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Condi FLDF, Fuchs LFP, Carvalho KC, Baracat EC. Treatment with Raloxifene Induces the Expression of Kisspeptin, Insulin, and Androgen Receptors in Bones of Castrated Adult Female Rats. Rev Bras Ortop 2024; 59:e228-e234. [PMID: 38606141 PMCID: PMC11006519 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of estrogen, raloxifene and genistein on the expression of KISS1 (kisspeptin), KISS1R (kisspeptin receptor), AR (androgen receptor) and INSR (insulin receptor) in the bones of ovariectomized rats. Methods Forty-eight adult rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, containing 8 animals each: G1-nonovariectomized control; G2-ovariectomized and treated with conjugated equine estrogens (50 µg/Kg/day); G3-ovariectomized and treated with raloxifene (0.75 mg/kg/day); G4-ovariectomized animal that received soy extract with genistein (300 mg/kg/day); G5-ovariectomized animal that received estrogen and genistein; and G6-ovariectomized animal that received estrogen and raloxifene. Three months after surgery, the castrated animals received the drugs orally daily for 120 days. All animals were sacrificed after this period, by deepening the anesthesia. The left tibia was removed for total RNA extraction and analysis of gene expression of KISS1 , KISS1R , AR and INSR , by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results KISS1 was not detected in any of the treated groups. KISS1R , INSR and AR showed higher expression in the G3 group ( p < 0.001), while lower levels of transcripts for these genes were observed in G4 and G5. G2 animals showed hypoexpression of the evaluated genes. Conclusion The results indicate that raloxifene, alone or combined with estrogen, was able to induce the expression of genes associated with the recovery of bone tissue homeostasis in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Portugal Fuchs
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Katia Candido Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Ke D, Xu H, Han J, Dai H, Wang X, Luo J, Yu Y, Xu J. Curcumin suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor autophagy in osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK signaling and downstream JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 pathway. Biomed J 2024; 47:100605. [PMID: 37179010 PMCID: PMC10839592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin ameliorates bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Curcumin inhibits RANKL-promoted autophagy in osteoclast precursors (OCPs), which mediates its anti-osteoclastogenic effect. But the role of RANKL signaling in curcumin-regulated OCP autophagy is unknown. This study aimed to explore the relationship between curcumin, RANKL signaling, and OCP autophagy during osteoclastogenesis. METHODS We investigated the role of curcumin in RANKL-related molecular signaling in OCPs, and identified the significance of RANK-TRAF6 signaling in curcumin-treated osteoclastogenesis and OCP autophagy using flow sorting and lentiviral transduction. Tg-hRANKL mice were used to observe the in vivo effects of curcumin on RANKL-regulated bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and OCP autophagy. The significance of JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 pathway in curcumin-regulated OCP autophagy with RANKL was explored via rescue assays and BCL2 phosphorylation detection. RESULTS Curcumin inhibited RANKL-related molecular signaling in OCPs, and repressed osteoclast differentiation and autophagy in sorted RANK+ OCPs but did not affect those of RANK- OCPs. Curcumin-inhibited osteoclast differentiation and OCP autophagy were recovered by TRAF6 overexpression. But curcumin lost these effects under TRAF6 knockdown. Furthermore, curcumin prevented the decrease in bone mass and the increase in trabecular osteoclast formation and autophagy in RANK+ OCPs in Tg-hRANKL mice. Additionally, curcumin-inhibited OCP autophagy with RANKL was reversed by JNK activator anisomycin and TAT-Beclin1 overexpressing Beclin1. Curcumin inhibited BCL2 phosphorylation at Ser70 and enhanced protein interaction between BCL2 and Beclin1 in OCPs. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin suppresses RANKL-promoted OCP autophagy by inhibiting signaling pathway downstream of RANKL, contributing to its anti-osteoclastogenic effect. Moreover, JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 pathway plays an important role in curcumin-regulated OCP autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianshan Ke
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junyong Han
- Institute for Immunology, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanhao Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Cai S, Chen Y, Chen J, Wei W, Pan J, Wu H. Rubiadin-1-methyl ether inhibits BECN1 transcription and Beclin1-dependent autophagy during osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NF-κB p65 activation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1518-1526. [PMID: 37750211 PMCID: PMC10666728 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231198071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As an active substance isolated from the root of Morinda officinalis How., rubiadin-1-methyl ether (RBM), can improve osteoporosis due to its inhibition on osteoclastogenesis. Autophagy plays a key role in osteoclastogenesis. Our research aims to explore the relationship between RBM, autophagy, and osteoclastogenesis. Our results showed that RBM not only inhibited the differentiation level of osteoclasts and the proliferation ability of osteoclast precursors (OCPs), but also repressed the autophagic activity in OCPs (LC3 transformation and