1
|
Bryans CG, Gopaul J, Athaide CE, Pugh CJA, Au JS. The influence of physical activity and sex on carotid artery longitudinal wall motion in younger healthy adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:385-394. [PMID: 37963352 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) is a novel preclinical marker for atherosclerosis that describes the axial anterograde and retrograde motion of the intima-media complex. While regular physical activity and sex are known to independently influence arterial stiffness, their roles on axial arterial wall behaviour are unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine whether physical activity and sex impact CALM. We hypothesized that CALM retrograde displacement and total amplitude would be greater in females and active individuals, as a function of arterial stiffness. Fifty-seven young healthy adults (30 females; aged 22 ± 3 years) were evaluated for CALM outcomes and arterial stiffness and grouped by physical activity based on active (V̇O2 = 44.2 ± 8.9 mL/kg/min) or sedentary (V̇O2 = 33.7 ± 6.7 mL/kg/min) lifestyles defined by the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Arterial stiffness and CALM were measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and vascular ultrasound at the right common carotid artery with speckle tracking analysis, respectively. cfPWV was greater in males (p < 0.01) with no interaction between sex and physical activity (p = 0.90). CALM anterograde displacement was greater in males (p = 0.03) resulting in a forward shift in total CALM pattern, which became less prominent when controlling for mean arterial pressure (p = 0.06). All other CALM outcomes were not different between activity and sex. V̇O2max was not correlated to any CALM outcome (all p > 0.05). Apparent sex differences in vascular function extend to novel CALM outcomes but may be confounded by blood pressure. We recommend sex-balanced design and reporting in future studies due to possible anterograde-shifted CALM patterns in healthy males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol G Bryans
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Josh Gopaul
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Chloe E Athaide
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Christopher J A Pugh
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song XT, Rui YF, Fan L, Yan ZN. Echocardiographic Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue with Ascending Aorta Elasticity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Angiology 2023; 74:325-332. [PMID: 35710356 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221098298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium. In order to investigate the association between EAT and ascending aorta elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we prospectively enrolled a total of 135 T2DM patients and 63 age- and gender-matched non-T2DM controls in this study. They all underwent transthoracic echocardiography to measure EAT thickness and ascending aorta inner diameters which were used to calculate ascending aorta elastic parameters: compliance (C), distensibility (D), strain (S), stiffness index (SI), and Peterson's elastic modulus (EM). We found that the values of C, D, and S were significantly lower, while SI, EM, and EAT thickness were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with non-T2DM controls. Compared with T2DM patients with EAT < 5 mm group, C, D, and S were significantly reduced, SI and EM were significantly increased in T2DM patients with EAT ≥ 5 mm group (all P < .05). Bivariate correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that EAT was independently associated with ascending aorta elasticity. Our findings suggest that thickened EAT in patients with T2DM is associated with ascending aorta elasticity, independent of blood glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ting Song
- Department of Echocardiography, 599923The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Rui
- Department of Echocardiography, 599923The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Echocardiography, 599923The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ning Yan
- Department of Echocardiography, 599923The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Athaide CE, Samuel M, Jutlah LBL, Bryans CG, Au JS. The influence of respiration, neck flexion, and arterial segment on carotid artery longitudinal wall motion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:288-295. [PMID: 36579762 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00390.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) has been highly detailed in cross-sectional studies, there is little evidence to explain population interindividual variability. This study was conducted to investigate how common external factors impact CALM. Twenty-one young healthy adults (11 females, aged 22 ± 2 yr) underwent three within-subject protocols. To evaluate probe positioning, vascular ultrasound was performed at a proximal and distal location along the common carotid artery. To evaluate neck angle, scans were acquired with the neck positioned at 70°, 90°, maximum extension (112 ± 9°), and maximum flexion (51 ± 7°). For the respiratory cycle condition, scans were taken during 7 s of inhalation, 7 s of exhalation, and 7 s of breath hold. CALM was evaluated for anterograde, retrograde, and maximum displacements, as well as radial-axial displacement. CALM was greater at proximal versus distal locations (retrograde = 1.14 ± 0.62 vs. 0.63 ± 0.24 mm, maximal = 1.32 ± 0.59 vs. 0.73 ± 0.24 mm; all P < 0.05). Minimum neck angles had greater motion than maximum angles (maximum displacement = 1.03 ± 0.43 vs. 0.77 ± 0.23 