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Yu J, Johnson H, DeKoven JG, Warshaw EM, Taylor JS, Belsito DV, Adler BL, Silverberg JI, Atwater AR, Reeder MJ, Botto N, Houle MC, Mowad CM, Pratt MD, Dunnick CA. Patch Test Results Among Older Adults: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis® Group Data (2009-2020). Dermatitis 2024; 35:235-241. [PMID: 37590477 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Allergic contact Dermatitis® (ACD) in older adults (OA) represents a significant health burden, but few studies examine the prevalence and characteristics of contact allergy and ACD in this population. Objective: To compare positive and clinically relevant patch test results in OA versus younger adults (YA) and children. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patch test results obtained in OA (≥65 years), YA (19-64 years), and children (≤18 years) by the North American Contact Dermatitis® Group, 2009 to 2020. Results: Of 28,177 patients patch tested, 5366 (19.0%) were OA. OA were more likely to have a final primary diagnosis of ACD as compared with YA (50.8% vs 49.2%, P = 0.035) and children (44.6%, P < 0.0001). The primary site of Dermatitis® also differed by age group, with OA having a higher proportion of Dermatitis® affecting the trunk, scalp, anogenital region, and "under clothing," and a lower proportion of Dermatitis® affecting the face, lips, and feet. Limitations: Retrospective design, lack of follow-up, and referral population. Conclusion: OA were as likely and were statistically even more likely to have a final primary diagnosis of ACD compared with YA and children. Anatomic site of Dermatitis® also differed by age group. This underscores the need for patch testing in OA when ACD is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaDe Yu
- From the Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadley Johnson
- From the Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Joel G DeKoven
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet/Health Partners Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James S Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandon L Adler
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Amber R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margo J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nina Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Houle
- Division of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Christen M Mowad
- Division of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Cory A Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Yue L, Song L, Zhu S, Fu X, Li X, He C, Li J. Machine learning assisted rational design of antimicrobial peptides based on human endogenous proteins and their applications for cosmetic preservative system optimization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:947. [PMID: 38200054 PMCID: PMC10781772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Preservatives are essential components in cosmetic products, but their safety issues have attracted widespread attention. There is an urgent need for safe and effective alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune system and have potent antimicrobial properties. Using machine learning-assisted rational design, we obtained a novel antibacterial peptide, IK-16-1, with significant antibacterial activity and maintaining safety based on β-defensins. IK-16-1 has broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, and has no haemolytic activity. The use of IK-16-1 holds promise in the cosmetics industry, since it can serve as a preservative synergist to reduce the amount of other preservatives in cosmetics. This study verified the feasibility of combining computational design with artificial intelligence prediction to design AMPs, achieving rapid screening and reducing development costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Liya Song
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- AGECODE R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
- Harvest Biotech (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Fu
- AGECODE R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
- Harvest Biotech (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- AGECODE R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congfen He
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junxiang Li
- AGECODE R&D Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China.
- Harvest Biotech (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China.
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Pei Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Liu QS, Hou X, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Screening Allergenic Potencies of Skin-Contact Products Using the Human-Derived THP-1 Cell Activation Test. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:291-301. [PMID: 38126320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from the usage of skin-contact products, like wearable, skin care, and hair care products, screening their skin sensitizing potential is necessary, for the sake of alleviating the consequent public health impact. In the present study, a total of 77 skin-contact products classified by four categories, watch bands (WBs), skin care products (SCPs), hair care products (HCPs), and rubber gloves (RGs), were investigated, using an optimized in vitro assay of human cell line activation test (h-CLAT). Extracting the products using neutral artificial sweat simulated well the practical usage scenarios, and testing the extracts showed that 26 of them were allergy test positive, including nine WBs, six SCPs, two HCPs, and nine RGs. The allergenic response was mainly characterized by the induction of CD54 expression, and diverse paradigms of CD54 and CD86 levels were observed by analyzing dose-response curves, which could also be influenced by the compromised viability of the THP-1 cells. The data implicated the intricate regulation by different contributors to suspicious ingredients in the test samples. Altogether, a promising methodology for testing skin allergy potential was well established for commonly used commodities by neutral artificial sweat extraction coupled with h-CLAT screening. The findings would be of great help in tracing the potential allergens in practical products and improving their qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Li Y, Shu X, Huo W, Wang X. Promoting public skin health through a national continuing medical education project on cosmetic and dermatologic sciences: a 15-year experience. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1273950. [PMID: 38035281 PMCID: PMC10687160 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1273950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The developments in cosmetic sciences and technologies have generated a gap between the cosmetics and their users. Users including regular customers, clinicians, industry personnel, researchers, testing agencies, beauty salon workers, and mass media hardly possess the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. The gap remained as one major reason for inappropriate cosmetics usage, insufficient efficacy, and even cosmetics adverse reactions (CARs). Methods Aiming at enhancing the relevant practitioners' cosmetic and dermatologic sciences, we launched a cosmetic and dermatologic sciences continuing medical education (CME) since 2008. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the CME. We summarized and analyzed the project for the last 15 years. Meanwhile, an online survey consisted of three parts was performed to evaluate the CME and to collect the trainees' comments. Results A total of 3,923 trainees have participated in the CME project from 2008 to 2022. The trainees included clinicians, industry staffs, biomedical researchers, third-party cosmetics testing staffs, beauty salon staffs, students, and media staffs. The trainees had theory courses on cosmetic and dermatologic sciences, cosmetics DIY practice & video watching, and an optional guided tour during the 4.5-day CME. Eight hundred and twenty-three trainees and 586 control subjects responded to the online survey. The comprehensive test in the second part of the survey demonstrated that compared with the control group, the CME project significantly enhanced the trainees' perception and knowledge regarding the cosmetics formula sciences, basic dermatologic sciences, cosmetics usage, noninvasive measurements, new advances, CARs, and laws (p = 0.000). Trainees of all occupations ranked "basic dermatologic sciences and skin diseases" as the most significant sections. Trainees of all occupations believed the CME has contributed most in "understand the function & efficacy of cosmetics." We noticed the occupational variances. Over 97% of trainees were willing to recommend the CME to the others. Conclusion The CME project significantly enhanced the trainees' cosmetic and dermatologic sciences, which bridged the gap between cosmetics and public skin health. This multidisciplinary CME also contributed to establishing an interdisciplinary interaction and cooperation platform for the multiple occupations involved in the public skin health maintenance and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huo
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Schubert S, Geier J, Brans R, Heratizadeh A, Kränke B, Schnuch A, Bauer A, Dickel H, Buhl T, Vieluf D, Wagner N, Worm M. Patch testing hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool in consecutive patients-Results of the IVDK 2018-2020. Contact Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 37177844 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim-OOHs) and linalool (Lin-OOHs) are potent contact sensitizers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of positive patch test (PT) reactions to Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs in consecutive patients, their demographic factors and concomitant reactions. METHODS Between 7/2018 and 12/2020, Lim-OOHs 0.3% pet. and Lin-OOHs 1% pet. were patch tested in 5511 consecutive patients. We assessed PT reactivity and analysed data from patients with either positive or negative PTs to Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs. RESULTS Positive PT results to Lim-OOHs (n = 170, 3.1%) and Lin-OOHs (n = 483, 8.8%) were frequent. Most of the positive reactions were weak (LimOOHs n = 134/LinOOHs n = 429), and even more frequently, doubtful (n = 252/n = 578) or irritant reactions (n = 81/n = 178) were documented. PT reactivity to Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs was increased in patients with irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). The proportion of leg dermatitis and concomitant positive reactions to fragrances and essential oils was increased in patients with reactivity to these hydroperoxides. CONCLUSION The observed reaction pattern suggests that both test preparations display an irritant potential with an increased risk of false positive reactions. Preparations should be chemically monitored in order to reduce irritancy. Mindful interpretation of PT results and aimed patch testing of lower concentrations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard Brans
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine, and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Annice Heratizadeh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birger Kränke
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Axel Schnuch
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Institute at the University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Allergy Center, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinrich Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, University Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Vieluf
- Department of Allergology, Photodermatology and Occupational Dermatology, Dermatologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Boix-Montañés A, Celma-Lezcano C, Obach-Vidal R, Peraire-Guitart C. Collaborative permeation of drug and excipients in transdermal formulations. In vitro scrutiny for ethanol:limonene combinations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:239-248. [PMID: 36384197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of skin permeation of drugs is affected by the simultaneous co-permeation of excipients that hinder the predictivity of in vitro tests. The collaborative effects of two permeation enhancers (ethanol and d-limonene) of a lipophilic drug (alprazolam) have been simultaneously assessed in human skin under different in vitro conditions: integrated setups of diffusion cell experiments with selective concentration gradients of permeants (asymmetric) or without (symmetric) have been combined with coadministration dosages (all-in-one) at different concentrations or short-time skin pretreatment to scrutiny this mutual performance. Findings: Drug permeation is increased under moderated supersaturation but reaches a stationary level above 33 % of its solubility. Ethanol in absence of a concentration gradient increases ca.5 times basal drug permeation. Limonene until 20 % permeates human skin proportionally to its donor concentration but its effect does not depend on ethanol in symmetric conditions and is based on skin imbibition rather than on a carry-on effect. Simultaneous permeation of ethanol and limonene reaches a stationary state after 1.5 h, enough time to achieve maximal enhancement of alprazolam permeation. Additive enhancement is based on ethanol solubilisation maximized by skin saturation of terpene. Complementary analyses of skin disruption published in the literature are in line with these assessments and consolidate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boix-Montañés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - C Celma-Lezcano
