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Birkbeck MG, Heskamp L, Schofield IS, Hall J, Sayer AA, Whittaker RG, Blamire AM. Whole Muscle and Single Motor Unit Twitch Profiles in a Healthy Adult Cohort Assessed With Phase Contrast Motor Unit MRI (PC-MUMRI). J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:205-217. [PMID: 37776094 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor units (MUs) control the contraction of muscles and degenerate with age. It is therefore of interest to measure whole muscle and MU twitch profiles in aging skeletal muscle. PURPOSE Apply phase contrast MU MRI (PC-MUMRI) in a cohort of healthy adults to measure whole anterior compartment, individual muscles, and single MU twitch profiles in the calf. Assess the effect of age and sex on contraction and relaxation times. STUDY TYPE Prospective cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Sixty-one healthy participants (N = 32 male; age 55 ± 16 years [range: 26-82]). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 3 T, velocity encoded gradient echo and single shot spin echo pulsed gradient spin echo, echo-planar imaging. ASSESSMENT Anterior shin compartment (N = 47), individual muscle (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus; N = 47) and single MU (N = 34) twitch profiles were extracted from the data to calculate contraction and relaxation times. STATISTICAL TESTS Multivariable linear regression to investigate relationships between age, sex and contraction and relaxation times of the whole anterior compartment. Pearson correlation to investigate relationships between age and contraction and relaxation times of individual muscles and single MUs. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Age and sex predicted significantly increased contraction and relaxation time for the anterior compartment. Females had significantly longer contraction times than males (females 86 ± 8 msec, males 80 ± 9 msec). Relaxation times were longer, not significant (females 204 ± 36 msec, males 188 ± 34 msec, P = 0.151). Contraction and relaxation times of single MUs showed no change with age (P = 0.462, P = 0.534, respectively). DATE CONCLUSION Older participants had significantly longer contraction and relaxation times of the whole anterior compartment compared to younger participants. Females had longer contraction and relaxation times than males, significant for contraction time. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Birkbeck
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Northern Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Linda Heskamp
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian S Schofield
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie Hall
- Department of Neuroradiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roger G Whittaker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Role of Knee and Ankle Extensors' Muscle-Tendon Properties in Dynamic Balance Recovery from a Simulated Slip. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093483. [PMID: 35591172 PMCID: PMC9104373 DOI: 10.3390/s22093483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Participants exposed to a simulated slip with forward loss of balance (FLB) develop large lower limb joint moments which may be a limiting factor for those whose muscle-tendon units’ (MTUs) properties are deteriorated. Whether the age-related decline in these properties limits participants’ capacity to recover their balance following a slip with FLB remains unclear. We combined isokinetic dynamometry, ultrasound and EMG to understand how knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor muscle strength and power, rate of moment development, electromechanical delay, and tendon stiffness affected the balance of young (25.3 ± 3.9 years) and older adults (62.8 ± 7.1 years) when recovering from a single slip with FLB triggered whilst walking on a split-belt instrumented treadmill. Except for the patellar tendon’s stiffness, knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor electromechanical delays, older adults’ MTUs properties were deteriorated compared to those of young participants (p < 0.05). We found no significant relationship between age or the MTUs properties of participants and balance recovery. These findings provide additional support that neither maximal nor explosive strength training are likely to be successful in preventing a fall for healthy older adults, and that other type of interventions, such as task-specific training that has already proved efficacious in reducing the risk of falling, should be developed.
