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Huang K, Cai S, Fu T, Zhu Q, Liu L, Yao Z, Rao P, Lan X, Li Q, Xiao J. Wnt10b regulates osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in osteoporosis. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13522. [PMID: 37340715 PMCID: PMC10771102 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous finding revealed that the Wnt10b RNA expression of osteoporotic adipose-derived stem cells (OP-ASCs) with impaired osteogenic capacity was significantly reduced than that of ASCs. There are no ideas that the relationship between the OP-ASCs' impaired osteogenic potential and Wnt10b expression. This study aimed to indicate the potential molecular mechanisms and functional role of Wnt10b in OP-ASCs, as well as to investigate a potential application to reverse the OP-ASCs' impaired osteogenic differentiation potential. The OP-ASCs and ASCs were harvested from the inguinal fat of osteoporosis (OP) mice with bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) and normal mice. qPCR and WB were used to detect the different levels of the expression of the Wnt10b RNA in both OP-ASCs and ASCs. Lentiviral-mediated regulation of Wnt10b expression was employed for OP-ASCs, and the detection of the expression levels of key molecules in the Wnt signalling pathway and key osteogenic factors was performed through qPCR and WB in vitro experiments. The capacity of OP-ASCs to osteogenesis was determined using alizarin red staining. Lastly, the repair effect of the BCP scaffolds incorporating modified OP-ASCs on the critical-sized calvarial defects (CSCDs) in OP mice was scanned and detected by micro-computed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry. First, we discovered that both the RNA and protein expression levels of Wnt10b were significantly lower in OP-ASCs than that in ASCs. In vitro experiments, upregulation of Wnt10b could activate the Wnt signalling pathway, and increase expression of β-catenin, Lef1, Runx2 and osteopontin (Opn), thereby enhancing the osteogenic ability of OP-ASCs. In addition, the OP-ASCs with Wnt10b-overexpressing could promote the repair of CSCD in osteoporotic mice with increasing new bone volume, bone mineral density, and increased expression of Opn in new bone in vivo. Taken together, overexpression of Wnt10b could partially facilitate the differentiation of OP-ASCs towards osteogenesis and accelerated the healing of bone defects by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in vitro and in vivo experiments. This study confirmed the important role of Wnt10b in regulating the osteogenic differentiation capability of OP-ASCs and indicated Wnt10b could be a potential therapeutic target for reversing the impaired osteogenic capabilities of OP-ASCs to therapy bone defects of OP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Ting Fu
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Zhihao Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Pengcheng Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Xiaorong Lan
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Qing Li
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral ImplantologyThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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Huang H, Tang X, Li S, Huang D, Lu D, Wu F, Liu D, Li H. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin promotes the paracrine function and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells and contributes to micro-autologous fat transplantation by modulating HIF-1α and VEGF. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:60. [PMID: 35282074 PMCID: PMC8848409 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The micro-autologous fat transplantation (MAFT) technique has demonstrated its feasibility in multiple medical fields, such as facial rejuvenation. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (APRF), an autologous platelet concentrated on a fibrin membrane without added external factors, has shown significant potential for tissue restoration. However, the role of APRF in the modulation of MAFT remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of APRF on MAFT. Methods Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were isolated from human gastric subcutaneous fat and treated with APRF. ELISA assays measured cytokines. The proliferation of ASCs was analyzed by CCK-8 assays. The levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by ELISA assays, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. The effect of APRF/HIF-1α/VEGF on MAFT in vivo was analyzed in Balb/c nude mice. The BALB/c mice were subcutaneously co-transplanted with fat, APRF, and control shRNA, HIF-1α shRNA, or VEGF shRNA into the dorsal area. The serum and protein levels of the above cytokines were analyzed by ELISA assays and Western blot analysis. Lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O staining. The expression of CD34 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results APRF continuously secreted multiple cytokines, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), FGF-2, insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide b (PDGF-AB), platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide b (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and VEGF. APRF was able to promote the proliferation of ASCs. APRF dose-dependently activated the expression of HIF-1α, HSP70, IGF-2, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF in ASCs. APRF regulated the paracrine function of ASCs by modulating HIF-1α and VEGF.APRF increased the survival of MAFT by modulating HIF-1α and VEGF in vivo. Conclusions APRF promotes the paracrine function and proliferation of ASCs and contributes to MAFT by modulating HIF-1α and VEGF. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which APRF regulates MAFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xike Tang
