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Deng Z, Richardson DR. The Myc Family and the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1: Targeting Key Molecular Interactions with Innovative Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1007-1035. [PMID: 37280098 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in ∼10 million deaths in 2020. Major oncogenic effectors are the Myc proto-oncogene family, which consists of three members including c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc. As a pertinent example of the role of the Myc family in tumorigenesis, amplification of MYCN in childhood neuroblastoma strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. Complexes between Myc oncoproteins and their partners such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Myc-associated protein X (MAX) result in proliferation arrest and pro-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions with other proteins are also important for N-Myc activity. For instance, the enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) binds directly to N-Myc to stabilize it by acting as a competitor against the ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXW7, which prevents proteasomal degradation. Heat shock protein 90 may also be involved in N-Myc stabilization since it binds to EZH2 and prevents its degradation. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is downregulated by N-Myc and participates in the regulation of cellular proliferation via associating with other proteins, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. These molecular interactions provide a better understanding of the biologic roles of N-Myc and NDRG1, which can be potentially used as therapeutic targets. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key interactions may also be a promising strategy for anti-cancer drug development. This review examines the interactions between the Myc proteins and other molecules, with a special focus on the relationship between N-Myc and NDRG1 and possible therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors, with a dismal five-year survival rate. This problem makes it imperative to discover new and more effective therapeutics. The molecular interactions between major oncogenic drivers of the Myc family and other key proteins; for example, the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, may potentially be used as targets for anti-neuroblastoma drug development. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key molecular interactions may also be promising for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
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2
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Ahmadi Teshnizi S, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Sharifi G. A review on the role of NDRG1 in different cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6251-6264. [PMID: 37249826 PMCID: PMC10290039 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
NDRG1 is a member of the α/β hydrolase superfamily that resides in the cytoplasm and participates in the stress responses, hormone response, cell growth, and differentiation. Several studies have pointed to the importance of NDRG1 in the carcinogenesis. This gene has been found to be up-regulated in an array of cancer types such as bladder, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, endometrial, lung and liver cancers, but being down-regulated in other types of cancers such as colorectal, gastric and ovarian cancers. The current study summarizes the evidence on the role of NDRG1 in the carcinogenic processes in different types of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Teshnizi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Valluri A, Wellman J, McCallister CL, Brown KC, Lawrence L, Russell R, Jensen J, Denvir J, Valentovic MA, Denning KL, Salisbury TB. mTOR Regulation of N-Myc Downstream Regulated 1 (NDRG1) Phosphorylation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9364. [PMID: 37298315 PMCID: PMC10253553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a component of two signaling complexes that are known as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. We sought to identify mTOR-phosphorylated proteins that are differently expressed in clinically resected clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) relative to pair-matched normal renal tissue. Using a proteomic array, we found N-Myc Downstream Regulated 1 (NDRG1) showed the greatest increase (3.3-fold) in phosphorylation (on Thr346) in ccRCC. This was associated with an increase in total NDRG1. RICTOR is a required subunit in mTORC2, and its knockdown decreased total and phospho-NDRG1 (Thr346) but not NDRG1 mRNA. The dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, Torin 2, significantly reduced (by ~100%) phospho-NDRG1 (Thr346). Rapamycin is a selective mTORC1 inhibitor that had no effect on the levels of total NDRG1 or phospho-NDRG1 (Thr346). The reduction in phospho-NDRG1 (Thr346) due to the inhibition of mTORC2 corresponded with a decrease in the percentage of live cells, which was correlated with an increase in apoptosis. Rapamycin had no effect on ccRCC cell viability. Collectively, these data show that mTORC2 mediates the phosphorylation of NDRG1 (Thr346) in ccRCC. We hypothesize that RICTOR and mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of NDRG1 (Thr346) promotes the viability of ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Valluri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Jessica Wellman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Chelsea L. McCallister
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Kathleen C. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Logan Lawrence
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (L.L.); (R.R.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Rebecca Russell
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (L.L.); (R.R.); (K.L.D.)
| | - James Jensen
- Edwards Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA;
| | - James Denvir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Monica A. Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Krista L. Denning
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (L.L.); (R.R.); (K.L.D.)
| | - Travis B. Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (A.V.); (J.W.); (C.L.M.); (K.C.B.); (J.D.); (M.A.V.)
