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Ticktin T, McGuigan A, Alo F, Balick MJ, Boraks A, Sam C, Doro T, Dovo P, Ibanez T, Naikatini A, Ranker TA, Tuiwawa MV, Wahe JP, Plunkett GM. High resilience of Pacific Island forests to a category- 5 cyclone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170973. [PMID: 38365026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Assessing how forests respond to, and recuperate from, cyclones is critical to understanding forest dynamics and planning for the impacts of climate change. Projected increases in the intensity and frequency of severe cyclones can threaten both forests and forest-dependent communities. The Pacific Islands are subject to frequent low-intensity cyclones, but there is little information on the effects of high intensity cyclones, or on how forest stewardship practices may affect outcomes. We assess the resistance and resilience of forests in three community-stewarded sites on the island of Tanna, Vanuatu, to the wind-related effects of 2015 Category-5 Cyclone Pam, one of the most intense cyclones to make landfall globally. Drawing on transect data established pre-and post-cyclone, we (1) test whether windspeed and tree structural traits predict survival and damage intensity, and whether this varies across sites; (2) assess post-cyclone regeneration of canopy, ground cover, seedlings, and saplings, and how community composition shifts over time and across sites. In sites that sustained a direct hit, 88 % of trees were defoliated, 34 % sustained severe damage, and immediate mortality was 13 %. Initial mortality, but not severe damage, was lower in areas that received an indirect hit and had lower windspeed. Larger trees and those with lighter wood had a higher probability of uprooting and snapping, respectively. Canopy and ground cover regenerated within three years and seedling and sapling regeneration was widespread across life histories, from pioneer to mature forest species. Three species of non-native vines recruited post-cyclone but within 5 years had largely declined or disappeared with canopy closure. Tanna's historical cyclone frequency, combined with customary stewardship practices that actively maintain a diversity of species and multiplicity of regeneration pathways, are likely responsible for the island's resistance and resilience to an intense tropical cyclone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ticktin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Ashley McGuigan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Frazer Alo
- Vanuatu National Herbarium, Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Michael J Balick
- Institute of Economic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andre Boraks
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Chanel Sam
- Vanuatu National Herbarium, Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Thomas Doro
- Vanuatu National Herbarium, Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Presley Dovo
- Vanuatu National Herbarium, Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alivereti Naikatini
- South Pacific Regional Herbarium and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Tom A Ranker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Marika V Tuiwawa
- South Pacific Regional Herbarium and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Gregory M Plunkett
- Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
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Canning AD. Rediscovering wild food to diversify production across Australia's agricultural landscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.865580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional agriculture currently relies on the intensive and expansive growth of a small number of monocultures, this is both risky for food security and is causing substantial environmental degradation. Crops are typically grown far from their native origins, enduring climates, pests, and diseases that they have little evolutionary adaptation to. As a result, farming practices involve modifying the environment to suit the crop, often via practices including vegetation clearing, drainage, irrigation, tilling, and the application of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. One avenue for improvement, however, is the diversification of monoculture agricultural systems with traditional foods native to the area. Native foods benefit from evolutionary history, enabling adaptation to local environmental conditions, reducing the need for environmental modifications and external inputs. Traditional use of native foods in Australia has a rich history, yet the commercial production of native foods remains small compared with conventional crops, such as wheat, barley and sugarcane. Identifying what native crops can grow where would be a first step in scoping potential native food industries and supporting farmers seeking to diversify their cropping. In this study, I modeled the potentially suitable distributions of 177 native food and forage species across Australia, given their climate and soil preferences. The coastal areas of Queensland's wet tropics, south-east Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria were predicted to support the greatest diversity of native food and forage species (as high 80–120 species). These areas also correspond to the nation's most agriculturally intensive areas, including much of the Murray-Darling Basin, suggesting high potential for the diversification of existing intensive monocultures. Native crops with the most expansive potential distribution include Acacia trees, Maloga bean, bush plum, Emu apple, native millet, and bush tomatoes, with these crops largely being tolerant of vast areas of semi-arid conditions. In addition to greater food security, if diverse native cropping results in greater ecosystem service provisioning, through carbon storage, reduced water usage, reduced nutrient runoff, or greater habitat provision, then payment for ecosystem service schemes could also provide supplemental farm income.