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Phillips KC, Noh B, Gage M, Yoon T. Neural and muscular alterations of the plantar flexors in middle-aged women. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111674. [PMID: 34954012 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the large population of middle-aged adults, it is important to understand the age-related change in lower limb muscles and the possible mechanisms before old age (> 65 years old). The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related neural and muscular alterations of the plantar flexors in young and middle-aged women. METHODS Twenty two middle-aged (54.0 ± 5.8 yrs) and 17 young (21.8 ± 1.4 yrs) recreationally active women performed rapid maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the plantar flexors. Absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD) and electromyography (EMG) were examined. Electrical stimulation was used to examine voluntary activation and contractile properties of the muscle. Ultrasonography was used to examine medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle thickness and pennation angle. A 6-minute walk and sit to stand task were also performed by all participants. RESULTS The middle-aged women had significantly lower MVIC torque (141 ± 49 vs. 109 ± 30 Nm, P = 0.031), absolute RTD (753.0 ± 313.6 vs. 423.0 ± 156.1 Nm/s, P = 0.001), and normalized peak RTD (554.0 ± 191.0 vs. 388.0 ± 91.9% MVIC/s, P = 0.001). Normalized early RTD0-50 and late RTD100-200, voluntary activation, and EMG were similar between groups. Resting twitch data showed that time to peak (124.0 ± 20.4 vs. 143.0 ± 16.7 ms, P = 0.002) and half relaxation time (73.1 ± 15.2 vs. 107.0 ± 28.2 ms, P < 0.001) was significantly faster for the young women. Thickness was greater in the lateral gastrocnemius (1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 cm, P = 0.006) for the young women. Pennation angle of both muscles were greater for the young women (15.8 ± 3.9 vs. 13.1 ± 2.7 degrees, P < 0.05). Performance of the 6-minute walk was similar between groups, however, the young women performed more repetitions during the sit to stand task (25.6 ± 6.7 vs. 18.3 ± 4.7 reps, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Compared to young women, middle-age women were shown to have lower MVIC torque, peak RTD, and functional performance. Muscle architecture and contractile properties are affected by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton 49931, USA; Exercise Science Program, Brevard College, Brevard 28712, USA
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Gage
- Career Program, Gogebic Community College, Houghton 49931, USA
| | - Tejin Yoon
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton 49931, USA; Department of Physical Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Biohealth-machinery Convergence Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Ateş F, Coleman-Wood K, Litchy W, Kaufman KR. Intramuscular pressure of human tibialis anterior muscle detects age-related changes in muscle performance. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 60:102587. [PMID: 34428670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular pressure (IMP) reflects forces produced by a muscle. Age is one of the determinants of skeletal muscle performance. The present study aimed to test whether IMP mirrors known age-related muscular changes. We simultaneously measured the tibialis anterior (TA) IMP, compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and ankle torque in thirteen older adults (60-80 years old) in vivo by applying different stimulation intensities and frequencies. We found significant positive correlations between the stimulation intensity and IMP and CMAP. Increasing stimulation frequency caused ankle torque and IMP to increase. The electromechanical delay (EMD) (36 ms) was longer than the onset of IMP (IMPD) (29 ms). Compared to the previously published data collected from young adults (21-40 years old) in identical conditions, the TA CMAP and IMP of older adults at maximum intensity of stimulation were 23.8% and 39.6% lower, respectively. For different stimulation frequencies, CMAP, IMP, as well as ankle torque of older adults were 20.5%, 24.2%, and 13.2% lower, respectively. Surprisingly, the EMD did not exhibit any difference between young and older adults and the IMPD was consistent with the EMD. Data supporting the hypotheses suggest that IMP measurement is an indicator of muscle performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Ateş
- Aerospace Engineering and Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krista Coleman-Wood
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William Litchy
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Anders C, Sander K, Layher F, Patenge S, Kinne RW. Temporal and spatial relationship between gluteal muscle Surface EMG activity and the vertical component of the ground reaction force during walking. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251758. [PMID: 34038412 PMCID: PMC8153502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimized temporal and spatial activation of the gluteal intermuscular functional unit is essential for steady gait and minimized joint loading. RESEARCH QUESTION To analyze the temporal relationship between spatially resolved surface EMG (SEMG) of the gluteal region and the corresponding ground reaction force (GRF). METHODS Healthy adults (29♀; 25♂; age 62.6±7.0 years) walked at their self-selected slow, normal, and fast walking speeds on a 10 m walkway (ten trials/speed). Bilateral paired eight-electrode strips were horizontally aligned at mid-distance of the vertical line between greater trochanter and iliac crest. Concerning the ventral to dorsal direction, the center of each strip was placed on this vertical line. Initially, these signals were monopolarly sampled, but eight vertically oriented bipolar channels covering the whole gluteal region from ventral to dorsal (P1 to P8) were subsequently calculated by subtracting the signals of the corresponding electrodes of each electrode strip for both sides of the body. Three vertical bipolar channels represented the tensor fasciae latae (TFL; P2), gluteus medius (Gmed, SENIAM position; average of P4 and P5), and gluteus maximus muscles (Gmax; P7). To determine the interval between SEMG and corresponding GRF, the time delay (TD) between the respective first amplitude peaks (F1) in SEMG and vertical GRF curves was calculated. RESULTS Throughout the grand averaged SEMG curves, the absolute amplitudes significantly differed