the number of autophagosomes observed by transmission electron microscopy). However, RBM-inhibited osteoclast differentiation and OCP autophagy (LC3 transformation and LC3-puncta formation) could be reversed by the application of TAT-Beclin1. Moreover, RBM administration reduced RANKL-induced p65 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation in OCPs. In addition, the addition of RBM inhibited Beclin1 protein level and BECN1 (the gene form of Beclin1) mRNA level in OCPs increased by RANKL. Importantly, the reduction in the expression of BECN1 and Beclin1, LC3 transformation, and osteoclastic differentiation in OCPs caused by RBM were reversed by p65 overexpression. In conclusion, RBM may reduce the transcription of BECN1 by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, thereby inhibiting Beclin1-dependent autophagy and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suizhen Cai
- Health Examination Center, The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Health Examination Center, The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Wen Wei
- Health Examination Center, The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jinquan Pan
- Health Examination Center, The Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Haojie Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
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Ma C, Yu R, Li J, Chao J, Liu P. Targeting proteostasis network in osteoporosis: Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102024. [PMID: 37532006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
As the most common bone disease, osteoporosis (OP) increases bone fragility and makes patients more vulnerable to the threat of osteoporotic fractures. With the ageing population in today's society, OP has become a huge and growing public health problem. Unfortunately, the clear pathogenesis of OP is still under exploration, and effective interventions are still scarce. Therefore, exploring new targets for pharmacological interventions to develop promising therapeutic drugs for OP is of great clinical value. Previous studies have shown that normal bone remodeling depends on proteostasis, whereas loss of proteostasis during ageing leads to the dysfunctional proteostasis network (PN) that fails to maintain bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, only a few studies have revealed the pathophysiological relationship between bone metabolism and a single component of PN, yet the role of PN as a whole in the pathogenesis of OP is still under investigation. This review comprehensively summarized the role of PN in the pathogenesis of OP and further discussed the potential of PN as innovative drug targets for the therapy of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ronghui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiashuo Chao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China.
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Ke X, Yu S, Situ S, Lin Z, Yuan Y. Morroniside inhibits Beclin1-dependent autophagic death and Bax-dependent apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through repressing BCL2 phosphorylation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023:10.1007/s11626-023-00768-0. [PMID: 37155079 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Morroniside can prevent myocardial injury caused by ischemia and hypoxia, which can be used to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Hypoxia can cause apoptosis and autophagic death of cardiomyocytes. Morroniside has the ability to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy. However, the relationship between Morroniside-protected cardiomyocytes and two forms of death is unclear. The effects of Morroniside on the proliferation, apoptosis level, and autophagic activity of rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2 under hypoxia were first observed. Next, the roles of Morroniside in the phosphorylation of JNK and BCL2, BCL2-Beclin1, and BCL2-Bax complexes as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in H9c2 cells were evaluated upon hypoxia. Finally, the significance of BCL2 or JNK in Morroniside-regulated autophagy, apoptosis, and proliferation in H9c2 cells was assessed by combining Morroniside and BCL2 competitive inhibitor (ABT-737) or JNK activator (Anisomycin). Our results showed that hypoxia promoted autophagy and apoptosis of H9c2 cells, and inhibited their proliferation. However, Morroniside could block the effect of hypoxia on H9c2 cells. In addition, Morroniside could inhibit JNK phosphorylation, BCL2 phosphorylation at the Ser70 and Ser87 sites, and the dissociation of BCL2-Beclin1 and BCL2-Bax complexes in H9c2 cells upon hypoxia. Moreover, the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential in H9c2 cells caused by hypoxia was improved by Morroniside administration. Importantly, the inhibited autophagy, apoptosis, and promoted proliferation in H9c2 cells by Morroniside were reversed by the application of ABT-737 or Anisomycin. Overall, Morroniside inhibits Beclin1-dependent autophagic death and Bax-dependent apoptosis via JNK-mediated BCL2 phosphorylation, thereby improving the survival of cardiomyocytes under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Department of Medicine, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510145, China
| | - Shubiao Situ
- Department of Medicine, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510145, China
| | - Zhenqian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Yiqiang Yuan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zheng Zhou NO.7 People's Hospital, No.17, Jingnan 5th Road, Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450016, China.