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Gonçalves MC, da Silva FR, Cantelli D, dos Santos MR, Aguiar PV, Pereira ES, Hanazaki N. Traditional Agriculture and Food Sovereignty: Quilombola Knowledge and Management of Food Crops. J ETHNOBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-42.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Cristina Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniele Cantelli
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Center for Biological Sciences, Department of Ecology and Zoology 88010-970, University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Schramski S, Barbosa de Lima AC. Fruitful exchanges: social networks and food resources amidst change. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY 2022; 11:15. [PMID: 35194513 PMCID: PMC8853342 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-021-00342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Amazon region of Brazil is known both for its significant biological and cultural diversity. It is also a region, like many parts of the country, marked by food insecurity, even amongst its rural agricultural populations. In a novel approach, this paper addresses the networks of exchanges of local food and their relationship to the agrobiodiversity of traditional riverine peoples' (ribeirinho) households in the Central Amazon. Methodologically, it involves mapping the social networks and affinities between households, inventories of known species, and, finally, statistical tests of the relationships between network and subsequent agrobiodiversity. RESULTS The diversity per area of each land type where food cultivation or management takes place shows how home gardens, fields and orchards are areas of higher diversity and intense cultivation compared to fallow areas. Our findings, however, indicate that a household's income does appear to be strongly associated with the total agrobiodiversity across cultivation areas. In addition, a household's agrobiodiversity is significantly associated with the frequency and intensity of food exchanges between households. CONCLUSIONS Agrobiodiversity cannot be considered separate from the breadth of activities focused on sustenance and yields from the cash economy, which riverine people engage in daily. It seems to be connected to quotidian social interactions and exchanges in both predictable and occasionally subtler ways. Those brokers who serve as prominent actors in rural communities may not always be the most productive or in possession of the largest landholdings, although in some cases they are. Their proclivity for cultivating and harvesting a wide diversity of produce may be equally important if not more so. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-021-00342-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Schramski
- Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Ana Carolina Barbosa de Lima
- Center for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Landscapes, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
- Project ECHO, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA
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Hastings Z, Wong M, Ticktin T. Who Gets to Adopt? Contested Values Constrain Just Transitions to Agroforestry. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.727579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Agroforestry is often promoted as a multi-benefit solution to increasing the resilience of agricultural landscapes. Yet, there are many obstacles to transitioning agricultural production systems to agroforestry. Research on agroforestry transitions often focuses on why farmers and land managers chose to adopt this type of stewardship, with less focus on the political context of practitioner decisions. We use the case study of agroforestry in Hawai‘i to explore how agroforestry transitions occur with particular attention to politics and power dynamics. Specifically, we ask, what factors drive and/or restrain transitions to agroforestry and who is able to participate. We interviewed 38 agroforestry practitioners in Hawai‘i and analyzed the data using constructivist grounded theory. We then held a focus group discussion with interview participants to share results and discuss solutions. Practitioners primarily chose agroforestry intentionally for non-economic and values-based reasons, rather than as a means to production or economic goals. Agroforestry practitioners face a similar suite of structural obstacles as other agricultural producers, including access to land, labor, and capital and ecological obstacles like invasive species and climate change. However, the conflict in values between practitioners and dominant institutions manifests as four additional dimensions of obstacles constraining agroforestry transitions: systems for accessing land, capital, and markets favor short-term production and economic value; Indigenous and local knowledge is not adequately valued; regulatory, funding, and other support institutions are siloed; and not enough appropriate information is accessible. Who is able to practice despite these obstacles is tightly linked with people's ability to access off-site resources that are inequitably distributed. Our case study highlights three key points with important implications for realizing just agroforestry transitions: (1) practitioners transition to agroforestry to restore ecosystems and reclaim sovereignty, not just for the direct benefits; (2) a major constraint to agroforestry transitions is that the term agroforestry is both unifying and exclusionary; (3) structural change is needed for agroforestry transitions to be just. We discuss potential solutions in the context of Hawai‘i and provide transferrable principles and actionable strategies for achieving equity in agroforestry transitions. We also demonstrate a transferrable approach for action-oriented, interdisciplinary research in support of just agroforestry transitions.