mm, P < 0.05). Without correcting breathing bias, retrograde displacement was greater during inspiration versus expiration (1.06 ± 0.34 vs. 0.58 ± 0.24 mm) and breath hold (1.06 ± 0.34 vs. 0.58 ± 0.24 mm), diastolic CALM was greater during expiration versus breath hold (1.10 ± 0.44 vs. 0.76 ± 0.33 mm), and maximum CALM was smaller during breath hold versus expiration (0.89 ± 0.31 vs. 1.21 ± 0.39 mm) and inspiration (0.89 ± 0.31 vs. 1.41 ± 0.70 mm). We recommend scanning 1-2 cm proximal to the carotid bifurcation, maintaining a neutral neck angle (70°-90°) for optimal CALM data collection in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) provides unique cardiovascular health information, yet a standardized approach to measurement is nonexistent. We tested CALM during manipulation of common external factors including probe position, neck angle, and breathing. All three conditions were found to alter CALM with drift in the breathing condition correctable by use of a linear bias correction. Consistent techniques should be used in CALM acquisition to reduce variability between individuals and population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Athaide
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryia Samuel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren B L Jutlah
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol G Bryans
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahlgren ÅR, Erlöv T, Cinthio M. Response of the carotid artery longitudinal motion to submaximal physical activity in healthy humans-Marked changes already at low workload. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15580. [PMID: 36702558 PMCID: PMC9879728 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The longitudinal motion of the arterial wall, that is, the displacement of the arterial wall along the artery, parallel to blood flow, is still largely unexplored. The magnitude and nature of putative changes in longitudinal motion of the arterial wall in response to physical activity in humans remain unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to study the longitudinal motion of the carotid artery wall during physical activity in healthy humans. Using in-house developed non-invasive ultrasonic methods, the longitudinal motion of the intima-media complex and the diameter changes of the right common carotid artery (CCA) in 40 healthy volunteers (20 volunteers aged 22-35 years; 20 volunteers aged 55-68 years) were assessed at rest and during submaximal supine bicycle exercise. In a subset of the subjects (n = 18) also intramural shear strain were analyzed. The longitudinal motion of the intima-media complex underwent marked changes in response to physical activity, already at low workload; with most evident a marked increase of the first antegrade displacement (p < 0.001) in early systole. Likewise, the corresponding shear strain also increased significantly (p = 0.004). The increase in longitudinal motion showed significant correlation to increase in blood pressure, but not to blood flow velocity or wall shear stress. In conclusion, physical activity markedly influences the longitudinal motion of the carotid artery wall in healthy humans already at low load. A possible "cushioning" function as well as possible implications for the function of the vasa vasorum, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix of the media, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Rydén Ahlgren
- Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University HospitalLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Tobias Erlöv
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLundSweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin CX, Tian J, Yang HH, He Y. A preliminary study of changes in carotid artery elasticity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2022; 43:181-191. [PMID: 36585747 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid stiffening is found to be present in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) together with endothelial dysfunction and it remains unclear about the role of carotid elasticity in the development of diabetic vascular damage. The aim of the study was to investigate changes and significance of carotid artery elasticity in diabetic patients with or without microvascular complications using velocity vector imaging (VVI) analysis. METHODS Fifty participants were enrolled and divided into health Control group, the uncomplicated DM (uDM) group and the complicated DM (cDM) group. All of them underwent carotid ultrasound examinations. VVI was used to evaluate the common carotid artery (CCA) elasticity and intima-media thickness (IMT) was also measured. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was performed to detect the vascular endothelial function. Then differences and correlations of variables between three groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS CCA elasticity measured by VVI decreased significantly between three groups (p < 0.05), while FMD decreased significantly only in cDM group (p < 0.01) and only IMT in cDM group was significantly thicker than that of Control group (p < 0.05). Representative VVI variables were independently, negatively related to the known duration and microalbuminuria (p < 0.05). All VVI variables were significantly correlated with FMD (0.5 ≤ |r | <0.8, p < 0.001), and just a small part of VVI variables were significantly correlated with IMT (0.3 ≤ |r | <0.5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with FMD, CCA elasticity measured by VVI showed more obvious changes in diabetic patients with different levels of vascular damage and may be considered as an alternative indicator in evaluating arterial status of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Athaide CE, Spronck B, Au JS. Physiological basis for longitudinal motion of the arterial wall. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H689-H701. [PMID: 35213244 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As opposed to arterial distension in the radial plane, longitudinal wall motion (LWM) is a multiphasic and bidirectional displacement of the arterial wall in the anterograde (i.e., in the direction of blood flow) and retrograde (i.e., opposing direction of blood flow) directions. While initially disregarded as imaging artifact, LWM has been consistently reported in ultrasound investigations in the last decade and is reproducible beat-to-beat, albeit with large inter-individual variability across healthy and diseased populations. Emerging literature has sought to examine the mechanistic control of LWM to explain the shape and variability of the motion pattern but lacks considerations for key foundational vascular principles at the level of the arterial wall ultrastructure. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential factors that underpin the causes and control of arterial LWM, spanning considerations from the arterial extracellular matrix to systems-level integrative theories. First, an overview of LWM and relevant aspects wall composition will be discussed, including major features of the multiphasic pattern, arterial wall extracellular components, tunica fiber orientations, and arterial longitudinal pre-stretch. Second, current theories on the systems-level physiological mechanisms driving LWM will be discussed in the context of available evidence including experimental human research, porcine studies, and mathematical models. Throughout, we discuss implications of these observations with suggestions for future priority research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E Athaide
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stevens KA, Au JS. Case Studies in Physiology: Using premature ventricular contractions to understand the regulation of carotid artery longitudinal wall motion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1157-1161. [PMID: 34410844 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00441.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observations have identified a distinct longitudinal motion pattern of the common carotid artery, where the wall oscillates along its length both with (anterograde) and against (retrograde) the direction of blood flow. The regulation of the longitudinal pattern remains largely undetermined, in part due to difficulty uncoupling local pressure and flow stimuli from upstream energy sources. In this case study of a 29-yr-old male, we examine the regulation of longitudinal wall motion from the perspective of spontaneous premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). With respect to the pre-PVC beat, during the PVC, there was an 81% reduction in carotid blood velocity (96.8 to 18.4 cm/s), a 69% reduction in pulse pressure (58 to 18 mmHg), and a 59% reduction in apical left ventricular (LV) rotation (6.9 to 2.8°) as a result of reduced LV filling time. During this time, anterograde longitudinal wall motion was unchanged (0.06 mm), whereas retrograde motion was reduced by 91% (0.75 to 0.07 mm). During the compensated post-PVC beat, there were large increases in all outcomes, except for anterograde wall motion. Taken together, there appears to be little influence of either local or upstream factors on anterograde wall motion. Although retrograde wall motion generally mirrored blood pressure, blood velocity, and upstream cardiac movement, the primary motion regulator remains unclear. In this Case Study, we provide evidence against the role of blood velocity in regulating local wall motion and reinforce the potential importance of cardiac mechanics dictating the unique longitudinal motion pattern at the common carotid artery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Benign arrhythmias can be a useful tool to probe new hypotheses in physiology. We tested the control of longitudinal motion of the common carotid artery wall using observations from spontaneous premature ventricular contractions in a healthy male. Forwards wall motion remained unchanged despite large deviations in local blood velocity and backwards wall motion mirrored changes in pulse pressure, blood velocity, and cardiac motion, thereby revising our original hypothesis of the control of longitudinal wall motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailey A Stevens
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rizi FY, Au J, Yli-Ollila H, Golemati S, Makūnaitė M, Orkisz M, Navab N, MacDonald M, Laitinen TM, Behnam H, Gao Z, Gastounioti A, Jurkonis R, Vray D, Laitinen T, Sérusclat A, Nikita KS, Zahnd G. Carotid Wall Longitudinal Motion in Ultrasound Imaging: An Expert Consensus Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2605-2624. [PMID: 32709520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motion extracted from the carotid artery wall provides unique information for vascular health evaluation. Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion corresponds to the multiphasic arterial wall excursion in the direction parallel to blood flow during the cardiac cycle. While this motion phenomenon has been well characterized, there is a general lack of awareness regarding its implications for vascular health assessment or even basic vascular physiology. In the last decade, novel estimation strategies and clinical investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of the bi-axial behavior of the carotid artery, necessitating an up-to-date review to summarize and classify the published literature in collaboration with technical and clinical experts in the field. Within this review, the state-of-the-art methodologies for carotid wall motion estimation are described, and the observed relationships between longitudinal motion-derived indices and vascular health are reported. The vast number of studies describing the longitudinal motion pattern in plaque-free arteries, with its putative application to cardiovascular disease prediction, point to the need for characterizing the added value and applicability of longitudinal motion beyond established biomarkers. To this aim, the main purpose of this review was to provide a strong base of theoretical knowledge, together with a curated set of practical guidelines and recommendations for longitudinal motion estimation in patients, to foster future discoveries in the field, toward the integration of longitudinal motion in basic science as well as clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Yousefi Rizi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jason Au
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heikki Yli-Ollila
- Department of Radiology, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Spyretta Golemati
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Monika Makūnaitė
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Maciej Orkisz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Nassir Navab
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany; Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiina Marja Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hamid Behnam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhifan Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimilia Gastounioti
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rytis Jurkonis
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Didier Vray
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - André Sérusclat
- Department of Radiology, Louis Pradel Hospital; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Konstantina S Nikita
- Biomedical Simulations and Imaging Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Guillaume Zahnd
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reynolds T, Dillon O, Prinable J, Whelan B, Keall PJ, O’Brien RT. Toward improved 3D carotid artery imaging with Adaptive CaRdiac cOne BEAm computed Tomography (ACROBEAT). Med Phys 2020; 47:5749-5760. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Reynolds
- Faculty of Medicine and Health ACRF Image X InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
| | - Owen Dillon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health ACRF Image X InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
| | - Joseph Prinable
- Faculty of Medicine and Health ACRF Image X InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
| | - Brendan Whelan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health ACRF Image X InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
- Innovation, Advanced Therapies Siemens Healthcare GmbH Forchheim91301 Germany
| | - Paul J. Keall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health ACRF Image X InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
| | - Ricky T. O’Brien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health ACRF Image X InstituteThe University of Sydney Sydney NSW2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Au JS, Shenouda N, Oikawa SY, Gillen JB, Morton RW, Gibala MJ, Phillips SM, MacDonald MJ. Carotid Artery Longitudinal Wall Motion Is Unaffected by 12 Weeks of Endurance, Sprint Interval or Resistance Exercise Training. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:992-1000. [PMID: 31954551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) exhibits reduced magnitude in older adults and in individuals with chronic diseases, although longitudinal data are lacking to indicate how changes in CALM might develop over time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training in healthy men on CALM using a retrospective design. Carotid ultrasound data were analysed from two previous studies in which men performed 12 wk of moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (n = 9), sprint-interval training (n = 7), higher-repetition resistance exercise training (n = 15) or lower-repetition resistance exercise training (n = 15). The CALM pattern was unaltered after 12 wk of exercise training, regardless of exercise mode, with no differences in systolic or diastolic CALM magnitudes (p > 0.05), similar to carotid intima-media thickness (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that CALM is resistant to transient changes in lifestyle factors, similar to wall thickness in otherwise healthy populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ninette Shenouda
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Y Oikawa
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen J MacDonald
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Au JS, Proudfoot NA, Timmons BW, MacDonald MJ. Retrograde shift in carotid artery longitudinal wall motion after one-year follow-up in children. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Associations between carotid artery longitudinal wall motion and arterial stiffness indicators in young children. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
13
|
