precipitation and annual temperature range were the main determinants of the subspecies distributions. Maximum-likelihood population-effects models showed that the population differentiation of the insular and continental subspecies was primarily affected by environmental resistance and local climate. Sex-biased migration capacity and long-term precipitation-driven divergence between the continental and insular lineages shaped the current genetic structure of P. sita. Evidence from the nuclear markers confirmed inter-subspecific gene flow despite adaptive divergence between the subspecies. These results imply that the continental subspecies is still capable of returning to the island and introgressing with the insular subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Xin Luo
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Lu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Huang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116059, Taiwan
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Rutins I, Schannauer S, Orellana S, Laukhuff H, Lang E, Becker T, McKinney E, Thomas K, Tilden V, Swartz M, Blair JE. Genetic Diversity and Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) Prevalence Within a Remnant Population of Regal Fritillary, Argynnis idalia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in South-Central Pennsylvania. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 35172009 PMCID: PMC8849233 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eastern populations of the North American regal fritillary, Argynnis idalia Drury (1773), have been largely extirpated over the past half century. Here we report on the last remaining population of eastern regal fritillaries, located within a military installation in south-central Pennsylvania. Samples were obtained from field specimens during two years of annual monitoring, and from females collected for captive rearing over a five year period. Nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial sequence data do not suggest subdivision within this population, but excess nuclear homozygosity indicates negative impacts on genetic diversity likely due to small population size and potential inbreeding effects. Molecular assays did not detect Wolbachia endosymbionts in field specimens of regal fritillary, but sympatric Argynnis sister species showed high prevalence of Wolbachia infected individuals. Our results inform ongoing conservation and reintroduction projects, designed to protect the last remaining regal fritillary population from extirpation in the eastern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilga Rutins
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Sarah Schannauer
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Sharil Orellana
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Harrison Laukhuff
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Eric Lang
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | - Timothy Becker
- ZooAmerica North American Wildlife Park, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Erika McKinney
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Annville, PA 17003, USA
| | - Kayli Thomas
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Annville, PA 17003, USA
| | - Virginia Tilden
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Annville, PA 17003, USA
| | - Mark Swartz
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Annville, PA 17003, USA
| | - Jaime E Blair
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
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6
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D'Ercole J, Dincă V, Opler PA, Kondla N, Schmidt C, Phillips JD, Robbins R, Burns JM, Miller SE, Grishin N, Zakharov EV, DeWaard JR, Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. A DNA barcode library for the butterflies of North America. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11157. [PMID: 33976967 PMCID: PMC8061581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the butterflies of North America have received considerable taxonomic attention, overlooked species and instances of hybridization continue to be revealed. The present study assembles a DNA barcode reference library for this fauna to identify groups whose patterns of sequence variation suggest the need for further taxonomic study. Based on 14,626 records from 814 species, DNA barcodes were obtained for 96% of the fauna. The maximum intraspecific distance averaged 1/4 the minimum distance to the nearest neighbor, producing a barcode gap in 76% of the species. Most species (80%) were monophyletic, the others were para- or polyphyletic. Although 15% of currently recognized species shared barcodes, the incidence of such taxa was far higher in regions exposed to Pleistocene glaciations than in those that were ice-free. Nearly 10% of species displayed high intraspecific variation (>2.5%), suggesting the need for further investigation to assess potential cryptic diversity. Aside from aiding the identification of all life stages of North American butterflies, the reference library has provided new perspectives on the incidence of both cryptic and potentially over-split species, setting the stage for future studies that can further explore the evolutionary dynamics of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo D'Ercole
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul A Opler
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | | | - Christian Schmidt
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarrett D Phillips
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Robbins
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - John M Burns
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Scott E Miller
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Nick Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Evgeny V Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy R DeWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul D N Hebert