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Vogliano C, Murray L, Coad J, Wham C, Maelaua J, Kafa R, Burlingame B. Progress towards SDG 2: Zero hunger in melanesia – A state of data scoping review. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kulkarni C, Finsinger W, Anand P, Nogué S, Bhagwat SA. Synergistic impacts of anthropogenic fires and aridity on plant diversity in the Western Ghats: Implications for management of ancient social-ecological systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:111957. [PMID: 33493997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the impacts of anthropogenic fires on biodiversity is imperative for human-influenced tropical rainforests because: i) these ecosystems have been transformed by human-induced fires for millennia; and ii) their effective management is essential for protecting the world's terrestrial biodiversity in the face of global environmental change. While several short-term studies elucidate the impacts of fires on local plant diversity, how plant diversity responds to fire regimes over long timescales (>100 years) is a significant knowledge gap, posing substantial impediment to evidence-based management of tropical social-ecological systems. Using wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India as a model system, we discuss the synergistic effects of anthropogenic fires and enhanced aridity on tropical plant diversity over the past 4000 years by examining fossil pollen-based diversity indices (e.g., pollen richness and evenness, and temporal β-diversity), past fire management, the intervals of enhanced aridity due to reduced monsoon rainfall and land use history. By developing a historical perspective, our aim is to provide region-specific management information for biodiversity conservation in the Western Ghats. We observe that the agroforestry landscape switches between periods of no fires (4000-1800 yr BP, and 1400-400 yr BP) and fires (1800-1400 yr BP, and 400-0 yr BP), with both fire periods concomitant with intervals of enhanced aridity. We find synergistic impacts of anthropogenic fires and aridity on plant diversity uneven across time, pointing towards varied land management strategies implemented by the contemporary societies. For example, during 1800-1400 yr BP, diversity reduced in conjunction with a significant decrease in the canopy cover related to sustained use of fires, possibly linked to large-scale intensification of agriculture. On the contrary, the substantially reduced fires during 400-0 yr BP may be associated with the emergence of sacred forest groves, a cultural practice supporting the maintenance of plant diversity. Overall, notwithstanding apparent changes in fires, aridity, and land use over the past 4000 years, present-day plant diversity in the Western Ghats agroforestry landscape falls within the range of historical variability. Importantly, we find a strong correlation between plant diversity and canopy cover, emphasising the crucial role of maintenance of trees in the landscape for biodiversity conservation. Systematic tree management in tropical social-ecological systems is vital for livelihoods of billions of people, who depend on forested landscapes. In this context, we argue that agroforestry landscapes can deliver win-win solutions for biodiversity as well as people in the Western Ghats and wet tropics at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuta Kulkarni
- Department of Geography and OpenSpace Research Centre, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Walter Finsinger
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pallavi Anand
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Nogué
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Oxford Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Shonil A Bhagwat
- Department of Geography and OpenSpace Research Centre, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; Oxford Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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Conde BE, Aragaki S, Ticktin T, Surerus Fonseca A, Yazbek PB, Sauini T, Rodrigues E. Evaluation of conservation status of plants in Brazil's Atlantic forest: An ethnoecological approach with Quilombola communities in Serra do Mar State Park. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238914. [PMID: 32946472 PMCID: PMC7500697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic Forest is considered the fourth most important biodiversity hotspot. Although almost 96% of its original area has been devastated, a large part of its remaining conserved area is inhabited by traditional communities. This research focused on two Quilombola communities who reside within the Núcleo Picinguaba of the Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The objective was to use a combination of ethnoecological and ecological approaches to select priority species for which to develop participatory conservation and sustainable management plans in protected areas in Brazil. We collaborated with community members to collect ethnobotanical and ethnoecological data and then measured the abundance of native species in local forests through phytosociological sampling. We used this information to assess the degree of threat to useful species using the Conservation Priority Index, adding an additional layer of analysis based on habitat successional categories. We then overlayed those useful species identified as highest risk locally with those federally listed as threatened or endangered. Based on this, we identified three species as priority for the development of sustainable management plans: Virola bicuhyba, Cedrella fissilis and Plinia edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Esteves Conde
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Chemical Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Estácio de Sá, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sonia Aragaki
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Ticktin
- Botany Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | | | - Priscila Baptistella Yazbek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamara Sauini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Rodrigues