Gepner AD, McClelland RL, Korcarz CE, Young R, Kaufman JD, Mitchell CC, Stein JH. Carotid artery displacement and cardiovascular disease risk in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Vasc Med 2019; 24:405-413. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x19853362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel technology permits quantification of common carotid artery (CCA) displacement, which is traditionally ignored. We evaluated associations with CCA displacement and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and events in a large, multi-ethnic cohort. Right CCA longitudinal displacement (LD), transverse displacement (TD), and grayscale median (GSM) were evaluated using ultrasound speckle-tracking and texture analysis software in 2050 participants. Regression analyses were used to define relationships between CCA LD, TD, GSM, and CVD risk factors. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess relationships between LD, TD, and incident CVD events. Participants were mean (SD) 64 (10) years old. There were 791 cases with a CVD event over a 12-year median follow-up. The mean LD was 0.29 (0.20) mm. In multivariable models including age, sex, race/ethnicity, heart rate, and CVD risk factors, LD was associated positively with active smoking (β = 0.08, p < 0.001) and inversely with black (β = −0.08, p < 0.001), Chinese (β = −0.05, p < 0.001), and Hispanic (β = −0.04, p < 0.05) race/ethnicities relative to white individuals, heart rate (β = −0.03/10 beats/min, p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.01/5 mmHg, p < 0.05). In fully adjusted models, LD and TD were associated with GSM ( p < 0.01), but neither predicted incident CVD events (LD: hazard ratio (HR) 0.77 [0.48 to 1.24], p = 0.3; TD: HR 1.12 [0.8 to 1.57], p = 0.5). CCA LD and TD are associated with race/ethnicity and CVD risk factors but not incident CVD events. LD and TD are not measures of arterial stiffness but their association with GSM suggests that lower LD and TD may be related to structural changes within the carotid arterial wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Gepner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, William S Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robyn L McClelland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington-Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claudia E Korcarz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebekah Young
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington-Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington-Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carol C Mitchell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James H Stein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li H, Chayer B, Roy Cardinal MH, Muijsers J, van den Hoven M, Qin Z, Gesnik M, Soulez G, Lopata RGP, Cloutier G. Investigation of out-of-plane motion artifacts in 2D noninvasive vascular ultrasound elastography. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:245003. [PMID: 30524065 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf0d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound noninvasive vascular elastography (NIVE) has shown its potential to measure strains of carotid arteries to predict plaque instability. When two-dimensional (2D) strain estimation is performed, either in longitudinal or cross-sectional view, only in-plane motions are considered. The motions in elevation direction (i.e. perpendicular to the imaging plane), can induce estimation artifacts affecting the accuracy of 2D NIVE. The influence of such out-of-plane motions on the performance of axial strain and axial shear strain estimations has been evaluated in this study. For this purpose, we designed a diseased carotid bifurcation phantom with a 70% stenosis and an in vitro experimental setup to simulate orthogonal out-of-plane motions of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm. The Lagrangian speckle model estimator (LSME) was used to estimate axial strains and shears under pulsatile conditions. As anticipated, in vitro results showed more strain estimation artifacts with increasing magnitudes of motions in elevation. However, even with an out-of-plane motion of 2.0 mm, strain and shear estimations having inter-frame correlation coefficients higher than 0.85 were obtained. To verify findings of in vitro experiments, a clinical LSME dataset obtained from 18 participants with carotid artery stenosis was used. Deduced out-of-plane motions (ranging from 0.25 mm to 1.04 mm) of the clinical dataset were classified into three groups: small, moderate and large elevational motions. Clinical results showed that pulsatile time-varying strains and shears remained reproducible for all motion categories since inter-frame correlation coefficients were higher than 0.70, and normalized cross-correlations (NCC) between radiofrequency (RF) images were above 0.93. In summary, the performance of LSME axial strain and shear estimations appeared robust in the presence of out-of-plane motions (<2 mm) as encountered during clinical ultrasound imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zahnd G, Saito K, Nagatsuka K, Otake Y, Sato Y. Dynamic Block Matching to assess the longitudinal component of the dense motion field of the carotid artery wall in B‐mode ultrasound sequences — Association with coronary artery disease. Med Phys 2018; 45:5041-5053. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Zahnd
- Imaging‐based Computational Biomedicine Lab Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
- Computer Aided Medical Procedures Technische Universität München Boltzmannstraße 3 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Kozue Saito
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center 5‐7‐1 Fujishiro‐dai Suita Osaka 565‐8565 Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nagatsuka
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center 5‐7‐1 Fujishiro‐dai Suita Osaka 565‐8565 Japan
| | - Yoshito Otake
- Imaging‐based Computational Biomedicine Lab Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Sato
