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Fu X, Ren C, Dai K, Ren M, Yan C. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Related Score Functions as a Predictive Tool for Immunotherapy and Candidate Drugs in Glioma. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:6648-6661. [PMID: 39116318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are aggressive CNS tumors where the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for prognosis. We developed an EMT-based score predicting overall survival (OS) and conducted pathway analyses, revealing functions such as cell proliferation and immune response in glioma progression. The EMT score, correlated with immune functions and cell infiltration, shows potential as an immune response indicator. We identified two promising compounds, BIX02189 and QL-XI-92, as potential glioma treatments based on candidate gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Fu
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 50, Yikesong Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100070, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Changyuan Ren
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 50, Yikesong Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring Road West, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Kaining Dai
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 50, Yikesong Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100070, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 50, Yikesong Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Changxiang Yan
- Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 50, Yikesong Road, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing 100070, China
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Patel R, Kumar S, Varghese JF, Singh N, Singh RP, Yadav UCS. Silymarin prevents endothelial dysfunction by upregulating Erk-5 in oxidized LDL exposed endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2024; 153:104667. [PMID: 38307406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-5 is a key mediator of endothelial cell homeostasis, and its inhibition causes loss of critical endothelial markers leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED). Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been identified as an underlying cause of ED and atherosclerosis in metabolic disorders. Silymarin (Sym), a flavonolignan, possesses various pharmacological activities however its preventive mechanism in ED warrants further investigation. Here, we have examined the effects of Sym in regulating the expression of Erk-5 and ameliorating ED using in vitro and in vivo models. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (pHUVECs) viability was measured by MTT assay; mRNA and protein expression by RT-qPCR and Western blotting; tube-formation assay was performed to examine endothelialness. In in-vivo experiments, normal chow-fed mice (control) or high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administered Sym or Erk-5 inhibitor (BIX02189) and body weight, blood glucose, plasma-LDL, oxLDL levels, and expression of EC markers in the aorta were examined. Sym (5 μg/ml) maintained the viability and tube-formation ability of oxLDL exposed pHUVECs. Sym increased the expression of Erk-5, vWF, and eNOS and decreased ICAM-1 at transcription and translation levels in oxLDL-exposed pHUVECs. In HFD-fed mice, Sym reduced the body weight, blood glucose, LDL-cholesterol, and oxLDL levels, and increased the levels of vWF and eNOS along with Erk-5 and decreased the level of ICAM-1 in the aorta. These data suggest that Sym could be a potent anti-atherosclerotic agent that could elevate Erk-5 level in the ECs and prevent ED caused by oxidized LDL during HFD-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Patel
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Johnna F Varghese
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Navneendra Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Shu C, Hou L, Chen Q, Zhu T, Yang J, Luo X, Su Y, Wang Y. Irradiation with a red light-emitting diode enhances the proliferation of stem cells of apical papilla via the ERK5 signalling pathway. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2259-2268. [PMID: 35022873 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This Querystudy aimed to investigate the effects of low-energy red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the proliferation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) and preliminarily elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. SCAPs were isolated and identified in vitro. The light source was a 10 W red LED with continuous output and a wavelength of 600-700 nm. SCAPs were irradiated with 0 (control group), 0.5 J/cm2, 1 J/cm2, 3 J/cm2, or 5 J/cm2. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to analyze cell proliferation rates and determine the most effective concentration of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) blocker, BIX02189. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out to determine the involvement of the ERK5 signalling pathway and proliferation-associated genes (C-Jun, Jun B, and Cyclin D1). 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) was used to analyze cell cycle kinetic parameters. CCK-8 assay results suggested that SCAPs in red LED groups exhibited a higher proliferation rate than those in the control group, and 10 μmol/L BIX02189 was the most effective blocker. The RT-PCR results demonstrate that red LEDs upregulated the expression of the ERK5, C-Jun, Jun B, and Cyclin D1 genes, and BIX02189 successfully blocked the ERK5 signalling pathway. The results of EdU staining indicated that red LED promoted DNA synthesis activity and that BIX02189 suppressed cells into S phase. Red LEDs irradiation enhances the proliferation of SCAPs via the ERK5 signalling pathway by upregulating the expression of C-Jun, Jun B, and Cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Shu
- School of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
- Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, 629000, China
| | - Lan Hou
- School of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- The TCM Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Yutong Su
- School of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, China.
