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Giraudi PJ, Laraño AA, Monego SD, Pravisani R, Bonazza D, Gondolesi G, Tiribelli C, Baralle F, Baccarani U, Licastro D. Genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptomic analysis of liver tissues subjected to early ischemia/reperfusion injury upon human liver transplantation. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101506. [PMID: 38710471 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Epigenetic changes represent a mechanism connecting external stresses with long-term modifications of gene expression programs. In solid organ transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) appears to induce epigenomic changes in the graft, although the currently available data are extremely limited. The present study aimed to characterize variations in DNA methylation and their effects on the transcriptome in liver transplantation from brain-dead donors. PATIENTS AND METHODS 12 liver grafts were evaluated through serial biopsies at different timings in the procurement-transplantation process: T0 (warm procurement, in donor), T1 (bench surgery), and T2 (after reperfusion, in recipient). DNA methylation (DNAm) and transcriptome profiles of biopsies were analyzed using microarrays and RNAseq. RESULTS Significant variations in DNAm were identified, particularly between T2 and T0. Functional enrichment of the best 1000 ranked differentially methylated promoters demonstrated that 387 hypermethylated and 613 hypomethylated promoters were involved in spliceosomal assembly and response to biotic stimuli, and inflammatory immune responses, respectively. At the transcriptome level, T2 vs. T0 showed an upregulation of 337 and downregulation of 61 genes, collectively involved in TNF-α, NFKB, and interleukin signaling. Cell enrichment analysis individuates macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils as the most significant tissue-cell type in the response. CONCLUSIONS In the process of liver graft procurement-transplantation, IRI induces significant epigenetic changes that primarily act on the signaling pathways of inflammatory responses dependent on TNF-α, NFKB, and interleukins. Our DNAm datasets are the early IRI methylome literature and will serve as a launch point for studying the impact of epigenetic modification in IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Giraudi
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Allen A Laraño
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Riccardo Pravisani
- Liver-Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Cattinara Hospital, ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriel Gondolesi
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería, Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco Baralle
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Liver-Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
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Wu D, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Bai Y, Zhan X, Gao Y, Zhou H, Hu H, Wang P, Rao Z. tBHQ mitigates fatty liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2 to attenuate hepatocyte mitochondrial damage and macrophage STING activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112515. [PMID: 38917524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is an inevitable pathophysiological process in various liver surgeries. Previous studies have found that IR injury is exacerbated in fatty liver due to significant hepatocellular damage and macrophage inflammatory activation, though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we aim to explore the role and mechanism of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling in regulating hepatocellular damage and macrophage immune response in fatty liver IR injury. METHODS The study used high-fat diet-induced fatty liver mice to establish an IR model, alongside an in vitro co-culture system of primary hepatocytes and macrophages. This approach was used to examine mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, and activation of macrophage STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) signaling. We also conducted recovery verification using H-151 (a STING inhibitor) and tBHQ (an Nrf2 activator). RESULTS Compared to the control group, mice on a high-fat diet demonstrated more severe liver IR injury, as evidenced by increased histological damage, elevated liver enzyme levels, and heightened inflammatory markers. The HFD group showed significant oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and damage post-IR, as indicated by elevated levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation markers, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. Elevated mtDNA release from hepatocytes post-IR activated macrophage STING signaling, worsening inflammation and liver damage. However, STING signaling inhibition with H-151 in vivo or employing STING knockout macrophages significantly reduced these injuries. In-depth mechanism studies have found that the transfer of Nrf2 protein into the nucleus of liver cells after IR in fatty liver is reduced. Pre-treatment with tBHQ ameliorated liver oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and suppressed the macrophage STING signaling activation. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel mechanism where the interaction between hepatocellular damage and macrophage inflammation intensifies liver IR injury in fatty liver. Enhancing Nrf2 activation to protect mitochondrial from oxidative stress damage and inhibiting macrophage STING signaling activation emerge as promising strategies for clinical intervention in fatty liver IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuechen Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Gao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.
