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Baranowska I, Gawrys O, Walkowska A, Olszynski KH, Červenka L, Falck JR, Adebesin AM, Imig JD, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Analog and 20-HETE Antagonist Combination Prevent Hypertension Development in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:798642. [PMID: 35111064 PMCID: PMC8802114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate a significant role for cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in blood pressure regulation, vascular tone, and control of renal function. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exhibit a spectrum of beneficial effects, such as vasodilatory activity and anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic properties. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a potent vasoconstrictor that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney. In the present study, the efficiency of EET-A (a stable analog of 14,15-EET) alone and combined with AAA, a novel receptor antagonist of 20-HETE, was tested in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Adult SHR (16 weeks old) were treated with two doses of EET-A (10 or 40 mg/kg/day). In the following experiments, we also tested selected substances in the prevention of hypertension development in young SHR (6 weeks old). Young rats were treated with EET-A or the combination of EET-A and AAA (both at 10 mg/kg/day). The substances were administered in drinking water for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was measured by telemetry. Once-a-week observation in metabolic cages was performed; urine, blood, and tissue samples were collected for further analysis. The combined treatment with AAA + EET-A exhibited antihypertensive efficiency in young SHR, which remained normotensive until the end of the observation in comparison to a control group (systolic blood pressure, 134 ± 2 versus 156 ± 5 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.05). Moreover the combined treatment also increased the nitric oxide metabolite excretion. Considering the beneficial impact of the combined treatment with EET-A and AAA in young rats and our previous positive results in adult SHR, we suggest that it is a promising therapeutic strategy not only for the treatment but also for the prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gawrys
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof H Olszynski
- Behavior and Metabolism Research Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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Cardoso AS, Klein L, Harden L, Costa RR, Kruel LFM. Heart rate profile and heart rate variability in volleyball athletes: a systematic review with meta-analyses. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021021620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Klein
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luan Harden
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Rochelle Rocha Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Faculdade de Educação Física, Brasil
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3
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Shi P, Li A, Wu L, Yu H. The effect of passive lower limb training on heart rate asymmetry. Physiol Meas 2021; 43. [PMID: 34915452 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac43c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) is an approach for quantitatively assessing the uneven distribution of heart rate accelerations and decelerations for sinus rhythm. We aimed to investigate whether automatic regulation led to HRA alternation during passive lower limb training. METHODS Thirty healthy participants were recruited in this study. The protocol included a baseline (Pre-E) and three passive lower limb training trials (E1, E2 and E3) with a randomized order. Several variance-based HRA variables were established. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, i.e., mean RR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF (n.u.), HF (n.u.) and VLF (ms2), and HRA variables, i.e., SD1a, SD1d, SD2a, SD2d, SDNNa and SDNNd, were calculated by using 5-min RR time series, as well as the normalized HRA variables, i.e., C1a, C1d, C2a, C2d, Ca and Cd. RESULTS Our results showed that the performance of HRA was distinguished. The normalized HRA was observed with significant changes in E1, E2 and E3 compared to Pre -E. Moreover, parts of non-normalized HRA variables correlated with HRV parameters, which indicated that HRA might benefit in assessing cardiovascular modulation in passive lower limb training. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggested that passive training led to significant HRA alternation and the application of HRA gave us the possibility for autonomic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Anan Li
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, no.580 Jungong road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Hongliu Yu
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
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Pre-performance Physiological State: Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Shooting Performance. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2019; 43:75-85. [PMID: 29124507 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-017-9386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used in sport science for monitoring the physiology of athletes but not as an indicator of physiological state from a psychological perspective. Since HRV is established to be an indicator of emotional responding, it could be an objective means of quantifying an athlete's subjective physiological state before competition. A total of 61 sport shooters participated in this study, of which 21 were novice shooters, 19 were intermediate shooters, and 21 were advanced level shooters. HRV, self-efficacy, and use of mental skills were assessed before they completed a standard shooting performance task of 40 shots, as in a competition qualifying round. The results showed that HRV was significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy and performance and was a significant predictor of shooting performance. In addition, advanced shooters were found to have significantly lower average heart rate before shooting and used more self-talk, relaxation, imagery, and automaticity compared to novice and intermediate shooters. HRV was found to be useful in identifying the physiological state of an athlete before competing, and as such, coaches and athletes can adopt practical strategies to improve the pre-performance physiological state as a means to optimize performance.