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Dincă V, Dapporto L, Somervuo P, Vodă R, Cuvelier S, Gascoigne-Pees M, Huemer P, Mutanen M, Hebert PDN, Vila R. High resolution DNA barcode library for European butterflies reveals continental patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:315. [PMID: 33750912 PMCID: PMC7943782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of global biodiversity will greatly benefit from access to comprehensive DNA barcode libraries at continental scale, but such datasets are still very rare. Here, we assemble the first high-resolution reference library for European butterflies that provides 97% taxon coverage (459 species) and 22,306 COI sequences. We estimate that we captured 62% of the total haplotype diversity and show that most species possess a few very common haplotypes and many rare ones. Specimens in the dataset have an average 95.3% probability of being correctly identified. Mitochondrial diversity displayed elevated haplotype richness in southern European refugia, establishing the generality of this key biogeographic pattern for an entire taxonomic group. Fifteen percent of the species are involved in barcode sharing, but two thirds of these cases may reflect the need for further taxonomic research. This dataset provides a unique resource for conservation and for studying evolutionary processes, cryptic species, phylogeography, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), 03008, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leonardo Dapporto
- ZEN lab, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sylvain Cuvelier
- VVE Workgroup Butterflies, Diamantstraat 4, 8900, Ieper, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Huemer
- Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Tiroler Landesmuseen, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), 03008, Barcelona, Spain
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Minter M, Dasmahapatra KK, Thomas CD, Morecroft MD, Tonhasca A, Schmitt T, Siozios S, Hill JK. Past, current, and potential future distributions of unique genetic diversity in a cold-adapted mountain butterfly. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11155-11168. [PMID: 33144956 PMCID: PMC7593187 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Climatic changes throughout the Pleistocene have strongly modified species distributions. We examine how these range shifts have affected the genetic diversity of a montane butterfly species and whether the genetic diversity in the extant populations is threatened by future climate change. LOCATION Europe. TAXON Erebia epiphron Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae. METHODS We analyzed mtDNA to map current genetic diversity and differentiation of E. epiphron across Europe to identify population refugia and postglacial range shifts. We used species distribution modeling (SDM) to hindcast distributions over the last 21,000 years to identify source locations of extant populations and to project distributions into the future (2070) to predict potential losses in genetic diversity. RESULTS We found substantial genetic diversity unique to specific regions within Europe (total number of haplotypes = 31, number of unique haplotypes = 27, H d = 0.9). Genetic data and SDM hindcasting suggest long-term separation and survival of discrete populations. Particularly, high rates of unique diversity in postglacially colonized sites in England (H d = 0.64) suggest this population was colonized from a now extinct cryptic refugium. Under future climate change, SDMs predict loss of climate suitability for E. epiphron, particularly at lower elevations (<1,000 meters above sea level) equating to 1 to 12 unique haplotypes being at risk under climate scenarios projecting 1°C and 2-3°C increases respectfully in global temperature by 2070. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that historical range expansion and retraction processes by a cold-adapted mountain species caused diversification between populations, resulting in unique genetic diversity which may be at risk if distributions of cold-adapted species shrink in future. Assisted colonizations of individuals from at-risk populations into climatically suitable unoccupied habitat might help conserve unique genetic diversity, and translocations into remaining populations might increase their genetic diversity and hence their ability to adapt to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Minter
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Chris D. Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | | | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches InstitutMünchebergGermany
| | - Stefanos Siozios
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Jane K. Hill
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene BiodiversityDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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9
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Butterfly Conservation in China: From Science to Action. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100661. [PMID: 32992975 PMCID: PMC7600441 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
About 10% of the Earth's butterfly species inhabit the highly diverse ecosystems of China. Important for the ecological, economic, and cultural services they provide, many butterfly species experience threats from land use shifts and climate change. China has recently adopted policies to protect the nation's biodiversity resources. This essay examines the current management of butterflies in China and suggests various easily implementable actions that could improve these conservation efforts. Our recommendations are based on the observations of a transdisciplinary group of entomologists and environmental policy specialists. Our analysis draws on other successful examples around the world that China may wish to consider. China needs to modify its scientific methodologies behind butterfly conservation management: revising the criteria for listing protected species, focusing on umbrella species for broader protection, identifying high priority areas and refugia for conservation, among others. Rural and urban land uses that provide heterogeneous habitats, as well as butterfly host and nectar plants, must be promoted. Butterfly ranching and farming may also provide opportunities for sustainable community development. Many possibilities exist for incorporating observations of citizen scientists into butterfly data collection at broad spatial and temporal scales. Our recommendations further the ten Priority Areas of China's National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030).