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Doxorubicin Induces Bone Loss by Increasing Autophagy through a Mitochondrial ROS/TRPML1/TFEB Axis in Osteoclasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081476. [PMID: 36009195 PMCID: PMC9404930 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has been linked to an increased risk of bone damage in human patients and induces bone loss in mice. DOX induces autophagy, which contributes to bone homeostasis and excess autophagy in osteoclasts (OCs), resulting in bone loss. We hypothesized that DOX-induced bone loss is caused by the induction of autophagy in OCs. In vitro, DOX significantly increased the area of OCs and bone resorption activity, whereas it decreased OC number through apoptosis. DOX enhanced the level of LC3II and acidic vesicular organelles-containing cells in OCs, whereas an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), reversed these, indicating that enhanced autophagy was responsible for the effects of DOX. Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) by DOX oxidized transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) on the lysosomal membrane, which led to nuclear localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB), an autophagy-inducing transcription factor. In vivo, micro-computerized tomography analysis revealed that the injection of 3-MA reversed DOX-induced bone loss, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that 3-MA reduced the area of OCs on the bone surface, which was enhanced upon DOX administration. Collectively, DOX-induced bone loss is at least partly attributable to autophagy upregulation in OCs via an mROS/TRPML1/TFEB axis.
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7
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Interleukin-17 promotes osteoclastogenesis and periodontal damage via autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108631. [PMID: 35219162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of its potent pro-inflammatory properties, interleukin-17 (IL-17) contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This study explored the effects of IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis in an osteoclast monoculture and osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system, as tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between osteoclastogenesis and autophagy. METHODS Various ratios of calvarial osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclast precursor cells (mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, hereinafter referred to as OC) were tested. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect the optimum osteoblasts:osteoclasts ratio. IL-17 was added to the co-culture system to test its effects on multinucleated osteoclast formation and osteoclast-related proteins. We assessed the effects of IL-17 on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts, and determined if IL-17 alone could modulate osteoclast formation in an osteoclast monoculture. Administration of exogenous RANKL combined with IL-17 was employed to stimulate RAW264.7 cells osteoclastogenesis and to determine production of osteoclasts and autophagy-related proteins. We knocked down Beclin1 expression in RAW264.7 cells and examined the expression of autophagy-related and osteoclast-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and the co-culture system, and the TAK1-binding protein 3 (TAB3)/ extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. RESULTS A ratio of 20 OB : 1 OC yielded the highest rate of osteoclast formation. Low IL-17 concentrations increased osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures significantly, but high levels of IL-17 had the opposite effect. IL-17 alone could not induce formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 cells. Low IL-17 concentrations promoted osteoclast differentiation and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells induced by exogenous RANKL, but high IL-17 concentrations inhibited this process. Knockdown of Beclin1 reversed the enhanced effects of 0.1 ng/mL IL-17 on osteoclastogenesis and autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. The TAB3/ERK pathway was also blocked after autophagy inhibition. CONCLUSION In the co-culture model used in this study, a ratio of 20 OB:1 OC proved to be the optimal ratio to facilitate osteoclast formation. IL-17 regulated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via autophagy. The Beclin1/TAB3/ERK pathway was involved in osteoclast autophagy.
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Trojani MC, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V, Carle GF, Pierrefite-Carle V. Autophagy and bone diseases. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 89:105301. [PMID: 34673234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous cellular process, allowing the removal and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles. At the basal level, this process plays a role in quality control, thus participating in cellular homeostasis. Autophagy can also be induced by various stresses, such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia, to allow the cell to survive until conditions improve. In recent years, the role of this process has been widely studied in many pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. In bone tissue, various studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the survival, differentiation and activity of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. The evolution of this knowledge has led to the identification of new molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in bone pathologies. This review reports the current state of knowledge on the role of autophagy in 4 bone diseases: osteoporosis, which seems to be associated with a decrease in autophagy, osteopetrosis and Paget's disease where the course of the autophagic process is disturbed, and finally osteosarcoma where autophagy seems to play a protumoral role. A better understanding of the involvement of autophagy in these pathologies should eventually lead to the identification of new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Trojani
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sabine Santucci-Darmanin
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Véronique Breuil
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Georges F Carle
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- UMR E-430 TIRO-MATOS CEA/DRF Institut Joliot, faculté de médecine de Nice, université Nice Côte d'Azur, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 2, France; Inserm, Paris, France.