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4
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Wu Y, Terekhanova NV, Caravan W, Naser Al Deen N, Lal P, Chen S, Mo CK, Cao S, Li Y, Karpova A, Liu R, Zhao Y, Shinkle A, Strunilin I, Weimholt C, Sato K, Yao L, Serasanambati M, Yang X, Wyczalkowski M, Zhu H, Zhou DC, Jayasinghe RG, Mendez D, Wendl MC, Clark D, Newton C, Ruan Y, Reimers MA, Pachynski RK, Kinsinger C, Jewell S, Chan DW, Zhang H, Chaudhuri AA, Chheda MG, Humphreys BD, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Hsieh JJ, Ding L, Chen F. Epigenetic and transcriptomic characterization reveals progression markers and essential pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1681. [PMID: 36973268 PMCID: PMC10042888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying tumor-cell-specific markers and elucidating their epigenetic regulation and spatial heterogeneity provides mechanistic insights into cancer etiology. Here, we perform snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq in 34 and 28 human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) specimens, respectively, with matched bulk proteogenomics data. By identifying 20 tumor-specific markers through a multi-omics tiered approach, we reveal an association between higher ceruloplasmin (CP) expression and reduced survival. CP knockdown, combined with spatial transcriptomics, suggests a role for CP in regulating hyalinized stroma and tumor-stroma interactions in ccRCC. Intratumoral heterogeneity analysis portrays tumor cell-intrinsic inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as two distinguishing features of tumor subpopulations. Finally, BAP1 mutations are associated with widespread reduction of chromatin accessibility, while PBRM1 mutations generally increase accessibility, with the former affecting five times more accessible peaks than the latter. These integrated analyses reveal the cellular architecture of ccRCC, providing insights into key markers and pathways in ccRCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Wu
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Terekhanova
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Nataly Naser Al Deen
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Preet Lal
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Alla Karpova
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Shinkle
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Ilya Strunilin
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kazuhito Sato
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Mamatha Serasanambati
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Wyczalkowski
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Daniel Cui Zhou
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Reyka G Jayasinghe
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Daniel Mendez
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - David Clark
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Melissa A Reimers
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chris Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Scott Jewell
- Van Andel Institutes, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Aadel A Chaudhuri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Ibraheem NI, H. Ali R, B. Ismail M. NDRG1 is being investigated as a possible bladder cancer biomarker in the Iraqi population. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With 549,393 new cases recorded in 2018, bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Urinary bladder cancer is the cause of about 3 percent of all new cancer diagnoses and 2.1 percent of all cancer deaths. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1(NDRG1) as a biomarker for bladder cancer patients in the Iraqi population. One hundred individuals in the case-control study were enrolled and divided into two groups. The first group included 50 patients diagnosed with a bladder mass and investigated by undergoing cystoscopy examination for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB). The second group included 50 healthy individuals who had normal bladder tissue. The results of the present study showed the highest level of (NDRG1) among cases with statically significant association (p=0.001). The ROC curve demonstrated that the protein level of (NDRG1) could distinguish disease patients from healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 92%. Serum (NDRG1) protein is an efficient and noninvasive tumor marker for diagnosing bladder cancer.
Keywords: N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor I.A. Ibraheem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Rawaa H. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed B. Ismail
- Urology department, surgical subspecialty hospital, Baghdad medical city complex
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Ma X, Tan Z, Zhang Q, Ma K, Xiao J, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhong M, Wang Y, Li J, Zeng X, Guan W, Wang S, Gong K, Wei GH, Wang Z. VHL Ser65 mutations enhance HIF2α signaling and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:52. [PMID: 35505422 PMCID: PMC9066845 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant genetic neoplastic disorder caused by germline mutation or deletion of the VHL gene, characterized by the tendency to develop multisystem benign or malignant tumors. The mechanism of VHL mutants in pathogenicity is poorly understand.
