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Rekad Z, Ruff M, Radwanska A, Grall D, Ciais D, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. Coalescent RNA-localizing and transcriptional activities of SAM68 modulate adhesion and subendothelial basement membrane assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e85165. [PMID: 37585334 PMCID: PMC10431919 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell interactions with their extracellular matrix are essential for vascular homeostasis and expansion. Large-scale proteomic analyses aimed at identifying components of integrin adhesion complexes have revealed the presence of several RNA binding proteins (RBPs) of which the functions at these sites remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the role of the RBP SAM68 (Src associated in mitosis, of 68 kDa) in endothelial cells. We found that SAM68 is transiently localized at the edge of spreading cells where it participates in membrane protrusive activity and the conversion of nascent adhesions to mechanically loaded focal adhesions by modulation of integrin signaling and local delivery of β-actin mRNA. Furthermore, SAM68 depletion impacts cell-matrix interactions and motility through induction of key matrix genes involved in vascular matrix assembly. In a 3D environment SAM68-dependent functions in both tip and stalk cells contribute to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. Altogether, our results identify the RBP SAM68 as a novel actor in the dynamic regulation of blood vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rekad
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBVNiceFrance
| | - Michaël Ruff
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBVNiceFrance
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2
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Wu Z, Peng Y, Xiong L, Wang J, Li Z, Ning K, Deng M, Wang N, Wei W, Li Z, Dong P, Yu C, Zhou F, Zhang Z. Role of Sam68 in Sunitinib induced renal cell carcinoma apoptosis. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3674-3686. [PMID: 35476809 PMCID: PMC9554455 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is one of the first‐line targeted drugs for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with dual effects of antiangiogensis and proapoptosis. Sam68 (Src‐associated in mitosis, 68 KDa), is found being involved in cell apoptosis. This article reveals that Sam68 impacts the sensitivity to sunitinib by mediating the apoptosis of RCC cells. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the Sam68 expression levels in sunitinib sensitive tumor tissues were markedly higher than those in sunitinib resistant tumor tissues. Sunitinib induced RCC cell apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner and inhibited the expression of total and phosphorylated Sam68 (p‐Sam68). Downregulation of Sam68 expression inhibited RCC cell apoptosis induced by sunitinib. While upregulation of Sam68 expression could enhance apoptosis induced by sunitinib. Xenograft models showed that tumors in the Sam68‐knockdown group did not shrink as much as those in the control group after treatment with sunitinib for 4 weeks. Together, our results suggest that Sam68 expression is associated with the sensitivity of ccRCC patients to sunitinib. Sam68 may promote cell apoptosis induced by sunitinib, and the Sam68 expression level may be a biomarker for predicting sunitinib sensitivity in ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshen Wu
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yulu Peng
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Longbin Xiong
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Minhua Deng
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Wensu Wei
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China Guangzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou China
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3
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Ruan H, Wang Z, Zhai Y, Xu Y, Pi L, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Huang R, Chen K, Li X, Ma W, Wu Z, Shen J, Deng X, Zhang C, Guan M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of diffuse large B cells in cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system lymphoma. iScience 2021; 24:102972. [PMID: 34471864 PMCID: PMC8387906 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-DLBCs) have offered great promise for the diagnostics and therapeutics of central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) leptomeningeal involvement. To explore the phenotypic states of CSF-DLBCs, we analyzed the transcriptomes of more than one thousand CSF-DLBCs from six patients with CNSL diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) using Smart-seq2 single-cell RNA sequencing. CSF-DLBCs were defined based on abundant expression of B-cell markers, the active cell proliferation and energy metabolism properties, and immunoglobulin light chain restriction. We identified inherent heterogeneity of CSF-DLBCs, which were mainly manifested in cell cycle state, cancer-testis antigen expression, and classification based on single-cell germinal center B-cell signature. In addition, the 16 upregulated genes in CSF-DLBCs compared to various normal B cells showed great possibility in the homing effect of the CNS-DLBCL for the leptomeninges. Our results will provide insight into the mechanism research and diagnostic direction of CNSL-DLBCL leptomeningeal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyu Pi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Zheng
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhe Ma
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- 10K Genomics Technology Co.,Ltd., 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
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4
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Tang J, Qin S, Shen X, He S, Ju S. CAM-DR: Mechanisms, Roles and Clinical Application in Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698047. [PMID: 34295898 PMCID: PMC8290360 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous improvement of various therapeutic techniques, the overall prognosis of tumors has been significantly improved, but malignant tumors in the middle and advanced stages still cannot be completely cured. It is now evident that cell adhesion-mediated resistance (CAM-DR) limits the success of cancer therapies and is a great obstacle to overcome in the clinic. The interactions between tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules or adjacent cells may play a significant role in initiating the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival upon binding to their ligands. Recent studies illustrate that these adhesion-related factors may contribute to the survival of cancer cells after chemotherapeutic therapy, advantageous to resistant cells to proliferate and develop multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular basis of these interactions and the main signal transduction pathways that are involved in the enhancement of the cancer cells’ survival. Furthermore, therapies targeting interactions between cancer cells and their environment to enhance drug response or prevent the emergence of drug resistance will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Huang
