1
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Hua F, Liu M, Wang Z. Integrating forest restoration into land-use planning at large spatial scales. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R452-R472. [PMID: 38714177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Forest restoration is being scaled up globally, carrying major expectations of environmental and societal benefits. Current discussions on ensuring the effectiveness of forest restoration are predominantly focused on the land under restoration per se. But this focus neglects the critical issue that land use and its drivers at larger spatial scales have strong implications for forest restoration outcomes, through the influence of landscape context and, importantly, potential off-site impacts of forest restoration that must be accounted for in measuring its effectiveness. To ensure intended restoration outcomes, it is crucial to integrate forest restoration into land-use planning at spatial scales large enough to account for - and address - these larger-scale influences, including the protection of existing native ecosystems. In this review, we highlight this thus-far neglected issue in conceptualizing forest restoration for the delivery of multiple desirable benefits regarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. We first make the case for the need to integrate forest restoration into large-scale land-use planning, by reviewing current evidence on the landscape-level influences and off-site impacts pertaining to forest restoration. We then discuss how science can guide the integration of forest restoration into large-scale land-use planning, by laying out key features of methodological frameworks required, reviewing the extent to which existing frameworks carry these features, and identifying methodological innovations needed to bridge the potential shortfall. Finally, we critically review the status of existing methods and data to identify future research efforts needed to advance these methodological innovations and, more broadly, the effective integration of forest restoration design into large-scale land-use planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Hua
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Pichancourt JB. Navigating the complexities of the forest land sharing vs sparing logging dilemma: analytical insights through the governance theory of social-ecological systems dynamics. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16809. [PMID: 38304187 PMCID: PMC10832625 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the ongoing debate on forest land-sparing vs land-sharing, aiming to identify effective strategies for both species conservation and timber exploitation. Previous studies, guided by control theory, compared sharing and sparing by optimizing logging intensity along a presumed trade-off between timber yield and ecological outcomes. However, the realism of this trade-off assumption is questioned by ecological and governance theories. This article introduces a mathematical model of Social-Ecological System (SES) dynamics, distinguishing selective logging intensification between sharing and sparing, with associated governance requirements. The model assumes consistent rules for logging, replanting, conservation support, access regulation, socio-economic, soil and climate conditions. Actors, each specialized in sustainable logging and replanting of a single species, coexist with various tree species in the same space for land sharing, contrasting with separate actions on monospecific stands for sparing. In sharing scenarios, a gradient of intensification is created from 256 combinations of selective logging for a forest with eight coexisting tree species. This is compared with eight scenarios of monospecific stands adjacent to a spared eight-species forest area safeguarded from logging. Numerical projections over 100 years rank sparing and sharing options based on forest-level tree biodiversity, carbon storage, and timber yield. The findings underscore the context-specific nature of the problem but identify simple heuristics to optimize both sparing and sharing practices. Prioritizing the most productive tree species is effective when selecting sparing, especially when timber yield and biodiversity are benchmarks. Conversely, sharing consistently outperforms sparing when carbon storage and biodiversity are main criteria. Sharing excels across scenarios considering all three criteria, provided a greater diversity of actors access and coexist in the shared space under collective rules ensuring independence and sustainable logging and replanting. The present model addresses some limitations in existing sparing-sharing theory by aligning with established ecological theories exploring the intricate relationship between disturbance practices, productivity and ecological outcomes. The findings also support a governance hypothesis from the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics (E. Ostrom) regarding the positive impact on biodiversity and productivity of increasing polycentricity, i.e., expanding the number of independent species controllers' channels (loggers/replanters/supporters/regulators). This hypothesis, rooted in Ashby's law of requisite variety from control theory, suggests that resolving the sharing/sparing dilemma may depend on our ability to predict the yield-ecology performances of sparing (in heterogeneous landscapes) vs of sharing (in the same space) from their respective levels of "polycentric requisite variety".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Pichancourt
- Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), INRAE, Laboratoire d’Ingénieurie des Systèmes Complexes (UR LISC), Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière, France
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3
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Newman L, Newell R, Dring C, Glaros A, Fraser E, Mendly-Zambo Z, Green AG, KC KB. Agriculture for the Anthropocene: novel applications of technology and the future of food. Food Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-023-01356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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4
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Hartel T, Fischer J, Shumi G, Apollinaire W. The traditional ecological knowledge conundrum. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:211-214. [PMID: 36669935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is gaining prominence among ecologists because it can help inform ecosystem management. Yet, sometimes TEK is maintained not because of positive values about the environment, but because of poverty and a lack of options. We discuss this conundrum and present hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hartel
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Str. Fantanele 30, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joern Fischer
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany.