Results
Here we identified heterozygous missense mutations c.193T > C and c.194C > G in VHL in several patients from two Chinese families. These mutations are predicted to cause Serine (c.193T > C) to Proline and Tryptophan (c.194C > G) substitution at residue 65 of VHL protein (p.Ser65Pro and Ser65Trp). Ser65 residue, located within the β-domain and nearby the interaction sites with hypoxia-inducing factor α (HIFα), is highly conserved among different species. We observed gain of functions in VHL mutations, thereby stabilizing HIF2α protein and reprograming HIF2α genome-wide target gene transcriptional programs. Further analysis of independent cohorts of patients with renal carcinoma revealed specific HIF2α gene expression signatures in the context of VHL Ser65Pro or Ser65Trp mutation, showing high correlations with hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling activities and strong associations with poor prognosis.
Conclusions
Together, our findings highlight the crucial role of pVHL-HIF dysregulation in VHL disease and strengthen the clinical relevance and significance of the missense mutations of Ser65 residue in pVHL in the familial VHL disease.
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NDRG1 in Cancer: A Suppressor, Promoter, or Both? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235739. [PMID: 36497221 PMCID: PMC9737586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downregulated gene-1 (NDRG1) has been variably reported as a metastasis suppressor, a biomarker of poor outcome, and a facilitator of disease progression in a range of different cancers. NDRG1 is poorly understood in cancer due to its context-dependent and pleiotropic functions. Within breast cancer, NDRG1 is reported to be either a facilitator of, or an inhibitor of tumour progression and metastasis. The wide array of roles played by NDRG1 are dependent on post-translational modifications and subcellular localization, as well as the cellular context, for example, cancer type. We present an update on NDRG1, and its association with hallmarks of cancer such as hypoxia, its interaction with oncogenic proteins such as p53 as well its role in oncogenic and metastasis pathways in breast and other cancers. We further comment on its functional implications as a metastasis suppressor and promoter, its clinical relevance, and discuss its therapeutic targetability in different cancers.
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Zhang ZY, Zhang SL, Chen HL, Mao YQ, Kong CY, Li ZM, Wang LS, Ma M, Han B. Low EGR1 expression predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153666. [PMID: 34749216 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is resistant to conventional therapy due to the deletion of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, and novel treatment options are urgently needed. Here, using tissue microarray analysis of 445 cancer tissues and 326 adjacent normal renal tissues obtained from patients with ccRCC, we present the early growth response-1 (EGR1) protein levels are significantly decreased in ccRCC cancer tissues. Consistently, the EGR1 mRNA expression also decreased in cancer tissues based on the transcriptomic data for 599 tumor and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Moreover, Patients with ccRCC presenting low EGR1 expression are more prone to exhibit metastasis and a poor prognosis than those with high EGR1 expression. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, EGR1 is determined to serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with ccRCC. Further cellular biochemical function analyses show that EGR1 may inhibit proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ccRCC. These findings will deepen our understanding of EGR1 function and shed light on precise treatment for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China.
