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Brew A, O'Beirne S, Johnson MJ, Ramsenthaler C, Watson PJ, Rubini PA, Fagan MJ, Swan F, Simpson A. Airflow rates and breathlessness recovery from submaximal exercise in healthy adults: prospective, randomised, cross-over study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023:spcare-2023-004309. [PMID: 37669853 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facial airflow from a hand-held fan may reduce breathlessness severity and hasten postexertion recovery. Data from randomised controlled trials are limited and the optimal airflow speed remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of different airflow speeds on recovery from exercise-induced breathlessness. METHODS A prospective, randomised, cross-over design. Ten healthy participants (seven male; mean age 29±4 years; height 175±9 cm; body mass 76.9±14.1 kg) completed six bouts of 4 min of exercise. During the first 5 min of a 20 min recovery phase, participants received one of five airflow speeds by holding a fan ~15 cm from their face, or no fan control, administered in random order. Fan A had an internal blade, and fan B had an external blade. Breathlessness was measured using a numerical rating scale (NRS) at minute intervals for the first 10 min, and facial skin temperature was recorded using a thermal imaging camera (immediately postexertion and 5 min recovery). RESULTS Nine participants completed the trial. A significant main effect for airflow speed (p=0.016, ηp2=0.285) and interaction effect for airflow speed over time (p=0.008, ηp2=0.167) suggest that the airflow speed modifies breathlessness during recovery from exercise. Fan speeds of 1.7 m/s or greater increased the speed of recovery from breathlessness compared with control (p<0.05) with the highest airflow speeds (2.5 m/s and 3.3 m/s) giving greatest facial cooling. CONCLUSION Higher airflow rates (1.7 m/s or greater) reduced self-reported recovery times from exercise-induced breathlessness and reduced facial temperature .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brew
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Sarah O'Beirne
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Miriam J Johnson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Christina Ramsenthaler
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- School of Health Professions, Institute of Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Swan
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Andrew Simpson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Schams P, Feodoroff B, Zacher J, Eibel A, Froböse I. Validation of a smart shirt for heart rate variability measurements at rest and during exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2022; 42:190-199. [PMID: 35274441 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring is a promising option to estimate the autonomic nervous system regulation responding to exercise. Textiles with embedded sensors recording heartbeat intervals are a simple tool for data collection. So-called smart shirts offer comfort for a daily use and are managed easily. Their measurement accuracy for HRV calculation at rest is promising but remains questionable during exercise. Therefore, the present study validated the Ambiotex smart shirt using HRV indices (RMSSD, rel. HF power and rel. LF power) during exercise. Eighty-three healthy participants (31 ± 6 years; 39 females, 44 males) completed an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer wearing the smart shirt and an electrocardiogram simultaneously. We compared HRV indices of segments at rest (5 min), at warm-up (3 min) and twice at the exercise test (each 5 min). At rest and at warm-up, we observed excellent linear relationship (r > 0.96; R² > 0.94), excellent relative reliability (ICC ≥ 0.98; α ≥ 0.98) and acceptable agreement (bias < 10%). During the exercise test, measurement accuracy declined with increasing intensity but remained high (> 0.8), although results for partial HRV indices were insufficient. In addition, percentage bias was unacceptable during exercise test. However, the findings support the validity of the smart shirt for measuring HRV especially at rest and at warm-up. We suggest using the smart shirt for monitoring HRV indices on a daily basis but caution should be taken in the interpretation of HRV indices obtained during moderate to vigorous exercise intensities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schams
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences; German Sport University, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Boris Feodoroff
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences; German Sport University, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Jonas Zacher
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine; German Sport University, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Angelina Eibel
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine; German Sport University, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation Sciences; German Sport University, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Peçanha T, de Brito LC, Fecchio RY, de Sousa PN, Silva ND, Couto PG, de Abreu AP, da Silva GV, Mion D, Low DA, de Moraes Forjaz CL. Activation of Mechanoreflex, but not Central Command, Delays Heart Rate Recovery after Exercise in Healthy Men. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:602-609. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1297-4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study tested the hypotheses that activation of central command and muscle mechanoreflex during post-exercise recovery delays fast-phase heart rate recovery with little influence on the slow phase. Twenty-five healthy men underwent three submaximal cycling bouts, each followed by a different 5-min recovery protocol: active (cycling generated by the own subject), passive (cycling generated by external force) and inactive (no-cycling). Heart rate recovery was assessed by the heart rate decay from peak exercise to 30 s and 60 s of recovery (HRR30s, HRR60s fast phase) and from 60 s-to-300 s of recovery (HRR60−300s slow phase). The effect of central command was examined by comparing active and passive recoveries (with and without central command activation) and the effect of mechanoreflex was assessed by comparing passive and inactive recoveries (with and without mechanoreflex activation). Heart rate recovery was similar between active and passive recoveries, regardless of the phase. Heart rate recovery was slower in the passive than inactive recovery in the fast phase (HRR60s=20±8vs.27 ±10 bpm, p<0.01), but not in the slow phase (HRR60−300s=13±8vs.10±8 bpm, p=0.11). In conclusion, activation of mechanoreflex, but not central command, during recovery delays fast-phase heart rate recovery. These results elucidate important neural mechanisms behind heart rate recovery regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Peçanha
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Campos de Brito
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Yokoyama Fecchio
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Nascimento de Sousa
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natan Daniel Silva
- Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Pio de Abreu
- Hipertension Unit, General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanio Vieira da Silva
- Hipertension Unit, General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Decio Mion
- Hipertension Unit, General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David A. Low
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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