| | - Girma Shumi
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany
| | - William Apollinaire
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Albertine Rift Conservation Society, Kigali, Rwanda
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5
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Jiren TS, Abson DJ, Schultner J, Riechers M, Fischer J. Bridging scenario planning and backcasting: A Q‐analysis of divergent stakeholder priorities for future landscapes. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David James Abson
- Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Jannik Schultner
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Maraja Riechers
- Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
| | - Joern Fischer
- Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana Universität Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany
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6
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Collas L, Crastes dit Sourd R, Finch T, Green R, Hanley N, Balmford A. The costs of delivering environmental outcomes with land sharing and land sparing. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Collas
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Romain Crastes dit Sourd
- Centre for Decision Research, Management Department Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Tom Finch
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bedfordshire UK
| | - Rhys Green
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bedfordshire UK
| | - Nick Hanley
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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7
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Schneider JM, Zabel F, Schünemann F, Delzeit R, Mauser W. Global cropland could be almost halved: Assessment of land saving potentials under different strategies and implications for agricultural markets. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263063. [PMID: 35192630 PMCID: PMC8863228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressure on land resources continuously increases not only with the rising demand for agricultural commodities, but also with the growing need for action on global challenges, such as biodiversity loss or climate change, where land plays a crucial role. Land saving as a strategy, where agricultural productivity is increased to allow a reduction of required cropland while sustaining production volumes and meeting demand, could address this trade-off. With our interdisciplinary model-based study, we globally assess regional potentials of land saving and analyze resulting effects on agricultural production, prices and trade. Thereby, different land saving strategies are investigated that (1) minimize required cropland (2) minimize spatial marginalization induced by land saving and (3) maximize the attainable profit. We find that current cropland requirements could be reduced between 37% and 48%, depending on the applied land saving strategy. The generally more efficient use of land would cause crop prices to fall in all regions, but also trigger an increase in global agricultural production of 2.8%. While largest land saving potentials occur in regions with high yield gaps, the impacts on prices and production are strongest in highly populated regions with already high pressure on land. Global crop prices and trade affect regional impacts of land saving on agricultural markets and can displace effects to spatially distant regions. Our results point out the importance of investigating the potentials and effects of land saving in the context of global markets within an integrative, global framework. The resulting land saving potentials can moreover reframe debates on global potentials for afforestation and carbon sequestration, as well as on how to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and thus contribute to approaching central goals of the 21st century, addressed for example in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement or the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Schneider
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Zabel
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Schünemann
- Department of Bioeconomy and Computational Science Lab, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ruth Delzeit
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mauser
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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8
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Asubonteng KO, Ros-Tonen MAF, Baud I, Pfeffer K. Envisioning the Future of Mosaic Landscapes: Actor Perceptions in a Mixed Cocoa/Oil-Palm Area in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 68:701-719. [PMID: 33057799 PMCID: PMC8560681 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The future and benefits of mosaic landscapes have been a source of scientific and societal concern due to increasing population growth, climate change, urbanization, and expanding agricultural commodities. There is a growing call for integrated landscape approaches in which landscape actors discuss trade-offs between different land uses with a view to reaching a negotiated decision on the allocation of land uses. Yet, the operationalization of such approaches is still in its infancy, and integrated methodologies to visualize actors' landscape visions are still scarce. This study therefore presents a participatory spatial scenario-building methodology that uncovers local perceptions of landscape dynamics and needed actions in a mixed cocoa-oil-palm landscape in Ghana's Eastern Region. The methodology visualizes landscape actors' perceived plausible