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10
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Patzold F, Zilli A, Hundsdoerfer AK. Advantages of an easy-to-use DNA extraction method for minimal-destructive analysis of collection specimens. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235222. [PMID: 32639972 PMCID: PMC7343169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present and justify an approach for minimal-destructive DNA extraction from historic insect specimens for next generation sequencing applications. An increasing number of studies use insects from museum collections for biodiversity research. However, the availability of specimens for molecular analyses has been limited by the degraded nature of the DNA gained from century-old museum material and the consumptive nature of most DNA extraction procedures. The method described in this manuscript enabled us to successfully extract DNA from specimens as old as 241 years using a minimal-destructive approach. The direct comparison of the DNeasy extraction Kit and the Monarch® PCR & DNA Clean-up Kit showed a significant increase of 17.3-fold higher DNA yield extracted with the Monarch Oligo protocol on average. By using an extraction protocol originally designed for oligonucleotide clean-up, we were able to combine overcoming the restrictions by target fragment size and strand state, with minimising time consumption and labour-intensity. The type specimens used for the minimal-destructive DNA extraction exhibited no significant external change or post-extraction damage, while sufficient DNA was retrieved for analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Patzold
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Zilli
- Division Insects, Department Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Hundsdoerfer
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Recently lost connectivity in the Western Palaearctic steppes: the case of a scarce specialist butterfly. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Yang H, Leng X, Du H, Luo J, Wu J, Wei Q. Adjusting the Prerelease Gut Microbial Community by Diet Training to Improve the Postrelease Fitness of Captive-Bred Acipenser dabryanus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:488. [PMID: 32373077 PMCID: PMC7186344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important tool for biodiversity restoration and endangered species conservation, reintroduction has been implemented worldwide. In reintroduction projects, prerelease conditioning could effectively increase postrelease fitness and survival by improving animals’ adaptation to transformation from artificial to natural environments. However, how early-life diet training affects individuals’ adaptation, fitness, and survival after release remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that early-life diet training would adjust the host’s gut microbial community, the gut microbial community would influence the host’s diet preference, and the host’s diet preference would impact its adaptation to diet provision transformation and then determine postrelease fitness and survival. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the growth characteristics and gut microbes of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) trained with natural and formula diets at both the prerelease and postrelease stages. The results showed that (1) the gut microbial communities of the individuals trained with a natural diet (i.e., natural diet group) and formula diet (i.e., formula diet group) evolved to the optimal status for their corresponding diet provisions, (2) the individuals in the natural diet group paid a lower cost (i.e., changed their gut microbial communities less) during diet transformation and release into the natural environment than did the individuals in the formula diet group, and (3) the gut microbes in the natural diet group better supported postrelease fitness and survival than did the gut microbes in the formula diet group. The results indicated that better prerelease diet training with more appropriate training diets and times could improve the reintroduction of Yangtze sturgeon by adjusting the prerelease gut microbial community. Because a relationship between diet (preference) and gut microbes is common in animals from insects (such as Drosophila melanogaster) to mammals (such as Homo sapiens), our hypothesis verified by the case study on Yangtze sturgeon applies to other animals. We therefore encourage future studies to identify optimal training diets and times for each species to best adjust its prerelease gut microbial community and then improve its postrelease fitness and survival in reintroduction projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Leng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Hidden Genetic Variability, Can the Olive Moth Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae or Praydidae?) be a Species' Complex? INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040204. [PMID: 32225064 PMCID: PMC7240722 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prays oleae is the second most important pest in Mediterranean olive groves, causing substantial damage on olive production. We used mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5)] and nuclear [ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5)] amplicons to assess the population variability in five main olive producing regions from Tunisia, to support or dismiss the existence of two non-monophyletic groups within the species, as found within Portugal. Our phylogenetic analysis with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) indeed displayed two distinct and well-supported clades of P. oleae, which were corroborated by the haplotype network reconstructed with both mitochondrial and nuclear amplicons. We were also able to dismiss the hypothesis that one of the clades would not develop on olive fruits. No correlation was observed between clades differentiation and geographic distribution. The existence of cryptic species can impact on the management of agroecosystems and on the perception of how these moths responds to environmental changes.