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3
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Liu Z, Zhu H, Zhao J, Yu L, Que S, Xu J, Geng L, Zhou L, Valenti L, Zheng S. Multi-omics analysis reveals a crosstalk between ferroptosis and peroxisomes on steatotic graft failure after liver transplantation. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e588. [PMID: 38868330 PMCID: PMC11167151 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify the mechanism underlying macrosteatosis (MaS)-related graft failure (GF) in liver transplantation (LT) by multi-omics network analysis. The transcriptome and metabolome were assayed in graft and recipient plasma in discovery (n = 68) and validation (n = 89) cohorts. Differentially expressed molecules were identified by MaS and GF status. Transcriptional regulatory networks were generated to explore the mechanism for MaS-related inferior post-transplant prognosis. The differentially expressed molecules associated with MaS and GF were enriched in ferroptosis and peroxisome-related pathways. Core features of MaS-related GF were presented on decreased transferrin and impaired anti-oxidative capacity dependent upon dysregulation of transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A). Furthermore, miR-362-3p and miR-299-5p inhibited transferrin and HIF1A expression, respectively. Lower M2 macrophages but higher memory CD4 T cells were observed in MaS-related GF cases. These results were validated in clinical specimens and cellular models. Systemic analysis of multi-omics data depicted a panorama of biological pathways deregulated in MaS-related GF. Transcriptional regulatory networks centered on transferrin and anti-oxidant responses were associated with poor MaS graft quality, qualifying as potential targets to improve prognosis of patients after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Liu
- Shulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang ProvinceShulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ TransplantationCAMS, First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shulan Hospital (Hangzhou)HangzhouChina
| | - Hai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ TransplantationCAMS, First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Junsheng Zhao
- Shulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang ProvinceShulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lu Yu
- Shulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shulan Hospital (Hangzhou)HangzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | | | - Jun Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lei Geng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ TransplantationCAMS, First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Transfusion Medicine UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Biological Resource Center UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Shulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang ProvinceShulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ TransplantationKey Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ TransplantationCAMS, First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ TransplantationFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shulan Hospital (Hangzhou)HangzhouChina
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Xu C, Fang X, Lu B, Song Y, Shu W, Lu Z, Su R, Xiang Z, Xu X, Wei X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate fatty liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating autophagy through upregulation of IFNγ. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4040. [PMID: 38850132 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important factor affecting the prognosis of liver transplantation, and extended criteria donors (e.g., steatosis donor livers) are considered to be more sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. Currently, the application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has great promise in the treatment of various injuries in the liver. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role and mechanism of hMSCs in fatty liver IRI. After more than 8 weeks of high-fat chow feeding, we constructed a fatty liver mouse model and established ischemic injury of about 70% of the liver. Six hours after IRI, liver injury was significantly alleviated in hMSCs-treated mice, and the expression levels of liver enzyme, inflammatory factor TNF-α, and apoptotic proteins were significantly lower than those of the control group, which were also significant in pathological sections. Transcriptomics analysis showed that IFNγ was significantly upregulated in the hMSCs group. Mechanistically, IFNγ, which activates the MAPK pathway, is a potent agonist that promotes the occurrence of autophagy in hepatocytes to exert a protective function, which was confirmed by in vitro experiments. In summary, hMSCs treatment could slow down IRI in fatty liver by activating autophagy through upregulation of IFNγ, and this effect was partly direct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixi Fang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yisu Song
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Shu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyi Su
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Arenas Hoyos I, Helmer A, Banz Y, Zubler C, Lese I, Hirsiger S, Constantinescu M, Rieben R, Gultom M, Olariu R. Transcriptome profiling of immune rejection mechanisms in a porcine vascularized composite allotransplantation model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390163. [PMID: 38840906 PMCID: PMC11151749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) offers the potential for a biological, functional reconstruction in individuals with limb loss or facial disfigurement. Yet, it faces substantial challenges due to heightened immune rejection rates compared to solid organ transplants. A deep understanding of the genetic and immunological drivers of VCA rejection is essential to improve VCA outcomes. Methods Heterotopic porcine hindlimb VCA models were established and followed until reaching the endpoint. Skin and muscle samples were obtained from VCA transplant recipient pigs for histological assessments and RNA sequencing analysis. The rejection groups included recipients with moderate pathological rejection, treated locally with tacrolimus encapsulated in triglycerol-monostearate gel (TGMS-TAC), as well as recipients with severe end-stage rejection presenting evident necrosis. Healthy donor tissue served as controls. Bioinformatics analysis, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy were utilized to examine gene expression patterns and the expression of immune response markers. Results Our comprehensive analyses encompassed differentially expressed genes, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, spanning various composite tissues including skin and muscle, in comparison to the healthy control group. The analysis revealed a consistency and reproducibility in alignment with the pathological rejection grading. Genes and pathways associated with innate immunity, notably pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and antigen processing and presentation pathways, exhibited upregulation in the VCA rejection groups compared to the healthy controls. Our investigation identified significant shifts in gene expression related to cytokines, chemokines, complement pathways, and diverse immune cell types, with CD8 T cells and macrophages notably enriched in the VCA rejection tissues. Mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis were observed and coexisted in rejected tissues. Conclusion Our study provides insights into the genetic profile of tissue rejection in the porcine VCA model. We comprehensively analyze the molecular landscape of immune rejection mechanisms, from innate immunity activation to critical stages such as antigen recognition, cytotoxic rejection, and cell death. This research advances our understanding of graft rejection mechanisms and offers potential for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to enhance the long-term success of VCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Arenas Hoyos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anja Helmer