changes and desired future landscapes, and is designed to trigger discussions on actions needed to achieve these desired futures. Findings show that farmers and institutional actors are aware of their landscapes with future preferences coming close to actual landscape composition and spatial configuration, and that-contrary to common assumptions-only those in the oil-palm-dominated landscape who already experienced the drawbacks of increasing landscape homogenization desire a mosaic landscape. The paper concludes that the collective mapping process makes actors aware of challenges at landscape level and increases farmers' negotiation power through active engagement in the process and visualization of their knowledge and visions. Application of the methodology requires dedicated funding, political will, and capacity to apply it as an ongoing process, as well as monitoring feedback loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwabena O Asubonteng
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, VW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam A F Ros-Tonen
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, VW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isa Baud
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, VW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Pfeffer
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Sidemo‐Holm W, Ekroos J, Smith HG. Land sharing versus land sparing—What outcomes are compared between which land uses? CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Sidemo‐Holm
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University Lund Sweden
- AgriFood Economics Centre, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
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10
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Fischer J, Bergsten A, Dorresteijn I, Hanspach J, Hylander K, Jiren TS, Manlosa AO, Rodrigues P, Schultner J, Senbeta F, Shumi G. A social-ecological assessment of food security and biodiversity conservation in Ethiopia. ECOSYSTEMS AND PEOPLE (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 17:400-410. [PMID: 34396139 PMCID: PMC8352376 DOI: 10.1080/26395916.2021.1952306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied food security and biodiversity conservation from a social-ecological perspective in southwestern Ethiopia. Specialist tree, bird, and mammal species required large, undisturbed forest, supporting the notion of 'land sparing' for conservation. However, our findings also suggest that forest areas should be embedded within a multifunctional landscape matrix (i.e. 'land sharing'), because farmland also supported many species and ecosystem services and was the basis of diversified livelihoods. Diversified livelihoods improved smallholder food security, while lack of access to capital assets and crop raiding by wild forest animals negatively influenced food security. Food and biodiversity governance lacked coordination and was strongly hierarchical, with relatively few stakeholders being highly powerful. Our study shows that issues of livelihoods, access to resources, governance and equity are central when resolving challenges around food security and biodiversity. A multi-facetted, social-ecological approach is better able to capture such complexity than the conventional, two-dimensional land sparing versus sharing framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern Fischer
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Arvid Bergsten
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Ine Dorresteijn
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hanspach
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolera S. Jiren
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Aisa O. Manlosa
- Social Sciences Department, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Patricia Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Jannik Schultner
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Feyera Senbeta
- Center for Environment and Development Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Shumi
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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11
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Jiren TS, Leventon J, Jager NW, Dorresteijn I, Schultner J, Senbeta F, Bergsten A, Fischer J. Governance Challenges at the Interface of Food Security and Biodiversity Conservation: A Multi-Level Case Study from Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 67:717-730. [PMID: 33591406 PMCID: PMC7955995 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring food security while also protecting biodiversity requires a governance system that can address intra- and intersectoral complexity. In this paper, we sought to explore the governance challenges surrounding food security and biodiversity conservation through an empirical study in Jimma zone, southwestern Ethiopia. We used bottom-up snowball sampling to identify stakeholders and then held semi-structured interviews with 177 stakeholders across multiple levels of governance. We also conducted 24 focus group discussions with local people. Data were transcribed and thematically analyzed for its contents. Challenges in the structure of institutions and policy incoherence were the key challenges identified for the governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. The challenges around institutional structure included incompatibilities of the nature of governing institutions with the complexity inherent within and between the two sectors examined. Incoherences in policy goals, instruments, and contradictions of policy output relative to the actual problems of food security and biodiversity further hampered effective governance of food security and biodiversity conservation. Notably, many of the challenges that influenced an individual sector also posed a challenge for the integrated governance of food security and biodiversity conservation, often in a more pronounced way. Based on our findings, we argue that governance in our case study area requires a more integrated and collaborative approach that pays attention to institutional interplay in order to ensure institutional fit and consistency across policy goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Leventon