among the three walking speeds at all electrode positions, with the amplitude of the F1 peak significantly increasing with increasing speed. In addition, when normalized to slow, the relative SEMG amplitude differences at the individual electrode positions showed an impressively homogeneous pattern. In both vertical GRF and all electrode SEMGs, the F1 peak occurred significantly earlier with increasing speed. Also, the TD between SEMG and vertical GRF F1 peaks significantly decreased with increasing speed. Concerning spatial activation, the TD between the respective F1 peaks in the SEMG and vertical GRF was significantly shorter for the ventral TFL position than the dorsal Gmed and Gmax positions, showing that the SEMG F1 peak during this initial phase of the gait cycle occurred earlier in the dorsal positions, and thus implying that the occurrence of the SEMG F1 peak proceeded from dorsal to ventral. SIGNIFICANCE Tightly regulated spatial and temporal activation of the gluteal intermuscular functional unit, which includes both speed- and position-dependent mechanisms, seems to be an essential requirement for a functionally optimized, steady gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Anders
- Division of Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics; Experimental Trauma Surgery; Department for Hand, Reconstructive, and Trauma Surgery; Jena University Hospital; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Sander
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Deutsches Zentrum für Orthopädie; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Layher
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Deutsches Zentrum für Orthopädie; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Patenge
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Deutsches Zentrum für Orthopädie; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Raimund W. Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Deutsches Zentrum für Orthopädie; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Gao Y, Luo Y, Zhao J, Li Q. sEMG-angle estimation using feature engineering techniques for least square support vector machine. Technol Health Care 2020; 27:31-46. [PMID: 31045525 PMCID: PMC6598017 DOI: 10.3233/thc-199005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the practical implementation of control of electromyography (sEMG) driven devices, algorithms should recognize the human's motion from sEMG with fast speed and high accuracy. This study proposes two feature engineering (FE) techniques, namely, feature-vector resampling and time-lag techniques, to improve the accuracy and speed of least square support vector machine (LSSVM) for wrist palmar angle estimation from sEMG feature. The root mean square error and correlation coefficients of LSSVM with FE are 9.50 ± 2.32 degree and 0.971 ± 0.018 respectively. The average training time and average execution time of LSSVM with FE in processing 12600 sEMG points are 0.016 s and 0.053 s respectively. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, its estimation results are compared with those of three other methods, namely, LSSVM, radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and RBF with FE. Experimental results verify that introduction of time-lag into feature vector can greatly improve the estimation accuracy of both RBF and LSSVM; meanwhile the application of feature-vector resampling technique can significantly increase the training and execution speed of RBF neural network and LSSVM. Among different algorithms applied in this study, LSSVM with FE techniques performed best in terms of training and execution speed, as well as estimation accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Luo
- Corresponding author: Yang Luo, State Key Lab of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. Tel.: +86 15776674271; E-mail:
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Gago PR, Arndt A, Marques MC, Marinho DA, Ekblom MM. Effects of post activation potentiation on electromechanical delay. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 70:115-122. [PMID: 31476603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electromechanical delay (EMD) presumably depends upon both contractile and tensile factors. It has recently been used as an indirect measure of muscle tendon stiffness to study adaptations to stretching and training. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether contractile properties induced by a 6 s maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) could affect EMD without altering passive muscle tendon stiffness or stiffness index. Plantar flexor twitches were evoked via electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve in eight highly trained male sprinters before and after a 6 s MVIC in passive isometric or passively shortening or lengthening muscles. For each twitch, EMD, twitch contractile properties and SOLM-Wave were measured. Passive muscle tendon stiffness was measured from the slope of the relation between torque and ankle angle during controlled passive dorsal flexion and stiffness index by curve-fitting the torque angle data using a second-order polynomial function. EMD did not differ between isometric, lengthening or shortening movements. EMD was reduced by up to 11.56 ± 5.64% immediately after the MVIC and stayed depressed for up to 60 s after conditioning. Peak twitch torque and rate of torque development were potentiated by up to 119.41 ± 37.15% and 116.06 ± 37.39%, respectively. Rising time was reduced by up to 14.46 ± 7.22%. No significant changes occurred in passive muscle tendon stiffness or stiffness index. Using a conditioning MVIC, it was shown that there was an acute enhancement of contractile muscle properties as well as a significant reduction in EMD with no corresponding changes in stiffness. Therefore, caution should be taken when using and interpreting EMD as a proxy for muscle tendon stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Gago
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Arndt
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden; Institution CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mário C Marques
- University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Maria M Ekblom
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