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Wolbachia and Cardinium infection found in threatened unionid species: a new concern for conservation of freshwater mussels? CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEndosymbiotic bacterial species that manipulate host biology, reproduction and mitochondrial genetic diversity have been identified in many metazoans, especially terrestrial arthropods. Until now, the hypothesis that Wolbachia or other bacterial endosymbiont might be absent in mollusks has remained unexplored. We present here preliminary data on bacterial communities in a freshwater mussel Unio crassus—species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mtDNA (DUI). Next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA bacterial gene fragment allowed to identify endosymbiotic Cardinium and sequences that were classified to the order Rickettsiales. Finally, we discovered Wolbachia and confirmed Cardinium infection of Unio crassus using bacterial species-specific primers. Discovering Wolbachia and Cardinium infections in Unio crassus opens new opportunities of further investigations in the second largest animal phylum on Earth, very diversified phylogenetically, widespread geographically and inhabiting many environs, including freshwater, inhabited by the most threatened molluscan species. Considering the problems caused by endosymbionts identified in arthropods, the presence of endosymbiotic factor implies possibility of their influence on taxonomy of threatened unionids, on the results of studies of genetic diversity and proper conservation planning.
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15
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Dincă V, Lee KM, Vila R, Mutanen M. The conundrum of species delimitation: a genomic perspective on a mitogenetically super-variable butterfly. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191311. [PMID: 31530141 PMCID: PMC6784721 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Palaearctic butterfly Melitaea didyma stands out as one of the most striking cases of intraspecific genetic differentiation detected in Lepidoptera: 11 partially sympatric mitochondrial lineages have been reported, displaying levels of divergence of up to 7.4%. To better understand the evolutionary processes underlying the diversity observed in mtDNA, we compared mtDNA and genome-wide SNP data using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) results from 93 specimens of M. didyma ranging from Morocco to eastern Kazakhstan. We found that, between ddRADseq and mtDNA results, there is a match only in populations that probably remained allopatric for long periods of time. Other mtDNA lineages may have resulted from introgression events and were probably affected by Wolbachia infection. The five main ddRADseq clades supported by STRUCTURE were parapatric or allopatric and showed high pairwise FST values, but some were also estimated to display various levels of gene flow. Melitaea didyma represents one of the first cases of deep mtDNA splits among European butterflies assessed by a genome-wide DNA analysis and reveals that the interpretation of patterns remains challenging even when a high amount of genomic data is available. These findings actualize the ongoing debate of species delimitation in allopatry, an issue probably of relevance to a significant proportion of global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Dincă
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Dapporto L, Cini A, Vodă R, Dincă V, Wiemers M, Menchetti M, Magini G, Talavera G, Shreeve T, Bonelli S, Casacci LP, Balletto E, Scalercio S, Vila R. Integrating three comprehensive data sets shows that mitochondrial DNA variation is linked to species traits and paleogeographic events in European butterflies. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:1623-1636. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Cini
- Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Firenze Firenze Italy
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
| | - Raluca Vodă
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Vlad Dincă
- Department of Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Martin Wiemers
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut Müncheberg Germany
- Department of Community Ecology UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Halle Germany
| | - Mattia Menchetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Firenze Firenze Italy
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - Giulia Magini
- Dipartimento di Biologia dell'Università di Firenze Firenze Italy
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
| | - Tim Shreeve
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Environment and Conservation Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Luca Pietro Casacci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
- Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Emilio Balletto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Stefano Scalercio
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria Centro di Ricerca Foreste e Legno Rende Italy
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Barcelona Spain
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17
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Smith CT, Von Bargen J, DeHaan PW, Scheerer P, Meeuwig MH. Genetic structure and the history of chub in the Alvord Basin. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Bartonova A, Konvicka M, Korb S, Kramp K, Schmitt T, Faltynek Fric Z. Range dynamics of Palaearctic steppe species under glacial cycles: the phylogeography of Proterebia afra (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Bartonova
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branisovska, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Konvicka
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branisovska, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Korb
- Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
| | - Katja Kramp
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institut Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institut Müncheberg, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Zdenek Faltynek Fric
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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