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Thomas BL, Claassen N, Becker P, Viljoen M. Validity of Commonly Used Heart Rate Variability Markers of Autonomic Nervous System Function. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 78:14-26. [PMID: 30721903 DOI: 10.1159/000495519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite strong reservations regarding the validity of a number of heart rate variability (HRV) measures, these are still being used in recent studies. AIMS We aimed to compare the reactivity of ostensible sympathetic HRV markers (low and very low frequency [LF and VLF]) to that of electrodermal activity (EDA), an exclusively sympathetic marker, in response to cognitive and orthostatic stress, investigate the possibility of LF as a vagal-mediated marker of baroreflex modulation, and compare the ability of HRV markers of parasympathetic function (root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] and high frequency [HF]) to quantify vagal reactivity to cognitive and orthostatic stress. RESULTS None of the purported sympathetic HRV markers displayed a reactivity that correlated with electrodermal reactivity. LF (ms2) reactivity correlated with the reactivity of both RMSSD and HF during baroreflex modulation. RMSSD and HF indexed the reactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system under conditions of normal breathing; however, RMSSD performed better as a marker of vagal activity when the task required breathing changes. CONCLUSIONS Neither LF (in ms2 or normalized units [nu]) nor VLF represent cardiac sympathetic modulation of the heart. LF (ms2) may reflect vagally mediated baroreflex cardiac effects. HRV linear analysis therefore appears to be restricted to the determination of vagal influences on heart rate. With regard to HRV parasympathetic markers, this study supports the suggestion that HRV frequency domain analyses, such as HF, should not be used as an index of vagal activity in study tasks where verbal responses are required, as these responses may induce respiratory changes great enough to distort HF power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lee Thomas
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - Nicolaas Claassen
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Piet Becker
- Research Office, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Margaretha Viljoen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Abstract
This study compares and describes relationships among stress-recovery indices, the heart rate variability index, and the Cooper and Yo-Yo IR1 tests among female soccer players during the last six weeks of the competitive season. Sixteen female soccer players engaged in a pre-test of all of the variables. After having their training monitored for six weeks, a post-test was administered. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the specific stress-recovery scales of the RESTQ-sport and in the frequency-domain variables of the HRV, although there were no significant differences in the general stress or general recovery scales. The Yo-Yo IR1 test, the Cooper test scores, and the means of the time-domain HRV variables did not exhibit any significant differences between the pre- and the post-test. The RMSSD variations exhibited very large and large correlations with the performance test and the RESTQ-sport variables, respectively. The variations in the HRV frequency-domain variables exhibited significant moderate and large correlations among the variations of the RESTQ-sport scales. Monitoring athletes at the end of the season may reveal contradictions between some variables. To help with the interpretation of these scales, some external aspects, such as athlete strain and monotony of training, should be considered.
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Rampichini S, Limonta E, Pugliese L, Cè E, Bisconti AV, Gianfelici A, La Torre A, Esposito F. Heart rate and pulmonary oxygen uptake response in professional badminton players: comparison between on-court game simulation and laboratory exercise testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2339-2347. [PMID: 30121883 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Badminton is characterized by bouts of high intensity interspersed by short recovery periods. Aerobic assessment via indirect calorimetry is impractical on court because of the encumbrance of portable metabolic devices. When the relationship between heart rate (HR) and pulmonary oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is linear, HR monitoring can provide an indirect estimation of metabolic demands on court. However, owing to the intermittent nature of badminton, the [Formula: see text] relationship will differ from that obtained in the laboratory, making its use on court questionable. The aims of this study were to (i) assess cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during on-court badminton rally simulations at different intensities and (ii) compare [Formula: see text] relationships obtained from laboratory and on-court measurements. METHODS The study sample was seven professional badminton players (age 16.9 ± 2.1 years; body mass 62.8 ± 9.2 kg; stature 1.71 ± 0.09 m). [Formula: see text] HR, and other respiratory and metabolic parameters were assessed in the laboratory with an incremental intermittent Astrand-type test (IIAT) and on court during rally simulations at three different intensities. RESULTS Cardiorespiratory parameters measured during the rallies reached 95% of maximal IIAT values. The [Formula: see text] slope and intercept differed in the on-court and the IIAT conditions (P = 0.012 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The difference in [Formula: see text] regression lines between the IIAT and the on-court condition indicates that HR monitoring may not provide accurate data on the aerobic demands of specific on-court badminton tasks. HR monitoring should be preceded by an indirect calorimetry test on court to assess aerobic demands more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela V Bisconti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antonio La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Cal Abad CC, Cruz IF, Flatt AA, Esco MR, Loturco I. Adequacy of the Ultra-Short-Term HRV to Assess Adaptive Processes in Youth Female Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet 2017; 56:73-80. [PMID: 28469745 PMCID: PMC5384054 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability has been widely used to monitor athletes’ cardiac autonomic control changes induced by training and competition, and recently shorter recording times have been sought to improve its practicality. The aim of this study was to test the agreement between the (ultra-short-term) natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal RR intervals (lnRMSSD - measured in only 1 min post-1 min stabilization) and the criterion lnRMSSD (measured in the last 5 min out of 10 min of recording) in young female basketball players. Furthermore, the correlation between training induced delta change in the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD and the criterion lnRMSSD was calculated. Seventeen players were assessed at rest pre- and post-eight weeks of training. Trivial effect sizes (-0.03 in the pre- and 0.10 in the post- treatment) were found in the comparison between the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD (3.29 ± 0.45 and 3.49 ± 0.35 ms, in the pre- and post-, respectively) and the criterion lnRMSSD (3.30 ± 0.40 and 3.45 ± 0.41 ms, in the pre- and post-, respectively) (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95 and 0.93). In both cases, the response to training was significant, with Pearson’s correlation of 0.82 between the delta changes of the ultra-short-term lnRMSSD and the criterion lnRMSSD. In conclusion, the lnRMSSD can be calculated within only 2 min of data acquisition (the 1st min discarded) in young female basketball players, with the ultra-short-term measure presenting similar sensitivity to training effects as the standard criterion measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Y Nakamura
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Pereira
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar C Cal Abad
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor F Cruz
- Associação Desportiva Classista Bradesco/Osasco, Osasco, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- University of Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Esco
- University of Alabama, Department of Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Irineu Loturco
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport - NAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Boos CJ, Bakker-Dyos J, Watchorn J, Woods DR, O'Hara JP, Macconnachie L, Mellor A. A comparison of two methods of heart rate variability assessment at high altitude. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:582-587. [PMID: 26769455 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful index of autonomic function and has been linked to the development of high altitude (HA) related illness. However, its assessment at HA has been undermined by the relative expense and limited portability of traditional HRV devices which have mandated at least a minute heart rate recording. In this study, the portable ithlete™ HRV system, which uses a 55 s recording, was compared with a reference method of HRV which utilizes a 5 min electrocardiograph recording (CheckMyHeart™ ). The root mean squares of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) for each device was converted to a validated HRV score (lnRMSSD × 20) for comparison. Twelve healthy volunteers were assessed for HRV using the two devices across seven time points at HA over 10 days. There was no significant change in the HRV values with either the ithlete (P = 0·3) or the CheckMyHeart™ (P = 0·19) device over the seven altitudes. There was also a strong overall correlation between the ithlete™ and CheckMyHeart™ device (r = 0·86; 95% confidence interval: 0·79-0·91). The HRV was consistently, though non-significantly higher with ithlete™ than with the CheckMyHeart™ device [mean difference (bias) 1·8 l; 95% CI -12·3 to 8·5]. In summary, the ithlete™ and CheckMyHeart™ system provide relatively similar results with good overall agreement at HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Boos
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation trust, UK.,Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | | | - David Richard Woods
- Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, UK.,Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Paul O'Hara
- Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee Macconnachie
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation trust, UK
| | - Adrian Mellor
- Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, UK.,Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough, UK
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Abstract
In the sport context, recovery has been characterized as a multifactor process (physiological, psychological, behavioral, social, etc.). This study takes a multidisciplinary approach to find psychophysiological markers of the stress-recovery process. It aims to determine how athletes' specific recovery actions relate to their perceptions of recovery, and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). A total of 196 assessments were analyzed from 6 players on a men's professional basketball team within the Liga LEB Oro basketball federation (2012/2013 season). Perceptions of recovery, recovery strategies, and HRV were recorded. The results show a pattern of individual differences in behavior related to athletes' recovery actions and HRV profiles throughout the season (p < .05). Moreover, we observed that each player had different recovery needs. In light of these results, we suggest an individualistic approach to evaluating and monitoring recovery to attend more accurately to each player's recovery needs.
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