- Imaging‐based Computational Biomedicine Lab Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916‐5 Takayama‐cho Ikoma Nara 630‐0192 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Au JS, Yli-Ollila H, MacDonald MJ. An assessment of intra-individual variability in carotid artery longitudinal wall motion: recommendations for data acquisition. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:09NT01. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aadacf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Hope KD, Wang Y, Banerjee MM, Montero AE, Pandian NG, Banerjee A. Left atrial mechanics in children: insights from new applications of strain imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:57-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
18
|
Hope KD, Calderón Anyosa RJC, Wang Y, Montero AE, Sato T, Hanna BD, Banerjee A. Right atrial mechanics provide useful insight in pediatric pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045893218754852. [PMID: 29308704 PMCID: PMC5791474 DOI: 10.1177/2045893218754852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Right atrial (RA) mechanics have been studied infrequently in children in the past due to technical constraints. With the advent of strain imaging, RA physiology can now be studied in greater detail. The principal aim of this study was to describe functional changes in right heart mechanics of children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), by using new applications of RA strain. In this retrospective study, we evaluated RA mechanics of 20 patients (age range = 3-23 years) with PAH and 18 control patients. RA longitudinal strain (RALS) and longitudinal displacement (LD) were calculated by speckle-tracking echocardiography. RALS was plotted against LD, producing a characteristic strain-displacement (S-D) loop. Standard indices of right heart function and right heart catheterization data were obtained. Patients were clinically subdivided into "compensated" and "decompensated" PAH. A chart review was performed to identify patients who subsequently developed adverse outcomes, including death, awaiting or received lung and/or heart transplantation. RALS was significantly lower in decompensated PAH compared with both controls and compensated PAH. Area enclosed by S-D loops differed significantly between the compensated and decompensated PAH subgroups (5.33 [3.90-9.44] versus 1.83 [1.17-2.36], P < 0.05). S-D loop area and RALS possessed high sensitivity and specificity compared to other parameters for identifying children with PAH who subsequently developed adverse outcomes. In particular, their sensitivities and specificities were greatly superior compared to those of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). RALS may represent a useful metric for assessing right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. S-D loops, composed over an entire cardiac cycle, may present useful, composite information regarding both systolic and diastolic right heart function. RA mechanics may serve as useful tools for identifying patients with more severe PAH, who are at risk for future adverse outcomes associated with RV failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anirban Banerjee
- Anirban Banerjee, Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Říha K, Zukal M, Hlawatsch F. Analysis of Carotid Artery Transverse Sections in Long Ultrasound Video Sequences. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:153-167. [PMID: 29031984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Examination of the common carotid artery (CCA) based on an ultrasound video sequence is an effective method for detecting cardiovascular diseases. Here, we propose a video processing method for the automated geometric analysis of CCA transverse sections. By explicitly compensating the parasitic phenomena of global movement and feature drift, our method enables a reliable and accurate estimation of the movement of the arterial wall based on ultrasound sequences of arbitrary length and in situations where state-of-the-art methods fail or are very inaccurate. The method uses a modified Viola-Jones detector and the Hough transform to localize the artery in the image. Then it identifies dominant scatterers, also known as interest points (IPs), whose positions are tracked by means of the pyramidal Lucas-Kanade method. Robustness to global movement and feature drift is achieved by a detection of global movement and subsequent IP re-initialization, as well as an adaptive removal and addition of IPs. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using simulated and real ultrasound video sequences. Using the Harris detector for IP detection, we obtained an overall root-mean-square error, averaged over all the simulated sequences, of 2.16 ± 1.18 px. The computational complexity of our method is compatible with real-time operation; the runtime is about 30-70 ms/frame for sequences with a spatial resolution of up to 490 × 490 px. We expect that in future clinical practice, our method will be instrumental for non-invasive early-stage diagnosis of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Říha
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Zukal
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Franz Hlawatsch
- Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Telecommunications, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Au JS, Bochnak PA, Valentino SE, Cheng JL, Stöhr EJ, MacDonald MJ. Cardiac and haemodynamic influence on carotid artery longitudinal wall motion. Exp Physiol 2017; 103:141-152. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Au
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Paula A. Bochnak