- Dermatology Department, The Affiliated Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Shounan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the People's Hospital of Binyang County, Nanning, China
| | - Donglin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | | | - Fuzhi Wu
- Nanning Wilking Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Dalie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmian Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
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Xie J, Zhang D, Ling Y, Yuan Q, Chenchen Z, Wei D, Zhou X. Substrate elasticity regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in adipose-derived stromal cells: Implications for potential angiogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 175:576-585. [PMID: 30580148 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have potential in bioengineering angiogenesis due to their paracrine role in supporting endothelial tubulogenesis and vascular network formation. However, the precise mechanism of the inner angiogenic capacity of ASCs determined by the biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix needs to be further elucidated. In the current study, we fabricated two silicon-based elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with different stiffnesses (stiff substrate, E = 195 kPa and soft substrate, E = 15 kPa) and found there were cytoskeletal changes in ASCs in response to different substrate stiffnesses. We then showed the expression of vinculin in focal adhesion plaques was enhanced and the nuclear translocation of β-catenin signaling was increased in ASCs on the stiff substrate relative to those on the soft substrate. We next used bioinformatics and found the downstream proteins of β-catenin signaling had binding sites in the promoter of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is responsible for angiogenesis; then, we further confirmed the enhanced endogenous VEGFA expression in ASCs on the stiff substrate relative to that on the soft substrate. Finally, by using ectogenic VEGFA, we showed the stiff substrate could promote angiogenesis of ASCs in the form of more ring-like formations in 2D and vessel-like structure formations in 3D under VEGFA induction compared to that of the soft substrate. This study not only indicates the inner angiogenic capacity of ASCs but also elucidates the influence of substrate elasticity on ASC differentiation in bioengineering angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Chenchen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Du Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Endodontic Department West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Angiogenesis in a 3D model containing adipose tissue stem cells and endothelial cells is mediated by canonical Wnt signaling. Bone Res 2017; 5:17048. [PMID: 29263938 PMCID: PMC5727463 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have gained great attention in regenerative medicine. Progress in our understanding of adult neovascularization further suggests the potential of ASCs in promoting vascular regeneration, although the specific cues that stimulate their angiogenic behavior remain controversial. In this study, we established a three-dimensional (3D) angiogenesis model by co-culturing ASCs and endothelial cells (ECs) in collagen gel and found that ASC-EC-instructed angiogenesis was regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway. Furthermore, the angiogenesis that occurred in implants collected after injections of our collagen gel-based 3D angiogenesis model into nude mice was confirmed to be functional and also regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway. Wnt regulation of angiogenesis involving changes in vessel length, vessel density, vessel sprout, and connection numbers occurred in our system. Wnt signaling was then shown to regulate ASC-mediated paracrine signaling during angiogenesis through the nuclear translocation of β-catenin after its cytoplasmic accumulation in both ASCs and ECs. This translocation enhanced the expression of nuclear co-factor Lef-1 and cyclin D1 and activated the angiogenic transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The angiogenesis process in the 3D collagen model appeared to follow canonical Wnt signaling, and this model can help us understand the importance of the canonical Wnt pathway in the use of ASCs in vascular regeneration.