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hastings Z, Ticktin T, Botelho M, Reppun N, Kukea‐Shultz K, Wong M, Melone A, Bremer L. Integrating co‐production and functional trait approaches for inclusive and scalable restoration solutions. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hastings
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
| | - Tamara Ticktin
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
| | | | | | - Kanekoa Kukea‐Shultz
- Kākoʻo ʻŌiwi Kāneʻohe Hawaiʻi USA
- The Nature Conservancy of Hawaiʻi Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
| | - Maile Wong
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
- University of Hawaiʻi Economic Research OrganizationUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
| | - Angelica Melone
- University of Hawaiʻi Economic Research OrganizationUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
- Department of Natural Resource and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
- Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve Kāneʻohe Hawaiʻi USA
| | - Leah Bremer
- University of Hawaiʻi Economic Research OrganizationUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
- Water Resources Research CenterUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Honolulu Hawaiʻi USA
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Nikinmaa L, Lindner M, Cantarello E, Jump AS, Seidl R, Winkel G, Muys B. Reviewing the Use of Resilience Concepts in Forest Sciences. CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS 2020; 6:61-80. [PMID: 35747899 PMCID: PMC7612878 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-020-00110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resilience is a key concept to deal with an uncertain future in forestry. In recent years, it has received increasing attention from both research and practice. However, a common understanding of what resilience means in a forestry context and how to operationalise it is lacking. Here, we conducted a systematic review of the recent forest science literature on resilience in the forestry context, synthesizing how resilience is defined and assessed. RECENT FINDINGS Based on a detailed review of 255 studies, we analysed how the concepts of engineering resilience, ecological resilience and social-ecological resilience are used in forest sciences. A clear majority of the studies applied the concept of engineering resilience, quantifying resilience as the recovery time after a disturbance. The two most used indicators for engineering resilience were basal area increment and vegetation cover, whereas ecological resilience studies frequently focus on vegetation cover and tree density. In contrast, important social-ecological resilience indicators used in the literature are socioeconomic diversity and stock of natural resources. In the context of global change, we expected an increase in studies adopting the more holistic social-ecological resilience concept, but this was not the observed trend. SUMMARY Our analysis points to the nestedness of these three resilience concepts, suggesting that they are complementary rather than contradictory. It also means that the variety of resilience approaches does not need to be an obstacle for operationalisation of the concept. We provide guidance for choosing the most suitable resilience concept and indicators based on the management, disturbance and application context.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Nikinmaa
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Lindner
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - E. Cantarello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - A. S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - R. Seidl
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, Peter Jordan Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - G. Winkel
- European Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Hou L, Li Z, Zhao D, Song L, Shao G, Ai J, Sun Q. Leguminous supplementation increases the resilience of soil microbial community and nutrients in Chinese fir plantations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134917. [PMID: 31759708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understory vegetation plays a vital role in the flow of materials and nutrient cycling in plantation ecosystems. Introducing functional plants (one species or a group of plants that share similar characteristics and can play a similar role in an ecological environment) can quickly improve the environment of the soil of a plantation with a single-stand structure suffering from soil degradation. Five stands composed of Chinese fir plants of different ages (young, immature, near-mature, mature, and over-mature stand forests) were supplemented with leguminous plants to determine the effects on soil nutrients and microbial communities. We supplemented the five stands with five different combinations of four non-native plant species, Dalbergia balansae, Taxus chinensis, Spatholobus suberectus, and Kaempferia galangal, as treatments. After one year, plant growth was estimated, and soil samples were collected for laboratory experiments and high-throughput sequencing. Our results show that supplementing the stands with plants increased the nutrient content of the soil and promoted the growth and diversity of soil microbial communities in Chinese fir plantations. Furthermore, the effects of plant supplementation varied according to the age of the stand in the plantation; thus, the positive effects were stronger for young, immature, and near-mature stand forests than they were for mature and over-mature stand forests. Measurements of the microbial diversity in the soil revealed that supplementation increased diversity in the fungal community more than that in the bacterial community. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the five treatments and controls under different forest stands ages demonstrated that microbial communities differed significantly between treatments and controls and that supplementing Chinese fir plantations with leguminous plants had a greater influence on microbial communities than other plants did. Our study suggests that certain leguminous plants can increase soil nutrients and the diversity of soil microbial communities in one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lingyu Hou