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | | | - Jem L. Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Eric J. Stöhr
- Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff School of Sport; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
- Department of Medicine; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre; New York NY USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Albinsson J, Ahlgren ÅR, Jansson T, Cinthio M. A combination of parabolic and grid slope interpolation for 2D tissue displacement estimations. Med Biol Eng Comput 2017; 55:1327-1338. [PMID: 27837312 PMCID: PMC5544786 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parabolic sub-sample interpolation for 2D block-matching motion estimation is computationally efficient. However, it is well known that the parabolic interpolation gives a biased motion estimate for displacements greater than |y.2| samples (y = 0, 1, …). Grid slope sub-sample interpolation is less biased, but it shows large variability for displacements close to y.0. We therefore propose to combine these sub-sample methods into one method (GS15PI) using a threshold to determine when to use which method. The proposed method was evaluated on simulated, phantom, and in vivo ultrasound cine loops and was compared to three sub-sample interpolation methods. On average, GS15PI reduced the absolute sub-sample estimation errors in the simulated and phantom cine loops by 14, 8, and 24% compared to sub-sample interpolation of the image, parabolic sub-sample interpolation, and grid slope sub-sample interpolation, respectively. The limited in vivo evaluation of estimations of the longitudinal movement of the common carotid artery using parabolic and grid slope sub-sample interpolation and GS15PI resulted in coefficient of variation (CV) values of 6.9, 7.5, and 6.8%, respectively. The proposed method is computationally efficient and has low bias and variance. The method is another step toward a fast and reliable method for clinical investigations of longitudinal movement of the arterial wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Albinsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 3, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Rydén Ahlgren
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jansson
- Clinical Sciences Lund, Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Medical Services, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 3, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu C, Xiong H, Gao Z, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Du X, Wu W, Liu G, Li S. Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure and Two-dimensional (axial and radial) Motion of the Carotid Artery Wall: Physiological Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42254. [PMID: 28198819 PMCID: PMC5304179 DOI: 10.1038/srep42254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological relationship between local arterial displacement and blood pressure (BP) plays an integral role in assess- ment of the mechanical properties of arteries. In this study, we used more advanced methods to obtain reliable continuous BP and the displacement of the common carotid artery (CCA) simultaneously. We propose a novel evaluation method for arterial stiffness that relies on determining the physiological relationship between the axial and radial displacements of the CCA wall and beat-to-beat BP. Patients (total of 138) were divided into groups according to the following three criteria: essential hyper- tension (EH) and normotension, male and female, elderly and younger. The Pearson correlation test and canonical correlation analysis showed that the CCA indices were significantly correlated with BP indices (r = 0:787; p < 0:05). The slope of the CCA displacement/pressure curve showed a progressive reduction with increasing age and EH disease occurrence (EH: 0.496 vs. normotension: 0.822; age <= 60:0.585 vs. age > 60:0.783). Our method provides an explicit reference value and relationship for the manner in which the CCA wall responds to changes in BP. Short-term and continuous BP were significantly correlated with CCA displacement and exhibited a close inverse relationship with each subject's BP and EH, age, and systolic blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Xu
- School of computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Huahua Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhifan Gao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Heye Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiuquan Du
- School of computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guotao Liu
- School of computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yli-Ollila H, Tarvainen MP, Laitinen TP, Laitinen TM. Transfer Function Analysis of the Longitudinal Motion of the Common Carotid Artery Wall. Front Physiol 2016; 7:651. [PMID: 28082917 PMCID: PMC5186790 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The longitudinal motion of the carotid wall is a potential new measure of arterial stiffness. Despite the over decade long research on the subject, the driving force and the specific longitudinal kinetics of the carotid wall has remained unclear. In this study, a transfer function analysis with 20 healthy subjects is presented to derive how the energy from the blood pressure moves the innermost arterial wall longitudinally and how the kinetic energy is then transferred to the outermost arterial layer. The power spectrums display that the main kinetic energy of the longitudinal motion is on band 0-3 Hz with a peak on the 1.1 Hz frequency. There is a large variation among the individuals, how the energy from the blood pressure transfers into the longitudinal motion of the arterial wall since the main direction of the longitudinal motion varies individually and because early arterial stiffening potentially has an effect on the time characteristics of the energy transfer. The energy transfer from the innermost to the outermost wall layer is more straightforward: on average, a 17% of the longitudinal amplitude is lost and an 18.9 ms delay is visible on the 1.0 Hz frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Yli-Ollila