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Wu S, Peng H, Li X, Streubel PN, Liu Y, Duan B. Effect of scaffold morphology and cell co-culture on tenogenic differentiation of HADMSC on centrifugal melt electrospun poly (L‑lactic acid) fibrous meshes. Biofabrication 2017; 9:044106. [PMID: 29134948 PMCID: PMC5849472 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa8fb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Engineered tendon grafts offer a promising alternative for grafting during the reconstruction of complex tendon tears. The tissue-engineered tendon substitutes have the advantage of increased biosafety and the option to customize their biochemical and biophysical properties to promote tendon regeneration. In this study, we developed a novel centrifugal melt electrospinning (CME) technique, with the goal of optimizing the fabrication parameters to generate fibrous scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering. The effects of CME processing parameters, including rotational speed, voltage, and temperature, on fiber properties (i.e. orientation, mean diameter, and productivity) were systematically investigated. By using this solvent-free and environmentally friendly method, we fabricated both random and aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibrous scaffolds with controllable mesh thickness. We also investigated and compared their morphology, surface hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties. We seeded human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSC) on various PLLA fibrous scaffolds and conditioned the constructs in tenogenic differentiation medium for up to 21 days, to investigate the effects of fiber alignment and scaffold thickness on cell behavior. Aligned fibrous scaffolds induced cell elongation and orientation through a contact guidance phenomenon and promoted HADMSC proliferation and differentiation towards tenocytes. At the early stage, thinner scaffolds were beneficial for HADMSC proliferation, but the scaffold thickness had no significant effects on cell proliferation for longer-term cell culture. We further co-seeded HADMSC and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on aligned PLLA fibrous mats and determined how the vascularization affected HADMSC tenogenesis. We found that co-cultured HADMSC-HUVEC expressed more tendon-related markers on the aligned fibrous scaffold. The co-culture systems promoted in vitro HADMSC differentiation towards tenocytes. These aligned fibrous scaffolds fabricated by CME technique could potentially be utilized to repair and regenerate tendon defects and injuries with cell co-culture and controlled vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hao Peng
- College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Philipp N. Streubel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Lin S, Zhang Q, Shao X, Zhang T, Xue C, Shi S, Zhao D, Lin Y. IGF-1 promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells/adipose-derived stem cells co-culture system with activation of PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28960620 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and crosstalk between endothelial cells (ECs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the process of angiogenesis. METHODS A three-dimensional collagen gel used to culture mouse ASCs and mouse ECs in vitro was established. The effects of angiogenesis after exposure to IGF-1 were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Western blotting and qPCR were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS IGF-1 treatment promoted the formation of vessel-like structures and the recruitment of ASCs in the three-dimensional collagen gel. The angiogenic genes and proteins in ECs were up-regulated by IGF-1 and in co-culture. Similar changes in the genes and in the proteins were detected in ASCs after exposure to IGF-1 and co-culture. p-Akt expression levels were high in ECs and ASCs after exposure to IGF-1 and co-culture. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 and co-culture between cells facilitate the process of angiogenesis via the PI3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway. In ECs, IGF-1 stimulates the expression of angiogenesis-related growth factors with the activation of the PI3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway. Co-cultured ECs exposed to excess VEGF-A and other angiogenesis-related growth factors para-secreted from ASCs exhibit high expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins. In ASCs, IGF-1 induces the recruitment and function of ASCs by up-regulating the expression of PDGFB, MMPs and α-SMA. Crosstalk with ECs further facilitates changes in ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang L, Huang C, Li Q, Xu X, Liu L, Huang K, Cai X, Xiao J. Osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells from ovariectomized mice. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28090705 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease caused by imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, commonly resulting from post-menopausal oestrogen deficiency. Although osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has been demonstrated, the effect of OP on osteogenic differentiation of ASCs remains unclear. Here, our work has been designed to compare proliferative capacity and osteogenic differentiation ability of ASCs obtained from osteoporotic mice and normal control mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 14-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: one, the ovariectomy (OVX) group (n=10), the other being the sham operated (Sham) group (n=10). ASCs and OP-ASCs were obtained from subcutaneous fat of female inguinal sites. Cells were passaged three times prior to subsequent experimentation. The xCELLigence system was used