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Lim SYD, Goon ATJ, Leow YH, Chong TYR, Tan EST, Cheng WNS. Photopatch testing in Singapore: A 10-year retrospective study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:642-647. [PMID: 37749909 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photopatch testing represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD). We aimed to identify common photoallergens in our tertiary dermatological referral centre from 2012 to 2021, to compare this to the preceding period studied, and data from other communities. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of all 90 patients who underwent photopatch testing at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, between 2012 and 2021. RESULTS Of 90 patients, 19 (21.1%) were male, and the mean age was 41.6 years. Eighty-four (93.3%) underwent testing to our standard sunscreen series, 10 (11.1%) to our extended series, and 73 (81.1%) to their own items. Seventeen (18.9%) were diagnosed with PACD (i.e., photocontact allergy with present or past relevance), 12 (13.3%) with ACD, and 4 (4.4%) with photoaugmented ACD. Relevant reactions were commonest to oxybenzone (8, 9.5%) and mexenone (3, 3.6%). Eleven (15.1%) had PACD to their own items, with 3 of 4 (75%) tested to ketoprofen diagnosed with PACD and the remaining 1 (25%) with photoaugmented ACD. Age, race, sex, atopy, and site of involvement were not associated with photocontact allergy. Compared to the preceding time period, the overall frequency of photocontact allergy and PACD decreased, but rates of photoallergic reactions to individual photoallergens were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Organic ultraviolet absorbers such as oxybenzone and mexenone remained the most relevant photoallergens. Personal item testing was valuable, and testing to ketoprofen should be considered.
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Codeço C, Alves PB, Figueiredo AC, Flor D, Gonçalo M. Shedding a light on the importance of photopatch testing: A 12-year experience in a dermatology unit. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:438-445. [PMID: 36807918 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photopatch testing has been standardized for diagnosing photoallergic contact dermatitis but is still infrequently used. OBJECTIVES To characterize photopatch test (PPT) results and their clinical relevance. METHODS We collected retrospective data from patients photopatch tested in our Dermatology Unit (2010-2021), using the European PPT 'baseline' series, other allergens, and patient's own products, when appropriate. RESULTS Out of 223 patients, 75 patients (33.6%) were reactive with 124 positive PPT reactions, considered relevant in 56/223 patients (25.1%) and in 72/124 reactions (58.1%). Most reactions were caused by topical drugs (n = 33; 45.8%), such as ketoprofen or promethazine, and 7 (9.8%) by systemic drugs, such as hydrochlorothiazide and fenofibrate. 'Classical' ultraviolet filters were responsible for six positive PPT reactions whereas there was only three relevant PPT to the 'newer' UV filters. Patients' sunscreens/cosmetics or plant extracts caused 10 positive PPT each. Additional patch test reactions were observed, mostly to Tinosorb® M. CONCLUSION Contrary to the trend in ACD, most positive PPT reactions were caused by topical drugs, outweighing ultraviolet filters and cosmetics. We stress the low reactivity to the 'newer' UV filters included in the PPT series. PPT was occasionally positive in systemic drug photosensitivity, but overall PPT reactivity was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Codeço
- Occupational Medicine, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Botelho Alves
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Duarte Flor
- Dermatology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Dermatology Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Sunscreens: A Review of UV Filters and Their Allergic Potential. Dermatitis 2022; 34:176-190. [DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pralong P, Ciszynski M, Moncourier M, Beani JC, Charles J, Leccia MT. Contribution of phototesting in the diagnosis of photodermatoses: Retrospective study of 100 cases. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:99-103. [PMID: 34328236 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodermatoses are sun-related inflammatory skin diseases. They usually require phototesting in diagnosis. However, fewer and fewer medical centers in France are equipped with photobiological equipment. OBJECTIVES The main purpose was to evaluate the relevance of phototesting in photodermatosis diagnosis. The second goal was to study the proportions of the different kinds of photodermatosis found in this particular study. METHODS This study was descriptive, retrospective, and mono-centric. It was based on 100 consecutive patients, who have been phototested in a French University Hospital from 2014 to 2018. Phototesting included determination of the minimal erythematous dose (MED), UVA and UVB phototests, and photopatch testing. RESULTS The use of phototesting led to 60% of photodermatosis diagnosis and formally eliminated the latter in 13% of the cases. The diagnosis remained undetermined in 27% of the cases. Nineteen cases of polymorphous light eruption (PLE), 14 cases of photocontact dermatitis (PCD), 10 cases of solar urticaria, 8 cases of photo-aggravated atopic eczema, 5 cases of chronic actinic dermatitis, and 2 cases of systemic photosensitization were diagnosed. The allergens involved in PCD were topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in 9 cases, sunscreens in 3 cases, and fragrance in 2 cases. The average amount of time between the first symptoms and actual phototesting was about 7,5 years. CONCLUSION This study confirms phototesting is truly useful. PLE was the most common form of photodermatosis, followed by PCD and solar urticaria. As photodermatosis could imply severe diseases sometimes requiring hospitalization, it is critical to maintain this expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pralong
- Dermatology, allergology and photobiology Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Meryl Ciszynski
- Dermatology and allergology Department, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Moncourier
- Dermatology, allergology and photobiology Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Claude Beani
- Dermatology, allergology and photobiology Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Charles
- Dermatology, allergology and photobiology Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Therese Leccia