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Biazon TMPC, Ugrinowitsch C, Soligon SD, Oliveira RM, Bergamasco JG, Borghi-Silva A, Libardi CA. The Association Between Muscle Deoxygenation and Muscle Hypertrophy to Blood Flow Restricted Training Performed at High and Low Loads. Front Physiol 2019; 10:446. [PMID: 31057426 PMCID: PMC6479177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic stress induced by blood flow restriction (BFR) during resistance training (RT) might maximize muscle growth. However, it is currently unknown whether metabolic stress are associated with muscle hypertrophy after RT protocols with high- or low load. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the effect of high load RT (HL-RT), high load BFR (HL-BFR), and low load BFR (LL-BFR) on deoxyhemoglobin concentration [HHb] (proxy marker of metabolic stress), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), activation, strength, architecture and edema before (T1), after 5 (T2), and 10 weeks (T3) of training with these protocols. Additionally, we analyzed the occurrence of association between muscle deoxygenation and muscle hypertrophy. Thirty young men were selected and each of participants’ legs was allocated to one of the three experimental protocols in a randomized and balanced way according to quartiles of the baseline CSA and leg extension 1-RM values of the dominant leg. The dynamic maximum strength was measured by 1-RM test and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area CSA echo intensity (CSAecho) and pennation angle (PA) were performed through ultrasound images. The measurement of muscle activation by surface electromyography (EMG) and [HHb] through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of VL were performed during the training session with relative load obtained after the 1-RM, before (T1), after 5 (T2), and 10 weeks (T3) training. The training total volume (TTV) was greater for HL-RT and HL-BFR compared to LL-BFR. There was no difference in 1-RM, CSA, CSAecho, CSAecho/CSA, and PA increases between protocols. Regarding the magnitude of the EMG, the HL-RT and HL-BFR groups showed higher values than and LL-BFR. On the other hand, [HHb] was higher for HL-BFR and LL-BFR. In conclusion, our results suggest that the addition of BFR to exercise contributes to neuromuscular adaptations only when RT is performed with low-load. Furthermore, we found a significant association between the changes in [HHb] (i.e., metabolic stress) and increases in muscle CSA from T2 to T3 only for the LL-BFR, when muscle edema was attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís M P C Biazon
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel D Soligon
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ramon M Oliveira
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João G Bergamasco
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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Sardeli AV, Gáspari AF, Santos WMD, Moraes DFG, Gadelha VB, Santos LDC, Ferreira MLV, Prudêncio SMDJ, Bonfante ILP, Rodrigues B, Cavaglieri CR, Fernhall B, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Time-course of health-related adaptations in response to combined training in hypertensive elderly: immune and autonomic modulation interactions. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V. Sardeli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
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Magrini MA, Thiele RM, Colquhoun RJ, Barrera-Curiel A, Blackstock TS, DeFreitas JM. The reactive leg drop: a simple and novel sensory-motor assessment to predict fall risk in older individuals. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1556-1561. [PMID: 29357449 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00713.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is need for a functional ability test that appropriately assesses the rapid integration of the sensory and motor systems required for older adults to recover from a slip. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and reliability of a novel test, the reactive leg drop, for assessing sensory-motor function in older adults. Fourteen young (YW; mean age = 20 yr) and 11 older women (OW; mean age = 76 yr) participated in this study. For each drop, the leg was passively moved to full extension and then released. The subjects had to recognize their leg was free-falling and reactively kick up as quickly as possible during varying sensory conditions. To assess the leg drop's reliance on proprioception, other proprioceptive tests (e.g., patellar tendon reflexes and balance) were separately performed. Leg drops performed with the eyes closed ( P = 0.011) and with a blocked view of the leg ( P = 0.033) showed significant differences in drop angle between YW and OW. Significant relationships between leg drop conditions and balance were observed in OW that were not present within YW. When collapsed across groups, reflex latency was correlated with drop angle when the eyes were closed. The reactive leg drop was age sensitive, reliable, and likely reliant on proprioception, as shown by relationships to other sensory-motor assessments, such as balance and the patellar reflex. Although more research is needed, we propose that the reactive leg drop is an effective tool to assess sensory-motor integration in a manner that may mimic fall recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The reactive leg drop was age sensitive and was significantly related to other sensory-motor assessments. The ability to accurately assess sensory-motor integration may aid clinicians, practitioners, and researchers in developing new interventions. The reactive leg drop presented in the current study is a potentially effective tool to assess sensory and motor integration in a manner that may mimic fall recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchel A Magrini
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Ryan M Thiele
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ryan J Colquhoun
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | | | - Taryn S Blackstock
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jason M DeFreitas