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS)Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland (UEF)Kuopio, Finland; Department of Radiology, Kanta-Häme Central HospitalHämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Mika P Tarvainen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS)Kuopio, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland (UEF)Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi P Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS)Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland (UEF)Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina M Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital (KYS) Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Au JS, Ditor DS, MacDonald MJ, Stöhr EJ. Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion is associated with local blood velocity and left ventricular rotational, but not longitudinal, mechanics. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/14/e12872. [PMID: 27440745 PMCID: PMC4962076 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified a predictable movement pattern of the common carotid artery wall in the longitudinal direction. While there is evidence that the magnitude of this carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) is sensitive to cardiovascular health status, little is known about the determinants of CALM. The purpose of this integrative study was to evaluate the contribution of left ventricular (LV) cardiac motion and local blood velocity to CALM. Simultaneous ultrasound measurements of CALM, common carotid artery mean blood velocity (MBV), and left ventricular motion were performed in ten young, healthy individuals (6 males; 22 ± 1 years). Peak anterograde CALM occurred at a similar time as peak MBV (18.57 ± 3.98% vs. 18.53 ± 2.81% cardiac cycle; t‐test: P = 0.94; ICC: 0.79, P < 0.01). The timing of maximum retrograde CALM displacement was different, but related, to both peak apical (41.00 ± 7.81% vs. 35.33 ± 5.79% cardiac cycle; t‐test: P < 0.01; ICC: 0.79, P < 0.01) and basal rotation (41.80 ± 6.12% vs. 37.30 ± 5.66% cardiac cycle; t‐test: P < 0.01; ICC: 0.74, P < 0.01) with peak cardiac displacements preceding peak CALM displacements in both cases. The association between basal rotation and retrograde CALM was further supported by strong correlations between their peak magnitudes (r = −0.70, P = 0.02), whereas the magnitude of septal longitudinal displacement was not associated with peak CALM (r = 0.11, P = 0.77). These results suggest that the rotational mechanical movement of the LV base may be closely associated with longitudinal mechanics in the carotid artery. This finding may have important implications for interpreting the complex relationship between ventricular and vascular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Ditor
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eric J Stöhr
- Discipline of Physiology & Health, Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tat J, Psaromiligkos IN, Daskalopoulou SS. Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Alters the Direction of Longitudinal Motion in the Artery Wall. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2114-2122. [PMID: 27260245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal motion of the artery, a cyclical, bidirectional movement of the wall in the long axis of the artery, has recently gained interest in the characterization of artery function. The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal motion in patients with internal carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Speckle tracking ultrasound was used to assess common carotid artery wall motion in 12 patients with carotid plaque causing either moderate (50%-79%) or severe (80%-99%) stenosis based on the North American Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, and 23 healthy participants. Although healthy individuals were found to have a retrograde wall motion pattern, a distinct anterograde pattern was noted with plaque presence. Importantly, patients with severe plaque stenosis had greater anterograde motion (0.53 ± 0.36 mm) than those with moderate stenosis (0.17 ± 0.15 mm) (p < 0.05), likely owing to high wall shear stresses associated with greater peak systolic velocities at the site of stenosis (severe: 342.0 ± 99.4 cm/s, moderate: 177.5 ± 31.2 cm/s, p < 0.01). There were no differences in peak systolic velocities at plaque-free segments between plaque groups (severe: 80.2 ± 24.8 cm/s, moderate: 92.7 ± 23.0 cm/s). Blood flow at stenotic areas better predicted motion than plaque-free segments. We conclude that the presence of carotid plaque can have significant influence on longitudinal motion, with significantly greater anterograde displacements with increased stenosis. Future studies are needed to further investigate carotid artery wall mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Tat
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ioannis N Psaromiligkos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Golemati S, Gastounioti A, Nikita KS. Ultrasound-Image-Based Cardiovascular Tissue Motion Estimation. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2016.2558147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|