to monitor cell adhesion and proliferation. Mineralized nodules of differentiated ASCs and OP-ASCs were analysed using Alizarin red staining after osteogenic induction. Expressions of osteogenic-specific genes including osteopontin (Opn) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were assessed by real-time PCR and expression of bone-related proteins was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Numbers of cells in all groups increased steadily for 6 days; rate of cell proliferation in the Sham group was found to be higher than in the OVX group after 48 hours. Mineralized bone nodular structures were significantly more concentrated in the Sham group than in the OVX group by day 21, and mRNA levels of Runx2 in the OVX group were significantly lower than in the Sham group. Transcript levels of genes coding for Opn showed a similar pattern to those of Runx2. Western blot results indicated that protein expression levels of OPN and RUNX2 in the OVX group were lower than those in the Sham group, at each time point. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential of ASCs were significantly impaired in osteoporotic mice compared to normal controls. However, use of autologous transplantation of modified OP-ASCs for treatment of OP, or combination of composite scaffolds and modified OP-ASCs for repair of osteoporotic bone defects, can overcome shortcomings of other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kui Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Zhao D, Xue C, Lin S, Shi S, Li Q, Liu M, Cai X, Lin Y. Notch Signaling Pathway Regulates Angiogenesis via Endothelial Cell in 3D Co-Culture Model. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1548-1558. [PMID: 27861873 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of Notch signaling pathway for angiogenesis in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel model with co-culture of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). A 3D collagen gel model was established in vitro by implanting both ASCs from green fluorescent protein-labeled mouse and ECs from red fluorescent protein-labeled mouse, and the phenomena of angiogenesis with Notch signaling inducer Jagged1, inhibitor DAPT and PBS, respectively were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Semi-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescent staining were conducted to detect expressions of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins. Angiogenesis in the co-culture gels was promoted by Jagged1 treatment while attenuated by DAPT treatment, compared to control group. In co-culture system of ASCs and ECs, the gene expressions of VEGFA, VEGFB, Notch1, Notch2, Hes1, Hey1, VEGFR1,and the protein expression of VEGFA, VEGFB, Notch1, Hes1, Hey1 were increased by Jagged1 treatment and decreased by DAPT treatment in ECs. And the result of VEGFR3 was the opposite. However, the same results did not appear completely in ASCs. These results revealed the VEGFA/B-Notch1/2-Hes1/Hey1- VEGFR1/3 signal axis played an important role in angiogenesis when ASCs and ECs were co-cultured in a 3D collagen gel model. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1548-1558, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Changyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qianshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Xue C, Xie J, Zhao D, Lin S, Zhou T, Shi S, Shao X, Lin Y, Zhu B, Cai X. The JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway regulated angiogenesis in an endothelial cell/adipose-derived stromal cell co-culture, 3D gel model. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27667148 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway in angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model established in vitro, involved a 3D collagen gel being implanted with endothelial cells (ECs) from red fluorescent protein-labelled mice, and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from green fluorescent protein-labelled mice. Phenomena of angiogenesis, after treatment by the inhibitor and the activator of JAK/STAT3 pathway respectively, were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Transwell co-culture of ECs and ASCs was used to elucidate mechanisms. RESULTS Stattic, inhibitor of JAK/STAT3 pathway, attenuated angiogenesis in the model. In contrast, angiogenesis was promoted after treatment of Olanzapine, an activator. We found that protein levels of VEGFA and cyclin D1 were regulated by the JAK/STAT3 pathway, and flow cytometry further confirmed variations in cell cycle parameters of ECs and ASCs. Genes VEGFA/B, VEGFR2, MMP-2, MMP-9, IGF-1 and b-FGF were down-regulated by Stattic in ECs, while Olanzapine significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of these genes. As for ASCs, genes VEGFA, MMP-2, MMP-9, IGF-1 and b-FGF were modulated by the JAK/STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis in the 3D collagen gel was regulated by the JAK/STAT3 pathway which involved changes in vessel length, vessel diameter and sprout number. The underlying mechanism was that the JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway regulated angiogenesis by modulation of numbers of angiogenesis-related growth factors and by direct regulation of cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shi S, Peng Q, Shao X, Xie J, Lin S, Zhang T, Li Q, Li X, Lin Y. Self-Assembled Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures Promote Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Migration via lncRNA XLOC 010623 and RHOA/ROCK2 Signal Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19353-63. [PMID: 27403707 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qianshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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11