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Yu C, Zhu Y, Lv X, Wang Y. 1α,25-(OH) 2-D 3 promotes the autophagy during osteoclastogenesis by enhancing RANKL-RANK-TRAF6 signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:878-885. [PMID: 34780049 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As the active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 promotes receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced autophagy in osteoclast precursors (OCPs). However, the relationship between 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 and RANKL signaling is still unknown. This study aimed to explore whether 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 regulates OCP autophagy and osteoclastogenesis through RANKL signaling. Our results showed that 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 directly decreased OCP autophagy while significantly enhancing the ability of RANKL to promote OCP autophagy. Moreover, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 not only promoted the expression of key signaling proteins in OCPs induced by RANKL but also enhanced the coimmunoprecipitation levels of RANK and TRAF6. Notably, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 significantly enhanced the autophagic activity and osteoclast differentiation of RANK-positive OCPs but did not affect the autophagic activity or osteoclast differentiation of RANK-negative OCPs. More importantly, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 had no effect on autophagy or osteoclastogenesis in TRAF6-silenced OCPs. Overall, 1α,25-(OH)2-D3 could upregulate RANKL-RANK-TRAF6 signaling in OCPs, thereby promoting OCP autophagy and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Yu
- Department of Emergency, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China
| | - Yunrong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, No. 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixin Shanjuan Orthopaedic Hospital, YiXing, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, No. 163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu, China
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Duan J, Chen H, Xu D, Li Y, Li X, Cheng J, Hua R, Zhang Z, Yang L, Li Q. 17β-estradiol improves the developmental ability, inhibits reactive oxygen species levels and apoptosis of porcine oocytes by regulating autophagy events. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105826. [PMID: 33581253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estrogen plays a critical role in the development and apoptosis of oocytes. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and exquisitely regulated self-eating cellular process with important biological functions including the regulation of reproduction. This study aimed to determine the effect of autophagy regulated by the biologically active form of estrogen (17β-estradiol) in porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the effects of oocyte developmental competencies and autophagic activity in the porcine oocyte regulated by 17β-estradiol using autophagic inhibitor (Autophinib). In addition, we studied the role of autophagy in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial distribution, Ca2+ production, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and early apoptosis by caspase-3, -8 activity in the mature oocytes. RESULTS The results showed that the oocyte meiotic progression and early embryonic development were gradually decreased with Autophinib treatment, which was improved by 17β-estradiol. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed that 17β-estradiol primarily could promote the autophagy in the mature oocytes, and block the reduced-autophagic events by Autophinib. Moreover, 17β-estradiol improved the Autophinib induced high ROS levels, abnormal mitochondrial distribution and low Ca2+ production in mature oocytes. Analyses of early apoptosis and ΔΨm showed that autophagy inhibition was accompanied by increased cellular apoptosis, and 17β-estradiol reduced apoptosis rates of mature oocytes. Importantly, autophagy was downregulated by treatment with Autophinib, an activation of caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3 increased. Those effects were abolished by 17β-estradiol, which could upregulate autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Our study have showed important implications that 17β-estradiol could promote efficacy of the development of porcine oocytes, enhance the autophagy, reduce ROS levels and apoptosis activity in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwestern University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Guo YF, Su T, Yang M, Li CJ, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Luo XH. The role of autophagy in bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4152-4173. [PMID: 33452680 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process and is considered one of the main catabolism pathways. In the process of autophagy, cells are digested nonselectively or selectively to recover nutrients and energy, so it is regarded as an antiaging process. In addition to the essential role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is a stress response mechanism for cell survival. Here, we review recent literature describing the pathway of autophagy and its role in different bone cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Also discussed is the mechanism of autophagy in bone diseases associated with bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Finally, we discuss the application of autophagy regulators in bone diseases. This review aims to introduce autophagy, summarize the understanding of its relevance in bone physiology, and discuss its role and therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Florencio-Silva R, Sasso GRDS, Sasso-Cerri E, Simões MDJ, Cerri PS. Immunoexpression pattern of autophagy mediators in alveolar bone osteoclasts following estrogen withdrawal in female rats. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:321-333. [PMID: 33409945 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that estrogen deficiency increases osteoclast formation and activity. Autophagy, a cell survival pathway, has been shown to be crucial for osteoclast function. However, little is known about the effects of estrogen depletion on osteoclast autophagy. Here, we evaluated the effects of estrogen deficiency in the immunoexpression of autophagy mediators in alveolar bone osteoclasts of ovariectomized rats. Twelve adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX-group) or SHAM-operated (SHAM-group). After three weeks, the rats were euthanized and maxillary fragments containing alveolar bone of the first molars were processed for light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Paraffin-sections were subjected to the TRAP method (osteoclast marker) or to the immunohistochemical detections of beclin-1, LC3α, and p62 (autophagy mediators); araldite-sections were processed for TEM. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the number of immunolabeled-multinucleated cells (MNCs) along the alveolar bone surface of the first molar were computed. The number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the number of beclin-1-, LC3α- and p62-immunolabelled osteoclasts were significantly higher in OVX-group than the SHAM-group. MNCs were frequently located juxtaposed to Howship lacunae along the alveolar bone surface, indicating that these cells are osteoclasts. TEM revealed osteoclasts exhibiting autophagosomes. Our data indicate that autophagy plays an important role during estrogen deficiency-induced osteoclastogenesis. Thus, our results contribute to a better understanding on the role of autophagy on osteoclasts under estrogenic deficiency, and reinforce the idea that modulation of autophagy may be a useful tool to inhibit excessive oral bone resorption in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Araraquara - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina - EPM, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Araraquara - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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Study on the morphological and metabolic changes of femur in laying hens with hypophosphatemia. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:127-136. [PMID: 33360573 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Layer fatigue syndrome caused by the lack of calcium and phosphorus can cause fracture in laying hens. The effect of phosphorus deficiency on the femur of laying hens with layer fatigue syndrome has not been studied. In this study, sixty 22-week-old Roman white layers were randomly divided into control group (group C) and low phosphorus group (group P), 30 individuals in each group. The available phosphorus content of group P was 0.18%. At the age of 26, 30 and 34 weeks, the production performance, biomechanical index, protein expression, histopathological change of femur and serological index were detected. The results showed that the laying rate, egg quality and body weight of laying hens, bone density, cortical bone thickness, rigidity, flexural modulus, flexural rigidity, the maximum load of femur and expression of osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) decreased of group P. The number of osteocytes was decreased, and the voids was increased. However, cell lacunae were not obvious. The levels of phosphorus, calcium and OCN were increased, and the content of estradiol (E2), OPG and calcitonin (CT) were decreased in serum. In conclusion, the low phosphorus diet can induce layer fatigue syndrome and affect the content of OPG and E2 in serum and the expression of OCN, OPG, RANK and RANKL in femur protein, which leads to the imbalance of bone homeostasis, the thinning of femur cortex bone and the decrease of bone density.
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Li X, Xu J, Dai B, Wang X, Guo Q, Qin L. Targeting autophagy in osteoporosis: From pathophysiology to potential therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101098. [PMID: 32535273 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by the loss of bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration of bone tissue, attributed to various factors, including menopause (primary), aging (primary) and adverse effects of relevant medications (secondary). In recent decades, knowledge regarding the etiological mechanisms underpinning osteoporosis emphasizes that bone cellular homeostasis, including the maintenance of cell functions, differentiation, and the response to stress, is tightly regulated by autophagy, which is a cell survival mechanism for eliminating and recycling damaged proteins and organelles. With the important roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function, autophagy has emerged as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we update and discuss the pathophysiology of autophagy in normal bone cell life cycle and metabolism. Then, the alternations of autophagy in primary and secondary osteoporosis, and the accompanied pathological process are discussed. Finally, we discuss current strategies, limitations, and challenges involved in targeting relevant pathways and propose strategies by which such hurdles may be circumvented in the future for their translation into clinical validations and applications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Cheng L, Zhu Y, Ke D, Xie D. Oestrogen-activated autophagy has a negative effect on the anti-osteoclastogenic function of oestrogen. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12789. [PMID: 32157750 PMCID: PMC7162800 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oestrogen is known to inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and numerous studies have identified it as an autophagic activator. To date, the role of oestrogen in the autophagy of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) during osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of autophagy regulated by the biologically active form of oestrogen (17β-estradiol) on osteoclastogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS After treatment with 17β-estradiol in OCPs (from bone marrow-derived macrophages, BMMs) and ovariectomy (OVX) mice, we measured the effect of 17β-estradiol on the autophagy of OCPs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we studied the role of autophagy in the OCP proliferation, osteoclast differentiation and bone loss regulated by 17β-estradiol using autophagic inhibitor or knock-down of autophagic genes. RESULTS The results showed that direct administration of 17β-estradiol enhanced the autophagic response of OCPs. Interestingly, 17β-estradiol inhibited the stimulatory effect of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) on the autophagy and osteoclastogenesis of OCPs. Moreover, 17β-estradiol inhibited the downstream signalling of RANKL. Autophagic suppression by pharmacological inhibitors or gene silencing enhanced the inhibitory effect of 17β-estradiol on osteoclastogenesis. In vivo assays showed that the autophagic inhibitor 3-MA not only inhibited the autophagic activity of the OCPs in the trabecular bone of OVX mice but also enhanced the ability of 17β-estradiol to ameliorate bone loss. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study showed that oestrogen directly enhanced the autophagy of OCPs, which inhibited its anti-osteoclastogenic effect. Drugs based on autophagic inhibition may enhance the efficacy of oestrogen on osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunrong Zhu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast UniversityJiangyinChina
| | - Dianshan Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Denghui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration DiseasesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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