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
- CzechGlobe Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas W Jager
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ine Dorresteijn
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jannik Schultner
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Feyera Senbeta
- Institute of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababam, Ethiopia
| | - Arvid Bergsten
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Joern Fischer
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Lueneburg, Germany
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12
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Green AG, Abdulai AR, Duncan E, Glaros A, Campbell M, Newell R, Quarshie P, KC KB, Newman L, Nost E, Fraser EDG. A scoping review of the digital agricultural revolution and ecosystem services: implications for Canadian policy and research agendas. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, blockchain, cellular agriculture, and big data analytics to food systems has been described as a digital agricultural revolution with the potential to increase food security and reduce agriculture’s environmental footprint. Yet, the scientific evidence informing how these technologies may impact or enhance ecosystem services has not been comprehensively reviewed. In this scoping review, we examine how digital agricultural technologies may enhance agriculture’s support of ecosystem services. Keyword searches in academic databases resulted in 2337 records, of which 74 records met review criteria and were coded. We identify three clusters of digital agricultural technologies including those that make farm management more precise, increase connectivity, and create novel foods. We then examine modelling and empirical evidence gaps in research linking these technologies to ecosystem services. Finally, we overview barriers to implementing digital agricultural technologies for better ecosystem services management in the Canadian context including economic and political systems; lack of policies on data management, governance, and cybersecurity; and limited training and human resources that prevents producers from fully utilizing these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G. Green
- Department of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Okanagan College, 1000 K.L.O Rd., Kelowna, BC V1Y 4X8, Canada
| | - Abdul-Rahim Abdulai
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emily Duncan
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alesandros Glaros
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- Office of the Vice-President, University of Guelph, University Centre Room 416, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rob Newell
- Food and Agriculture Institute, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Philip Quarshie
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Krishna Bahadur KC
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lenore Newman
- Food and Agriculture Institute, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Eric Nost
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Evan D. G. Fraser
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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13
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Newell R, Newman L, Dickson M, Vanderkooi B, Fernback T, White C. Hydroponic fodder and greenhouse gas emissions: a potential avenue for climate mitigation strategy and policy development. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research explores the potential hydroponic systems have for contributing to climate mitigation in fodder agriculture. Using British Columbia (BC) and Alberta as case studies, the study compares greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration potential of hydroponically grown sprouted barley fodder to conventional barley grain fodder. GHG emissions were examined through scenarios that assumed Alberta to be the main barley producer, while exploring different situations of BC and Alberta as consumers, distributed/centralized hydroponic systems, and renewable/nonrenewable energy. Carbon sequestration opportunities were examined through scenarios that explored the land sparing potential of transitioning from conventional to hydroponic barley and shifts from tillage to no-tillage practices. Sensitivity analyses were done to examine how changes in hydroponic seed-to-fodder output and energy consumption affect the systems’ climate mitigation potential. The results indicated that incorporating hydroponic systems into barley production has the potential to reduce GHG emissions, given seed-to-fodder output and energy consumption are maintained at certain levels and the systems are powered by renewable energy. Results also showed that hydroponic farming can provide greater carbon sequestration opportunities than simply shifting to no-tillage farming. The research indicates that hydroponic fodder farming could contribute to climate mitigation objectives if complemented with effective energy and land use policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newell