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Xie Q, Xie J, Zhong J, Cun X, Lin S, Lin Y, Cai X. Hypoxia enhances angiogenesis in an adipose-derived stromal cell/endothelial cell co-culture 3D gel model. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:236-45. [PMID: 26997164 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of hypoxia on angiogenesis in a 3D gel, with co-culturing adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS ASCs from green fluorescent protein-labeled mice and ECs from red fluorescent protein-labeled mice were co-cultured in 3D collagen gels at 1:1 ratio, in normal and hypoxic oxygen conditions, and morphology of angiogenesis was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To discover changes in growth factors between monoculture ASCs and ECs, transwell co-cultures of ASCs and ECs were applied. Semi-quantitative PCR was performed to explore mRNA expression of growth factors. RESULTS Enhanced angiogenesis was observed in 3D gels implanted with 1:1 mixture of ASCs and ECs after 7 days hypoxia. Genes including VEGFA/B, EGF-1, HIF-1a, IGF-1, PDGF, TGF-β1 and BMP-2/4 in ECs, both monoculture and co-culture, were significantly enhanced after being cultured under hypoxia. In comparison, genes VEGFA/B, EGF-1, HIF-1a, TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in ASCs increased. In all, factors VEGFA/B, EGF-1, HIF-1a, TGF-β1 and BMP-2 increased in both ASCs and ECs after being cultured in hypoxia no matter whether as monoculture or co-culture. CONCLUSIONS Co-culture of ASCs and ECs at 1:1 ratio in a 3D gel under hypoxia promoted angiogenesis. Those growth factors which were increased in both ASCs and ECs, indicate that VEGFA/B, EGF-1, HIF-1a, TGF-β1 and BMP-2 might be responsible for enhancement in angiogenesis triggered by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Xiangzhu Cun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
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12
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Gholipourmalekabadi M, Sameni M, Radenkovic D, Mozafari M, Mossahebi‐Mohammadi M, Seifalian A. Decellularized human amniotic membrane: how viable is it as a delivery system for human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells? Cell Prolif 2016; 49:115-21. [PMID: 26840647 PMCID: PMC6496672 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human amniotic membrane (HAM) has been widely used in soft tissue engineering both in its fresh form and decellularized; its efficiency to aid treatment of burn injuries is well known. On the other hand, it has been reported clinically by several studies that human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) are a promising cell source for cell therapy for burns. Recently, we have reported a new technique for decellularization of HAM. In this study, potential of prepared decellularized HAM (dHAM) as a viable support for proliferation and delivery of hADSC was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Amniotic membranes were collected, decellularized and preserved according to the protocol described in our previously published study. hADSC were obtained from the patients undergoing elective liposuction surgery and cells were then seeded on the decellularized membrane for various times. Efficiency of the decellularized membrane as a delivery system for hADSC was investigated by MTT, LDH specific activity, DAPI staining and SEM. RESULTS The results showed that dHAM provided a supporting microenvironment for cell growth without producing any cytotoxic effects. In addition, the cells were spread out and actively attached to the dHAM scaffold. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that dHAMs have considerable potential as 3D cell-carrier scaffolds for delivery of hADSC, in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gholipourmalekabadi
- Biotechnology DepartmentSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran198396‐3113Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research CentreShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran198396‐3113Iran
| | - M. Sameni
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research CentreShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran198396‐3113Iran
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- University College London (UCL) Medical SchoolLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - M. Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research GroupNanotechnology and Advanced Materials DepartmentMERCTehran14155‐4777Iran
| | - M. Mossahebi‐Mohammadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingFaculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran14115‐111Iran
| | - A. Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative MedicineUCL and Royal Free HospitalLondonNW3 2QGUK
- NanoRegMed LtdLondonEC1V 4PWUK
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Harmatina OY. [INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE BRAIN VASCULAR DISEASES.]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:95-102. [PMID: 29975480 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The system insulin-like growth factors (IGF) occupies an important place in the development and growth of the central nervous system (CNS). Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor are represented in all parts of the brain and are heavily concentrated in the cerebral vessels. IGF-1 is involved in neuro-, angiogenesis, in the stimulation of cell proliferation, and repair responses to damage for both the central and peripheral nervous system. IGF- 1 exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and protective effects on the CNS. The review discusses the importance and the role of IGF-I in vascular diseases of the brain, in particular, aneurysms, the ischemic stroke, the aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as neuroprotection.