- Dermatology, allergology and photobiology Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Matouskova K, Vandenberg LN. Towards a paradigm shift in environmental health decision-making: a case study of oxybenzone. Environ Health 2022; 21:6. [PMID: 34998398 PMCID: PMC8742442 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advancements make lives safer and more convenient. Unfortunately, many of these advances come with costs to susceptible individuals and public health, the environment, and other species and ecosystems. Synthetic chemicals in consumer products represent a quintessential example of the complexity of both the benefits and burdens of modern living. How we navigate this complexity is a matter of a society's values and corresponding principles. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a series of ethical principles to guide decision-making within the landscape of environmental health, and then apply these principles to a specific environmental chemical, oxybenzone. Oxybenzone is a widely used ultraviolet (UV) filter added to personal care products and other consumer goods to prevent UV damage, but potentially poses harm to humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. It provides an excellent example of a chemical that is widely used for the alleged purpose of protecting human health and product safety, but with costs to human health and the environment that are often ignored by stakeholders. DISCUSSION We propose six ethical principles to guide environmental health decision-making: principles of sustainability, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, community, and precautionary substitution. We apply these principles to the case of oxybenzone to demonstrate the complex but imperative decision-making required if we are to address the limits of the biosphere's regenerative rates. We conclude that both ethical and practical considerations should be included in decisions about the commercial, pervasive application of synthetic compounds and that the current flawed practice of cost-benefit analysis be recognized for what it is: a technocratic approach to support corporate interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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Roh J, Cheng H. Ultraviolet filter, fragrance and preservative allergens in New Zealand sunscreens. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:e21-e25. [PMID: 34751433 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis and irritant reactions to sunscreens are common reasons for dermatology consultation. Patch testing for contact allergy relies on up-to-date knowledge of allergen exposures. The aim of this study was to investigate contact allergens and photoallergens in sunscreens commercially sold on the shelves of supermarkets and pharmacies in New Zealand. METHODS A comprehensive market data review of suppliers' websites was performed from March to August 2019 to obtain a list of the commonly sold sunscreens in our region. Ingredients were collated and analysed according to International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) names. Ultraviolet (UV) filters, preservatives and fragrances were included for analysis. Place of sale and cost of sunscreens were also recorded. RESULTS Ninety-five sunscreens were analysed: 36% sold in supermarkets, 43% in pharmacies and the remainder available in both. The most frequent UV filters were butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (contained in 70% of products) followed by octocrylene (63%) and homosalate (50%). The common photoallergen benzophenone 3 was found in 19% of products. Phenoxyethanol was the most common preservative (68%) followed by disodium EDTA (30%) and propylparaben (26%). Two sunscreens contained methylisothiazolinone. Sixty-one per cent contained at least one fragrance, the most frequent being limonene (17%) and linalool (13%). There was an average of 1.1 New Zealand baseline series allergens per product (range 0 to 6, standard deviation 1.27). CONCLUSION Common allergens including those with high sensitising potential were frequently found in New Zealand sunscreen. Knowledge of ingredients used by manufacturers is useful in dermatological assessment of skin contact reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Roh
- Department of General Medicine, Waitematā District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harriet Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Marmgren V, Mowitz M, Zimerson E, Hindsén M, Bruze M. Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and its components in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:660-670. [PMID: 34414573 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact allergy to fragrance mix I (FM I) is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen. The prevalence of contact allergy to two components of FM I, cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol, in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients is higher than in dermatitis patients. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of contact allergy to FM I and its individual components in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen, and to compare with a dermatitis and the general population. METHODS Data on patch and photopatch tests performed between 2009-2018 were collected. Ketoprofen-photoallergic patients were compared with dermatitis patients and published data on the general population regarding the prevalence and the distribution of contact allergy to FM I and its components. RESULTS A higher prevalence of contact allergy to cinnamyl alcohol compared with cinnamal (23.3% vs 10.0%), and eugenol compared with isoeugenol (23.3% vs 6.7%), was observed in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients, while the relationship was the opposite in the dermatitis group (0.7% vs 1.05%; 0.4% vs 0.9%). The overall prevalence of contact allergy to several components of FM I was significantly higher in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients. CONCLUSIONS Contact allergy to FM I and many of its components is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen compared with dermatitis patients and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Marmgren
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Zimerson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Monica Hindsén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Shao Y, Hu Y, Wang D, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu J, Tang H. Photopatch testing in Chinese patients: A 5-year experience. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:78-84. [PMID: 33576094 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, a Chinese expert consensus on photopatch testing (PPT) was established, based on European consensus methodology. OBJECTIVES To update current information on the prevalence of photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) to 20 photoallergens and their clinical relevance in the Chinese context. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 2372 patients who performed PPT in a tertiary referral center in China between 2015 and 2019 was completed. A total of 1208 PACD reactions were observed in 897 (37.8%) patients, and 413 reactions were of current or past relevance. RESULTS The proportion of reactions of current or past relevance was 34.2%. The most frequent photoallergens were chlorpromazine, thimerosal, potassium dichromate, and formaldehyde. The ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone and Para-aminobenzoic acid, showed opposite gender distribution to PACD. Twenty-five patients (1.9%) developed PACD reactions to a newly added photoallergen preparation - fragrance mix I. Patients with chronic actinic dermatitis, widespread exposed-site or generalized dermatitis, and older age were more likely to have PACD. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to profile PACD reactions with clinical relevance in China. The prevalence of PACD to culprit photoallergens was affected by regional peculiarities. Attention needs to be paid to the age, body-site distribution, and known diagnoses of patients for the identification of PACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duoqin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the common photoallergens in New Zealand, where ultraviolet exposure is particularly high. Availability of photopatch testing is limited because of it being performed in very few tertiary referral and contact dermatitis clinics. OBJECTIVE To review the photopatch testing experience in New Zealand. METHOD A retrospective review of all patients who underwent photopatch testing at a tertiary referral center in Auckland from 2008 to 2019 was performed. RESULTS Seventy patients had photopatch testing over the 12-year period. Of the 58 patients tested using the photoallergen series, 6 (10%) patients had a positive photopatch test reaction, of which 4 were to promethazine and 2 were to benzophenone-3. The most common postpatch diagnosis was endogenous dermatitis (54%), followed by allergic contact dermatitis (21%), photoallergic contact dermatitis (9%), and chronic actinic dermatitis (4%). CONCLUSIONS Both patch and photopatch testing are important investigations in patients with suspected photoallergic contact dermatitis. Promethazine and benzophenone-3 were the most frequent and only photoallergens in our population. Promethazine sensitization was via oral exposure, supporting a mechanism of systematized photoallergy to promethazine.
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10
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Scherrer MAR, Rocha VB. Photoepicutaneous tests: a series of 37 Brazilian patients. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:766-767. [PMID: 32847718 PMCID: PMC7672390 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Barreto Rocha
- Dermatology Sector, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Martínez‐Doménech A, García‐Legaz‐Martínez M, Valenzuela‐Oñate C, Magdaleno‐Tapial J, Zaragoza‐Ninet V, Sánchez‐Carazo JL, Pérez‐Ferriols A. Photoallergic contact dermatitis to topical ketoconazole. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e499-e501. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Martínez‐Doménech
- Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - C. Valenzuela‐Oñate
- Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - J. Magdaleno‐Tapial
- Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - V. Zaragoza‐Ninet
- Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - JL. Sánchez‐Carazo
- Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - A. Pérez‐Ferriols
- Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Valencia Valencia Spain
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Chaiyabutr C, Sukakul T, Limphoka P, Kumpangsin T, Boonchai W. Photopatch testing in a tropical country, Thailand: 20 years' experience. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 37:28-33. [PMID: 32816407 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoallergic contact dermatitis is one of the important parts of photodermatoses. The investigation of choice is photopatch testing. However, reports with photopatch test results from Asian countries are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive photopatch test reactions and to ascertain the common photoallergens among Thai patients during 1998-2018. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 339 patients who were clinically suspected of having photoallergic contact dermatitis and had undergone photopatch testing. RESULTS A total of 44 photoallergic contact reactions in 38 patients (11.2%) were found. The positive photoallergic reactions were mainly found with organic ultraviolet filters and fragrances. CONCLUSIONS Organic ultraviolet filter chemicals especially benzophenone-3 and fragrances were found to have a high prevalence of photoallergic contact reactions. Monitoring of the photoallergens employed in photopatch tests should be conducted periodically to provide the best patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayada Chaiyabutr
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanisorn Sukakul
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pichaya Limphoka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Titinun Kumpangsin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranya Boonchai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Photopatch testing is an important diagnostic tool in evaluating patients with suspected photoallergic contact dermatitis. Although protocols for photopatch testing have been described, there are no consensus recommendations by the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS). OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to examine the common practices of photopatch testing among ACDS members and to review and compare commonly used photoallergen series. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among ACDS members via e-mail to inquire about their photopatch test methods. We compared the results with the European consensus methodology and reviewed photoallergen series reported by the respondents. RESULTS Of the 791 members contacted, 112 members (14%) responded to the survey. Among these, 50 respondents (45%) perform photopatch testing, approximately half of whom (48%) determine minimal erythema dose before the test using UVA with or without UVB irradiation. Respondents use a total of 13 photoallergen series, alone or in any combination, as well as customized series. CONCLUSIONS These results have potential to aid clinicians in identifying photoallergen series best suited for their patients and suggest a need for consensus recommendations by the ACDS.
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Barrientos N, Abajo P, de Celada RA, de Vega MM, Domínguez J. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid included in a sunscreen. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:151-152. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Barrientos
- Department of DermatologyHospital Universitario del Henares Coslada Spain
| | - Patricia Abajo
- Department of DermatologyHospital Universitario del Henares Coslada Spain
| | | | | | - José Domínguez
- Department of DermatologyHospital Universitario del Henares Coslada Spain
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