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Zhang W, Hong J, Zheng W, Liu A, Yang Y. High glucose exacerbates neuroinflammation and apoptosis at the intermediate stage after post-traumatic brain injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16088-16104. [PMID: 34176788 PMCID: PMC8266309 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly lethal event with a poor prognosis. Recovering residual neuronal function in the intermediate stage of TBI is important for treatment; however, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis impede residual neuronal repair processes. Considering that hyperglycemia influences inflammatory processes and neuronal survival, we examined the effects of high glucose on neuroinflammation and neuronal death during the intermediate phase of TBI. Rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or TBI were developed and behaviorally assessed. Neurological function and cognitive abilities were impaired in TBI rats and worsened by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Histopathological staining and analyses of serum and hippocampal mRNA and protein levels indicated that neuroinflammation and apoptosis were induced in TBI rats and exacerbated by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia inhibited hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MEK5) phosphorylation in TBI rats. In vitro assays were used to assess inflammatory factor expression, apoptotic protein levels and neuronal survival after MEK5 activation in TBI- and/or high-glucose-treated neurons. MEK5/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) pathway activation reduced the inflammation, cleaved caspase-3 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and apoptosis of TBI neurons, even under high-glucose conditions. Thus, high glucose exacerbated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the intermediate stage post-TBI by inhibiting the MEK5/ERK5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
- Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
- Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Wencheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
- Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
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Salazar-Petres ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Pregnancy-induced changes in β-cell function: what are the key players? J Physiol 2021; 600:1089-1117. [PMID: 33704799 DOI: 10.1113/jp281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β-cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β-cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β-cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β-cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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Kassouf T, Sumara G. Impact of Conventional and Atypical MAPKs on the Development of Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091256. [PMID: 32872540 PMCID: PMC7563211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consists of fourteen members and has been implicated in regulation of virtually all cellular processes. MAPKs are divided into two groups, conventional and atypical MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are further classified into four sub-families: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1, 2 and 3), p38 (α, β, γ, δ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Four kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3, 4, and 7 (ERK3, 4 and 7) as well as Nemo-like kinase (NLK) build a group of atypical MAPKs, which are activated by different upstream mechanisms than conventional MAPKs. Early studies identified JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 as well as p38α as a central mediators of inflammation-evoked insulin resistance. These kinases have been also implicated in the development of obesity and diabetes. Recently, other members of conventional MAPKs emerged as important mediators of liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic β-cell metabolism. Moreover, latest studies indicate that atypical members of MAPK family play a central role in the regulation of adipose tissue function. In this review, we summarize early studies on conventional MAPKs as well as recent findings implicating previously ignored members of the MAPK family. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting specific members of the MAPK family.
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Chen C, Wu S, Hong Z, Chen X, Shan X, Fischbach S, Xiao X. Chronic hyperglycemia regulates microglia polarization through ERK5. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:697-706. [PMID: 30684443 PMCID: PMC6366978 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are prone to developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which microglia play a critical role. However, the direct effect of high glucose (HG) on microglia and the role of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) signaling in this interaction have not been examined before. Here, these questions were addressed in microglia cultured in HG versus normal glucose (NG) conditions. Initially, HG induced microglial differentiation into the M2a phenotype with concomitant ERK5 activation. However, longer exposure to HG further induced differentiation of microglia into the M2b-like phenotype, followed by the M1-like subtype, concomitant with a gradual loss of ERK5 activation. BIX021895, a specific inhibitor of ERK5 activation, prevented M2a- differentiation of microglia, but induced earlier M2b-like polarization followed by M1-like polarization. Transfection of microglia with a sustained activated form of MEK5 (MEK5DD) prolonged the duration of the M2a phenotype, and prevented later differentiation into the M2b/M1 subtype. Conditioned media from the M2a-polarized microglia reduced neuronal cell apoptosis in hypoxic condition, while media from M2b-like or M1-like microglia enhanced apoptosis. Together, our data suggest that chronic hyperglycemia may induce a gradual alteration of microglia polarization into an increasingly proinflammatory subtype, which could be suppressed by sustained activation of ERK5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congde Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou
Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Suichun Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zipu Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou
Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou
Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou
Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Chen C, Wu S, Lin X, Wu D, Fischbach S, Xiao X. ERK5 plays an essential role in gestational beta-cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2017; 51:e12410. [PMID: 29159830 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Restoring a functional beta-cell mass is a fundamental goal in treating diabetes. A complex signalling pathway network coordinates the regulation of beta-cell proliferation, although a role for ERK5 in this network has not been reported. This question was addressed in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in pregnant mice, a well-known mouse model of increased beta-cell proliferation. A specific inhibitor of ERK5 activation, BIX02189, was intraperitoneally injected into the pregnant mice to suppress ERK5 signalling. Beta-cell proliferation was determined by quantification of Ki-67+ beta cells. Beta-cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL assay. The extent of beta-cell proliferation was determined by beta-cell mass. The alteration of ERK5 activation and CyclinD1 levels in purified mouse islets was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 phosphorylation, which represents ERK5 activation, was significantly upregulated in islets from pregnant mice. Suppression of ERK5 activation by BIX02189 in pregnant mice significantly reduced beta-cell proliferation, without affecting beta-cell apoptosis, resulting in increases in random blood glucose levels and impairment of glucose response of the mice. ERK5 seemed to activate CyclinD1 to promote gestational beta-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 plays an essential role in the gestational augmentation of beta-cell proliferation. ERK5 may be a promising target for increasing beta-cell mass in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congde Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suichun Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dazhou Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
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