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Ateş F, Davies BL, Chopra S, Coleman-Wood K, Litchy WJ, Kaufman KR. Intramuscular Pressure of Tibialis Anterior Reflects Ankle Torque but Does Not Follow Joint Angle-Torque Relationship. Front Physiol 2018; 9:22. [PMID: 29416514 PMCID: PMC5787576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular pressure (IMP) is the hydrostatic fluid pressure that is directly related to muscle force production. Electromechanical delay (EMD) provides a link between mechanical and electrophysiological quantities and IMP has potential to detect local electromechanical changes. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship of IMP with the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) activity at different ankle positions. We hypothesized that (1) the TA IMP and the surface EMG (sEMG) and fine-wire EMG (fwEMG) correlate to ankle joint torque, (2) the isometric force of TA increases at increased muscle lengths, which were imposed by a change in ankle angle and IMP follows the length-tension relationship characteristics, and (3) the electromechanical delay (EMD) is greater than the EMD of IMP during isometric contractions. Fourteen healthy adults [7 female; mean (SD) age = 26.9 (4.2) years old with 25.9 (5.5) kg/m2 body mass index] performed (i) three isometric dorsiflexion (DF) maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and (ii) three isometric DF ramp contractions from 0 to 80% MVC at rate of 15% MVC/second at DF, Neutral, and plantarflexion (PF) positions. Ankle torque, IMP, TA fwEMG, and TA sEMG were measured simultaneously. The IMP, fwEMG, and sEMG were significantly correlated to the ankle torque during ramp contractions at each ankle position tested. This suggests that IMP captures in vivo mechanical properties of active muscles. The ankle torque changed significantly at different ankle positions however, the IMP did not reflect the change. This is explained with the opposing effects of higher compartmental pressure at DF in contrast to the increased force at PF position. Additionally, the onset of IMP activity is found to be significantly earlier than the onset of force which indicates that IMP can be designed to detect muscular changes in the course of neuromuscular diseases impairing electromechanical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Ateş
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brenda L Davies
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Swati Chopra
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Krista Coleman-Wood
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - William J Litchy
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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12
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Palmer TB, Thiele RM, Thompson BJ. Age-Related Differences in Maximal and Rapid Torque Characteristics of the Hip Extensors and Dynamic Postural Balance in Healthy, Young and Old Females. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:480-488. [PMID: 27227788 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Palmer, TB, Thiele, RM, and Thompson, BJ. Age-related differences in maximal and rapid torque characteristics of the hip extensors and dynamic postural balance in healthy, young and old females. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 480-488, 2017-The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in maximal and rapid torque characteristics of the hip extensor muscles and dynamic postural balance in healthy, young and older females. Eleven younger (age, 26 ± 8 years) and 11 older (age, 67 ± 8 years) females performed 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the hip extensor muscles. Absolute and relative peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD) at early (0-50 ms) and late (0-200 ms) phases of muscle contraction were examined during each MVC. Dynamic postural balance was assessed using a commercially designed balance testing device, which provides a measurement of dynamic stability based on the overall stability index (OSI). Results indicated that absolute PT and early (RTD50) and late (RTD200) RTD variables were lower (p = 0.009-0.050), and postural OSI was higher (p = 0.011) in the old compared with the younger females; however, no differences were observed for relative PT or RTD variables (p = 0.113-0.895). A significant relationship was also observed in the older (r = -0.601; p = 0.050) but not the younger (r = -0.132; p = 0.698) females between RTD50 and OSI. The lower absolute PT and RTD and higher OSI values for the old females may contribute to the increased functional limitations often observed in older adults. The significant relationship observed in the older females between OSI and RTD50 perhaps suggests that these age-related declines in explosive strength may be an important characteristic relevant to dynamic balance scores, especially in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty B Palmer
- 1Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas; 2Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas Sate University, Manhattan, Kansas; and 3Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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13
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Muscle group specific changes in the electromechanical delay following short-term resistance training. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 19:761-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Stock MS, Thompson BJ. Adipose tissue thickness does not affect the electromechanical delay. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:418-28. [PMID: 26910060 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/3/418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
During voluntary contractions in humans, the subcutaneous tissues between surface electrodes and active motor units have been shown to attenuate surface electromyographic (EMG) signal amplitude. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between adipose tissue thickness and the electromechnical delay (EMD) during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Thirty-two healthy women (mean ± SD age = 21 ± 2 years; mass = 60.7 ± 11.5 kg; height = 161.7 ± 7.5 cm; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body-fat percentage = 33.1 ± 9.9%) performed MVCs of the right leg extensors while bipolar surface EMG signals were detected from the vastus lateralis muscle. EMD was calculated as the time (ms) between EMG and torque onsets. B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine adipose tissue thickness over the same location of the vastus lateralis where the EMG sensor was placed. Partial correlation was used to examine the relationship between adipose tissue thickness and EMD while statistically removing the influence of peak torque, EMG amplitude, and vastus lateralis muscle thickness. The partial correlation demonstrated no relationship between adipose tissue thickness and EMD (r = -0.010, p = 0.956). Collectively, these findings demonstrated that adiposity does not influence the estimation of EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Stock
- Muscular Assessment Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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