Linguistic Redundancy and its Effects on Younger and Older Adults' Real-Time Comprehension and Memory

Expertise differences in cognitive interpreting: A meta-analysis of eye tracking studies across four decades

This meta-analytic research delves into the influence of expertise on cognitive interpreting, emphasizing time efficiency, accuracy, and cognitive effort, in alignment with prevailing expertise theories that link professional development and cognitive efficiency. The study assimilates empirical data from 18 eye-tracking studies conducted over the past four decades, encompassing a sample of 1581 interpreters. The objective is to elucidate the role of expertise in interpretative performance while tracing the evolution of these dynamics over time. Findings suggest that expert interpreters outperform novices in time efficiency and accuracy and exhibit lower cognitive effort, especially in sight and consecutive interpreting. This effect is particularly pronounced in the English-Chinese language pair and with the use of E-prime and Tobii eye-tracking systems. Further, fixation count and pupil size are essential metrics impacting cognitive effort. These findings have vital implications for interpreter training programs, suggesting a focus on expertise development to enhance efficiency and accuracy, reduce cognitive load, and emphasize the importance of sight interpreting as a foundational skill. The selection of technology and understanding of specific ocular metrics also emerged as essential for future research and practical applications in the interpreting industry. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Theory and Methods Linguistics > Cognitive.

Color education: A study on methods of influence on memory

This study examines the mechanisms and expertise of color-based method implementation in a present-day academic process and different forms of learning. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of color education in the study of the humanities (history of Ukraine) for medical students. The research methodology included structural and logical methods, questionnaire methods, observations, and descriptive and statistical methods. The research results include an identified system of effective parameters, forms, and techniques of color education used in the academic process as well as its impact on the quality of education services provided under blended learning conditions. The color-coding culture parameter color-coding culture of important text segments ranked first among the seven techniques to activate mental activity and memory retention intensification. Color coding has become medical students' most effective method of remembering information. Color-based methods in the teaching of humanities are an effective method for improving the quality of students' learning and allow for better memorization of learning materials, especially in distance learning environments. Prospects for introducing pedagogical innovations in higher education include improving and developing educational materials using color effects to improve student perceptions. The research can be applied to the educational process for students of various specialties and the study of different disciplines.