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9
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Meng F, Zhang L, Zhang M, Ye K, Guo W, Liu Y, Yang W, Zhai Z, Wang H, Xiao J, Dai H. Down-regulation of BCL2L13 renders poor prognosis in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:332. [PMID: 34193180 PMCID: PMC8247248 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BCL2L13 belongs to the BCL2 super family, with its protein product exhibits capacity of apoptosis-mediating in diversified cell lines. Previous studies have shown that BCL2L13 has functional consequence in several tumor types, including ALL and GBM, however, its function in kidney cancer remains as yet unclearly. Methods Multiple web-based portals were employed to analyze the effect of BCL2L13 in kidney cancer using the data from TCGA database. Functional enrichment analysis and hubs of BCL2L13 co-expressed genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) were carried out on Cytoscape. Evaluation of BCL2L13 protein level was accomplished through immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded renal cancer tissue sections. Western blotting and flow cytometry were implemented to further analyze the pro-apoptotic function of BCL2L13 in ccRCC cell line 786-0. Results BCL2L13 expression is significantly decreased in ccRCC and pRCC patients, however, mutations and copy number alterations are rarely observed. The poor prognosis of ccRCC that derived from down-regulated BCL2L13 is independent of patients’ gender or tumor grade. Furthermore, BCL2L13 only weakly correlates with the genes that mutated in kidney cancer or the genes that associated with inherited kidney cancer predisposing syndrome, while actively correlates with SLC25A4. As a downstream effector of BCL2L13 in its pro-apoptotic pathway, SLC25A4 is found as one of the hub genes that involved in the physiological function of BCL2L13 in kidney cancer tissues. Conclusions Down-regulation of BCL2L13 renders poor prognosis in ccRCC and pRCC. This disadvantageous factor is independent of any well-known kidney cancer related genes, so BCL2L13 can be used as an effective indicator for prognostic evaluation of renal cell carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02039-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Luojin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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10
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Zhao T, Meng Y, Wang Y, Wang W. NDRG1 regulates osteosarcoma cells via mediating the mitochondrial function and CSCs differentiation. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:364. [PMID: 34099022 PMCID: PMC8182938 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are mainly contributed to malignancy metastatic potential and resistant therapy of osteosarcoma (OS). The mitochondria-related apoptosis was generally accepted as the target of tumor therapy. However, the effect of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) on CSCs and mitochondrial health in OS is still unknown. METHODS In OS cells, MG63 and U2OS, the siRNA of NDRG1 were conducted. Transwell, western blot, RT-qPCR, and mitochondria isolation were used to identify the effect of NDRG on OS cells and mitochondria. Moreover, the differentiation-related factors of CSCs were determined. RESULTS After downregulation of NDRG1, the cell viability, invasion ability decreased whereas cell apoptosis increased. The expressions profiles of fibronectin, vimentin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and MMP13 were downregulated, but E-cadherin expression level was upregulated by NDRG1 siRNA. At the same time, cytochrome (Cyt) C levels were increased in cytosol with the decreasing in mitochondria after siRNA treatment. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMPs) was declined, and the function of mitochondria was impeded. The expressions of uncoupling proteins (UCP) 2, voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α, and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 were downregulated by NDRG1 silencing. Moreover, NDRG performed its function primarily through the Wnt pathway and could regulate the differentiation of osteosarcoma stem cells. CONCLUSION Silencing of NDRG1 could damage the function of mitochondria, promote the CSCs differentiation, alleviating OS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Dongggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongping Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Dongggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Dongggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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11
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Zhang ZY, Zhang SL, Chen HL, Mao YQ, Li ZM, Kong CY, Han B, Zhang J, Chen YH, Xue W, Zhai W, Wang LS. The up-regulation of NDRG1 by HIF counteracts the cancer-promoting effect of HIF in VHL-deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12853. [PMID: 32537867 PMCID: PMC7377940 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are thought to play important roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of VHL-deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS The roles of HIF-1/2α in VHL-deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma were evaluated by bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The downstream genes that counteract the cancer-promoting effect of HIF were analysed by unbiased proteomics and verified by in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS There was no correlation between the high protein level of HIF-1/2α and the poor prognosis of ccRCC patients in our large set of clinical data. Furthermore, NDRG1 was found to be up-regulated by both HIF-1α and -2α at the cellular level and in ccRCC tissues. Intriguingly, the high NDRG1 expression was correlated with lower Furman grade, TNM stage and longer survival for ccRCC patients compared with the low NDRG1 expression. In addition, NDRG1 suppressed the expression of series oncogenes as well as the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of VHL-deficient ccRCC cells in vitro and vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that HIF downstream gene of NDRG1 may counteract the cancer-promoting effect of HIF. These results provided evidence that NDRG1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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