- Ipsen Pharma, Pharmacokinetics Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona, España), Av. Laureà Miró 395, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - R Obach-Vidal
- Ipsen Pharma, Pharmacokinetics Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona, España), Av. Laureà Miró 395, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - C Peraire-Guitart
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Ipsen Pharma, Pharmacokinetics Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat (Barcelona, España), Av. Laureà Miró 395, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
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7
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Plant Contact Dermatitis in 2021. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Johansen JD, Bonefeld CM, Schwensen JFB, Thyssen JP, Uter W. Novel insights into contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1162-1171. [PMID: 35183605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis is a common disease, caused by repeated skin contact to contact allergens or irritants, resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and/or irritant contact dermatitis. Attempts have been made to identify biomarkers to distinguish irritant and allergic patch test reactions, which could aid diagnosis. Some promising candidates have recently been identified, but verification and validation in clinical cases still need to be done. New causes of ACD are constantly recognized. In this review, 10 new contact allergens from recent years, were identified, several relating to anti-age products. Frequent allergens causing considerable morbidity in the population such as the preservative methylisothiazolinone (MI) have been regulated in EU. A significant drop in cases has been seen, while high rates are still occurring in other areas such as North America. Other frequent causes are fragrance allergens especially widely used terpenes and acrylates used in medical devises for control of diabetes. These represent unsolved problems. Recent advances in immunology have opened for a better understanding of the complexity of contact dermatitis, especially ACD. The disease may be more heterogenous that previous understood with several subtypes. With the rapidly evolving molecular understanding of the disease, the potential for development of new drugs for personalized treatment of contact dermatitis is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy. Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - C M Bonefeld
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J F B Schwensen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy. Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - J P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy. Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - W Uter
- Dept. of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Univ. Erlangen / Nürnberg; Waldstr. 6 91054 Erlangen, GERMANY
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9
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Ogueta IA, Christensson JB, Giménez-Arnau E, Brans R, Wilkinson M, Stingeni L, Foti C, Aerts O, Svedman C, Gonçalo M, Giménez-Arnau A. Limonene and linalool hydroperoxides review: pros and cons for routine patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:1-12. [PMID: 35122274 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Limonene and linalool are among the most common fragrance terpenes used in products of everyday life. They are pre-haptens forming hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs, Lin-OOHs) upon oxidation inducing frequent positive patch test reactions in patients with dermatitis. Still, they are not yet routinely tested in Europe. This review evaluates the patch testing experience with Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs by answering key questions such as whether hydroperoxide patch testing is warranted, understand difficulties or challenges related to the reading and interpretation of hydroperoxide patch test results with currently available material, assessing their relevance. Studies are increasingly pointing out to high percentages of positive reactions in patients consecutively patch tested with these oxidized products. An association between a positive clinical history and a strong patch test reaction has been described, but problems with doubtful/irritant reactions have also been reported. Considering the high frequencies of relevant positive reactions, the incorporation of Lim-OOHs 0.3% and Lin-OOHs 1% in the baseline series could be discussed and is maybe justified. Since exposure, sensitization and elicitation limits of Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs in the products still need to be better determined, an assessment of previous exposure, possible sensitizations and reactions may help to improve the clinical assessment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Ogueta
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma. Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Johanna Brared Christensson
- Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Citysjukhuset +7, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elena Giménez-Arnau
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Institute of Chemistry CNRS UMR 7177, Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard Brans
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Luca Stingeni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Dermatology Section, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Olivier Aerts
- University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma. Barcelona, Spain
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