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dexian Zhao
- Research Center of Urban Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Liguo Song
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guodong Shao
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - JuanJuan Ai
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiwu Sun
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Dacks R, Ticktin T, Mawyer A, Caillon S, Claudet J, Fabre P, Jupiter SD, McCarter J, Mejia M, Pascua P, Sterling E, Wongbusarakum S. Developing biocultural indicators for resource management. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dacks
- Department of Biology University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawai‘i
| | - Tamara Ticktin
- Department of Botany University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawai‘i
| | - Alexander Mawyer
- Center for Pacific Island Studies University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawai‘i
| | - Sophie Caillon
- CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier – EPHE Montpellier France
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Moorea French Polynesia
| | - Pauline Fabre
- CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD, BP 1013 Papetoai, 98729 Moorea French Polynesia
| | | | - Joe McCarter
- Melanesia Program Wildlife Conservation Society Suva Fiji
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History New York City New York
| | - Manuel Mejia
- Marine Program The Nature Conservancy of Hawai‘i Honolulu Hawai‘i
| | - Pua‘ala Pascua
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History New York City New York
| | - Eleanor Sterling
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History New York City New York
| | - Supin Wongbusarakum
- Ecosystem Sciences Division Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Honolulu, HI
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Biocultural Restoration of Traditional Agriculture: Cultural, Environmental, and Economic Outcomes of Lo‘i Kalo Restoration in He‘eia, O‘ahu. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10124502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are growing efforts around the world to restore biocultural systems that produce food while also providing additional cultural and ecological benefits. Yet, there are few examples of integrated assessments of these efforts, impeding understanding of how they can contribute to multi-level sustainability goals. In this study, we collaborated with a community-based non-profit in He‘eia, O‘ahu to evaluate future scenarios of traditional wetland and flooded field system agriculture (lo‘i kalo; taro fields) restoration in terms of locally-relevant cultural, ecological, and economic outcomes as well as broader State of Hawai‘i sustainability goals around food, energy, and water. Families participating in the biocultural restoration program described a suite of community and cultural benefits stemming from the process of restoration, including enhanced social connections, cultural (re)connections to place, and physical and mental well-being, which inspired their sustained participation. We also found benefits in terms of local food production that have the potential to provide economic returns and energy savings over time, particularly when carried out through a hybrid non-profit and family management model. These benefits were coupled with potential changes in sediment and nutrient retention with implications for water quality and the health of an important downstream fish pond (loko i‘a) and coral reef social-ecological system. Compared with the current land cover (primarily invasive grasses), results suggest that full restoration of lo‘i kalo would decrease sediment export by ~38%, but triple nitrogen export due to organic fertilizer additions. However, compared with an urban scenario, there were clear benefits of agricultural restoration in terms of reduced nitrogen and sediment runoff. In combination, our results demonstrate that a biocultural approach can support the social and financial sustainability of agricultural systems that provide multiple benefits valued by the local community and non-profit while also contributing to statewide sustainability goals.
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The Moku System: Managing Biocultural Resources for Abundance within Social-Ecological Regions in Hawaiʻi. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Through research, restoration of agro-ecological sites, and a renaissance of cultural awareness in Hawaiʻi, there has been a growing recognition of the ingenuity of the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system. The contemporary term for this system, “the ahupuaʻa system”, does not accurately convey the nuances of system function, and it inhibits an understanding about the complexity of the system’s management. We examined six aspects of the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system to understand its framework for systematic management. Based on a more holistic understanding of this system’s structure and function, we introduce the term, “the moku system”, to describe the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system, which divided large islands into social-ecological regions and further into interrelated social-ecological communities. This system had several social-ecological zones running horizontally across each region, which divided individual communities vertically while connecting them to adjacent communities horizontally; and, thus, created a mosaic that contained forested landscapes, cultural landscapes, and seascapes, which synergistically harnessed a diversity of ecosystem services to facilitate an abundance of biocultural resources. “The moku system”, is a term that is more conducive to large-scale biocultural restoration in the contemporary period, while being inclusive of the smaller-scale divisions that allowed for a highly functional system.
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