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Yasuda A, Kubo K. Effects of Static Stretching on the Blood Circulation of Human Tendon In Vivo. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2024; 2024:4413113. [PMID: 38654719 PMCID: PMC11023726 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4413113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of 2- and 5 min of static stretching protocols on the changes in blood circulation of tendon (as well as muscle) and heart rate. Twelve healthy males (age: 26.2 ± 9.1 yrs) volunteered for this study. Before, during stretching, during the recovery period (30 min), blood circulation (oxyhemoglobin; oxy, deoxyhemoglobin; deoxy, blood volume; THb, oxygen saturation; StO2) of the Achilles tendon and medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured using red laser lights and near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, heart rate was measured during the experimental period. For 2- and 5 min of static stretching, oxy, deoxy, THb, and StO2 of the tendon did not change during or after stretching. Regarding muscle blood circulation, oxy and StO2 decreased, and deoxy and THb increased during 2- and 5 min of static stretching but returned immediately upon completion. In addition, heart rate significantly reduced during and after stretching, whereas the changes in blood volume of tendon and muscle during stretching were not associated with those in heart rate (except for the relationship between tendon THb and heart rate in 2 min of static stretching). These results suggest that static stretching showed no change in tendon blood circulation, although muscle blood circulation during stretching was altered. In addition, significant heart rate reduction with static stretching was not associated with changes in tendon and muscle blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yasuda
- Department of Life Science (Sports Sciences), The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kubo
- Department of Life Science (Sports Sciences), The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Matsuo H, Kubota M, Shimada S, Kitade I, Matsumura M, Nonoyama T, Koie Y, Naruse H, Takahashi A, Oki H, Kokubo Y, Matsumine A. The Effect of Static Stretching Duration on Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:379-385. [PMID: 32028461 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Matsuo, H, Kubota, M, Shimada, S, Kitade, I, Matsumura, M, Nonoyama, T, Koie, Y, Naruse, H, Takahashi, A, Oki, H, Kokubo, Y, and Matsumine, A. The effect of static stretching duration on muscle blood volume and oxygenation. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Muscle blood volume increases due to stretching; however, the minimum duration of stretching to sustainably increase the muscle blood volume after stretching has not yet been elucidated. This study examined whether the duration of static stretching influenced the muscle blood volume and oxygenation. Ten healthy male subjects participated in this controlled laboratory study. Static stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed for 5 durations (20 seconds, and 1, 2, 5, and 10 minutes). Changes in both the total-Hb (ΔtHb), as an index of blood volume, and tissue oxygenation index (ΔTOI) from baseline were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Both the ΔtHb and ΔTOI decreased during stretching and increased after stretching. The minimum value of ΔtHb during stretching did not differ in each of the 5 durations, but minimum ΔTOI progressively decreased with longer durations of stretching. The peak value of ΔtHb after stretching increased with longer durations of stretching. The value of ΔtHb at 5 minutes after the end of stretching increased with more than 2 minutes of stretching compared with 20 seconds of stretching, although the value of ΔtHb did not significantly differ between the 2, 5, and 10 minutes' durations. These findings suggest that a longer duration of stretching elicits a decrease in muscle oxygenation during stretching, and an increase in both the muscle blood volume and oxygenation after stretching. The results indicated that the minimum duration of stretching to sustain an increase in the muscle blood volume after stretching is 2 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsuo
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kubota
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Shimada
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ippei Kitade
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mayumi Matsumura
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Nonoyama
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koie
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Naruse
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ai Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oki
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokubo
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Gustafsson P, Crenshaw AG, Edmundsson D, Toolanen G, Crnalic S. Muscle oxygenation in Type 1 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with and without chronic compartment syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186790. [PMID: 29059243 PMCID: PMC5653333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients were referred for evaluation for chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) based on clinical examination and complaints of activity-related leg pain in the region of the tibialis anterior muscle. Previous studies using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) showed greater deoxygenation during exercise for CECS patients versus healthy controls; however, this comparison has not been done for diabetic CECS patients. METHODS We used NIRS to test for differences in oxygenation kinetics for Type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed with (CECS-diabetics, n = 9) versus diabetic patients without (CON-diabetics, n = 10) leg anterior chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Comparisons were also made between non-diabetic CECS patients (n = 11) and healthy controls (CON, n = 10). The experimental protocol consisted of thigh arterial cuff occlusion (AO, 1-minute duration), and treadmill running to reproduce symptoms. NIRS variables generated were resting StO2%, and oxygen recovery following AO. Also, during and following treadmill running the magnitude of deoxygenation and oxygen recovery, respectively, were determined. RESULTS There was no difference in resting StO2% between CECS-diabetics (78.2±12.6%) vs. CON-diabetics (69.1±20.8%), or between CECS (69.3±16.2) vs. CON (75.9±11.2%). However, oxygen recovery following AO was significantly slower for CECS (1.8±0.8%/sec) vs. CON (3.8±1.7%/sec) (P = 0.002); these data were not different between the diabetic groups. StO2% during exercise was lower (greater deoxygenation) for CECS-diabetics (6.3±8.6%) vs. CON-diabetics (40.4±22.0%), and for CECS (11.3±16.8%) vs. CON (34.1±21.2%) (P<0.05 for both). The rate of oxygen recovery post exercise was faster for CECS-diabetics (3.5±2.6%/sec) vs. CON-diabetics (1.4±0.8%/sec) (P = 0.04), and there was a tendency of difference for CECS (3.1±1.4%/sec) vs. CON (1.9±1.3%/sec) (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION The greater deoxygenation during treadmill running for the CECS-diabetics group (vs. CON-diabetics) is in line with previous studies (and with the present study) that compared non-diabetic CECS patients with healthy controls. Our findings could suggest that NIRS may be useful as a diagnostic tool for assessing Type 1 diabetic patients suspected of CECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Gustafsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Albert G. Crenshaw
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - David Edmundsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Toolanen
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sead Crnalic
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences (Orthopaedics), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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