- Food and Agriculture Institute, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Lenore Newman
- Food and Agriculture Institute, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
| | - Mathew Dickson
- Hallbar Consulting, 170-422 Richards Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 2Z4, Canada
| | - Bill Vanderkooi
- Nutriva Group, 1356 Sumas Way, Abbotsford, BC V2S 8H2, Canada
| | - Tim Fernback
- Cubic Farm Systems Corporation, 9440 202 Street, Langley City, BC V1M 3Z4, Canada
| | - Charmaine White
- Food and Agriculture Institute, University of the Fraser Valley, 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M8, Canada
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14
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Dos Santos JS, Feltran-Barbieri R, Fonte ES, Balmford A, Maioli V, Latawiec A, Strassburg BBN, Phalan BT. Characterising the spatial distribution of opportunities and constraints for land sparing in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1946. [PMID: 32029788 PMCID: PMC7005321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is a megadiversity country with more tropical forest than any other, and is a leading agricultural producer. The technical potential to reconcile these roles by concentrating agriculture on existing farmland and sparing land for nature is well-established, but the spatial overlap of this potential with conservation priorities and institutional constraints remains poorly understood. We mapped conservation priorities, food production potential and socio-economic variables likely to influence the success of land sparing. Pasture occupies 70% of agricultural land but contributes ≤11% of the domestic food supply. Increasing yields on pasture would add little to Brazil’s food supply but – if combined with concerted conservation and restoration policies – provides the greatest opportunities for reducing land demand. Our study illustrates a method for identifying municipalities where land-sparing policies are most likely to succeed, and those where further effort is needed to overcome constraints such as land tenure insecurity, lack of access to technical advice, labour constraints, and non-compliance with environmental law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silveira Dos Santos
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil. .,Ecology Department, Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP, Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Feltran-Barbieri
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Ellen S Fonte
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Veronica Maioli
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka Latawiec
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Informatics, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 116B, 30-149, Kraków, Poland.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil.,Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, 22453900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 68020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Botanical Garden Research Institute of Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benjamin T Phalan
- International Institute of Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-320, Brazil. .,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil. .,Parque das Aves, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85855-750, Brazil.
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15
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Crespin SJ, Simonetti JA. Reconciling farming and wild nature: Integrating human-wildlife coexistence into the land-sharing and land-sparing framework. AMBIO 2019; 48:131-138. [PMID: 29752683 PMCID: PMC6346604 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Land has traditionally been spared to protect biodiversity; however, this approach has not succeeded by itself and requires a complementary strategy in human-dominated landscapes: land-sharing. Human-wildlife conflicts are rampant in a land-sharing context where wildlife co-occur with crops or livestock, but whose resulting interactions adversely affect the wellbeing of land owners, ultimately impeding coexistence. Therefore, true land-sharing only works if coexistence is also considered an end goal. We reviewed the literature on land-sharing and found that conflicts have not yet found their way into the land-sharing/sparing framework, with wildlife and humans co-occurring without coexisting in a dynamic process. To successfully implement a land-sharing approach, we must first acknowledge our failure to integrate the body of work on human-wildlife conflicts into the framework and work to implement multidisciplinary approaches from the ecological, economic, and sociological sciences to overcome and prevent conflicts. We suggest the use of Conflict Transformation by means of the Levels of Conflict Model to perceive both visible and deep-rooted causes of conflicts as opportunities to create problem-solving dynamics in affected socio-ecological landscapes. Reconciling farming and nature is possible by aiming for a transition to landscapes that truly share space by virtue of coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio J. Crespin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras #3425, 7800003 Ñuñoa, Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Tropicales de El Salvador, 1era calle poniente #3807, Colonia Escalón, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Javier A. Simonetti
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras #3425, 7800003 Ñuñoa, Santiago Chile
- Asociación Kauyeken, Santiago, Isla Riesco Chile
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