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Lin S, Xie J, Gong T, Shi S, Zhang T, Fu N, Lin Y. Smad signal pathway regulates angiogenesis via endothelial cell in an adipose-derived stromal cell/endothelial cell co-culture, 3D gel model. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 412:281-8. [PMID: 26694166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-implantation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) can markedly expedite the formation of functional microvascular beds and provides possible methods for cell-based revascularization therapies to treat various diseases. Furthermore, we investigated the role of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway for angiogenesis in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel model established in vitro with co-culture between ASCs and ECs. We found that angiogenesis was attenuated in the co-culture gels after inhibition of ALK5/Smad2/3 with SB431542. Genes coding for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VE-ca, FGF-1, PDGF, BMP-4, and BMP-7 were significantly reduced in both mono-cultured and co-cultured ECs. Furthermore, the decrease in co-cultured ECs was prominent relative to mono-cultured ECs. Taken together, these findings suggest that in the co-culture between ASCs and ECs, TGFβ/Smad signal pathway regulates angiogenesis via ECs; moreover, the findings that the co-cultured ECs were regulated more significantly than mono-cultured ECs suggest that suppression of Smad signal pathway may regulate the paracrine secretion of ASCs to further modulate angiogenesis of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Ye L, Jiang WG. Bone morphogenetic proteins in tumour associated angiogenesis and implication in cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:586-597. [PMID: 26639195 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily. To date, more than 20 BMPs have been identified in humans. BMPs play a critical role in embryonic and postnatal development, and also in maintaining homeostasis in different organs and tissues by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and motility. They play important roles in the development and progression of certain malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. Recently, more evidence shows that BMPs are also involved in tumour associated angiogenesis. For example BMP can either directly regulate the functions of vascular endothelial cells or indirectly influence the angiogenesis via regulation of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Such crosstalk can also be reflected in the interaction with other angiogenic factors, like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). All these factors are involved in the orchestration of the angiogenic process during tumour development and progression. Review of the relevant studies will provide a comprehensive prospective on current understanding and shed light on the corresponding therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Kiran D, Podell BK, Chambers M, Basaraba RJ. Host-directed therapy targeting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis granuloma: a review. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:167-83. [PMID: 26510950 PMCID: PMC4779125 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Slow progress has been made in lessening the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on human health, especially in parts of the world where Mtb is endemic. Due to the complexity of TB disease, there is still an urgent need to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies to control global spread of disease. Active research targeting avenues to prevent infection or transmission through vaccination, to diagnose asymptomatic carriers of Mtb, and to improve antimicrobial drug treatment responses is ongoing. However, this research is hampered by a relatively poor understanding of the pathogenesis of early infection and the factors that contribute to host susceptibility, protection, and the development of active disease. There is increasing interest in the development of adjunctive therapy that will aid the host in responding to Mtb infection appropriately thereby improving the effectiveness of current and future drug treatments. In this review, we summarize what is known about the host response to Mtb infection in humans and animal models and highlight potential therapeutic targets involved in TB granuloma formation and resolution. Strategies designed to shift the balance of TB granuloma formation toward protective rather than destructive processes are discussed based on our current knowledge. These therapeutic strategies are based on the assumption that granuloma formation, although thought to prevent the spread of the tubercle bacillus within and between individuals contributes to manifestations of active TB disease in human patients when left unchecked. This effect of granuloma formation favors the spread of infection and impairs antimicrobial drug treatment. By gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms by which Mtb infection contributes to irreversible tissue damage, down regulates protective immune responses, and delays tissue healing, new treatment strategies can be rationally designed. Granuloma-targeted therapy is advantageous because it allows for the repurpose of existing drugs used to treat other communicable and non-communicable diseases as adjunctive therapies combined with existing and future anti-TB drugs. Thus, the development of adjunctive, granuloma-targeted therapy, like other host-directed therapies, may benefit from the availability of approved drugs to aid in treatment and prevention of TB. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the results of published studies in the context of new innovative approaches to host-directed therapy that need to be more thoroughly explored in pre-clinical animal studies and in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Kiran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA
| | - Brendan K Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA
| | - Mark Chambers
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - Randall J Basaraba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1619, USA.
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