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shiyi Qin
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome-wide identification and competitive disruption of sacum-binding partners in human colorectal cancer. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:48-51. [PMID: 29328992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human sacum is regulatory adaptor protein involved in cellular signaling network of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidences suggest that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich motifs. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome-wide analysis and identification of sacum-binding partners in the genome profile of human colorectal cancer. The sacum-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular binding analysis. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human sacum in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the sacum peptides. We also designed two peptide variants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt sacum interaction with its partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- Beijing Union Second Pharmaceutical Factory, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome-wide identification and competitive disruption of sacum-binding partners in human colorectal cancer. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:259-262. [PMID: 28898789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human sacum is regulatory adaptor protein involved in cellular signaling network of colorectal cancer. Molecular evidence suggests that the protein is integrated into oncogenic signaling network by binding to SH3-containing proteins through its proline-rich motifs. In this study, we have performed a transcriptome-wide analysis and identification of sacum-binding partners in the genome profile of human colorectal cancer. The sacum-binding potency of SH3-containing proteins found in colorectal cancer was investigated by using bioinformatics modeling and intermolecular binding analysis. With the protocol we were able to predict those high-affinity domain binders of the proline-rich peptides of human sacum in a high-throughput manner, and to analyze sequence-specific interaction in the domain-peptide recognition at molecular level. Consequently, a number of putative domain binders with both high affinity and specificity were identified, from which the Src SH3 domain was selected as a case study and tested for its binding activity towards the sacum peptides. We also designed two peptide variants that may have potent capability to competitively disrupt sacum interaction with its partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yongwang Zhang
- Beijing Union Second Pharmaceutical Factory, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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7
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Ouyang Y, Zhong F, Wang Q, Ding L, Zhang P, Chen L, Wang Y, Cheng C. DIXDC1 promotes tumor proliferation and cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) via enhancing p-Akt in Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leuk Res 2016; 50:104-111. [PMID: 27701018 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1), is a human homolog of Ccd1, a DIX domain containing protein in zebrafish. The present study was undertaken to determine the expression and biologic function of DIXDC1 in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Clinically, we detected that the expression of DIXDC1 was significantly lower in the indolent lymphomas compared with the progressive lymphomas by immunohistochemistry analysis. Functionally, we found that DIXDC1 could promote cell proliferation via modulating cell cycle progression and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in NHLs. Moreover, we confirmed that DIXDC1 was involved in the process of lymphoma cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Adhesion to fibronectin (FN) or HS-5 up-regulated DIXDC1 expression, and up-regulation of DIXDC1 resulted in an increased expression of p-AKT, which promoted CAM-DR. Our finding supports the role of DIXDC1 in cell proliferation, cell cycle and CAM-DR in NHLs. We propose that inhibition of DIXDC1 expression may be a novel therapeutic approach for NHLs patients, and it may be a target for drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ouyang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiru Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Li Y, Xu Y, Ye K, Wu N, Li J, Liu N, He M, Lu B, Zhou W, Hu R. Knockdown of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein Family Member 3 Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1189-96. [PMID: 27390593 PMCID: PMC4934026 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that depletion of tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3 (TPPP3) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HeLa cells. However, the expression and roles of TPPP3 in cancers remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of TPPP3 in clinicopathological correlations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples by immunohistochemistry. TPPP3 expression was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and high TPPP3 expression was positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and poor survival. Furthermore, knockdown of TPPP3 by shRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. In addition, depletion of TPPP3 inhibited lung cancer growth in vivo in the xenografts of H1299 cells; this effect was accompanied by the suppression of Ki67 expression. Our data suggested that TPPP3 might act as an oncogene in NSCLC. TPPP3 warrants consideration as a therapeutic candidate with anti-tumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintao Li
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; 2. Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yali Xu
- 3. Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Kuanping Ye
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- 4. Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- 5. Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Naijia Liu
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenbai Zhou
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Renming Hu
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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