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yara Banz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Zubler
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Lese
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Hirsiger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Constantinescu
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitra Gultom
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Radu Olariu
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Shen W, Yang M, Chen H, He C, Li H, Yang X, Zhuo J, Lin Z, Hu Z, Lu D, Xu X. FGF21-mediated autophagy: Remodeling the homeostasis in response to stress in liver diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101027. [PMID: 38292187 PMCID: PMC10825283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are worldwide problems closely associated with various stresses, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress. The exact interplay between stress and liver diseases remains unclear. Autophagy plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis, and recent studies indicate tight crosstalk between stress and autophagy in liver diseases. Once the balance between damage and autophagy is broken, autophagy can no longer resist injury or maintain homeostasis. In recent years, FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21)-induced autophagy has attracted much attention. FGF21 is regarded as a stress hormone and can be up-regulated by an abundance of signaling pathways in response to stress. Also, increased FGF21 activates autophagy by a complicated signaling network in which mTOR plays a pivotal role. This review summarizes the mechanism of FGF21-mediated autophagy and its derived application in the defense of stress in liver diseases and offers a glimpse into its promising prospect in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Chiyu He
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Huigang Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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7
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Abedini-Nassab R, Taheri F, Emamgholizadeh A, Naderi-Manesh H. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Organ and Cell Transplantation. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38667182 PMCID: PMC11048310 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing is a high-throughput novel method that provides transcriptional profiling of individual cells within biological samples. This method typically uses microfluidics systems to uncover the complex intercellular communication networks and biological pathways buried within highly heterogeneous cell populations in tissues. One important application of this technology sits in the fields of organ and stem cell transplantation, where complications such as graft rejection and other post-transplantation life-threatening issues may occur. In this review, we first focus on research in which single-cell RNA sequencing is used to study the transcriptional profile of transplanted tissues. This technology enables the analysis of the donor and recipient cells and identifies cell types and states associated with transplant complications and pathologies. We also review the use of single-cell RNA sequencing in stem cell implantation. This method enables studying the heterogeneity of normal and pathological stem cells and the heterogeneity in cell populations. With their remarkably rapid pace, the single-cell RNA sequencing methodologies will potentially result in breakthroughs in clinical transplantation in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 1411944961, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taheri
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur P.O. Box 9319774446, Iran
| | - Ali Emamgholizadeh
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 1411944961, Iran
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 1411944961, Iran;
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Bioscience, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 1411944961, Iran
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Li F, Guan Z, Gao Y, Bai Y, Zhan X, Ji X, Xu J, Zhou H, Rao Z. ER stress promotes mitochondrial calcium overload and activates the ROS/NLRP3 axis to mediate fatty liver ischemic injury. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0399. [PMID: 38497930 PMCID: PMC10948136 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty livers are widely accepted as marginal donors for liver transplantation but are more susceptible to liver ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Increased macrophage-related inflammation plays an important role in the aggravation of fatty liver IR injury. Here, we investigate the precise mechanism by which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates macrophage NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling by regulating mitochondrial calcium overload in fatty liver IR. METHODS Control- and high-fat diet-fed mice were subjected to a partial liver IR model. The ER stress, mitochondrial calcium levels, and NLRP3 signaling pathway in macrophages were analyzed. RESULTS Liver steatosis exacerbated liver inflammation and IR injury and enhanced NLRP3 activation in macrophages. Myeloid NLRP3 deficiency attenuated intrahepatic inflammation and fatty liver injury following IR. Mechanistically, increased ER stress and mitochondrial calcium overload were observed in macrophages obtained from mouse fatty livers after IR. Suppression of ER stress by tauroursodeoxycholic acid effectively downregulated mitochondrial calcium accumulation and suppressed NLRP3 activation in macrophages, leading to decreased inflammatory IR injury in fatty livers. Moreover, Xestospongin-C-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial calcium influx decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression in macrophages after IR. Scavenging of mitochondrial ROS by mito-TEMPO suppressed macrophage NLRP3 activation and IR injury in fatty livers, indicating that excessive mitochondrial ROS production was responsible for macrophage NLRP3 activation induced by mitochondrial calcium overload. Patients with fatty liver also exhibited upregulated activation of NLRP3 and the ER stress signaling pathway after IR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ER stress promotes mitochondrial calcium overload to activate ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathways within macrophages during IR-stimulated inflammatory responses associated with fatty livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Gao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Groiss S, Viertler C, Kap M, Bernhardt G, Mischinger HJ, Sieuwerts A, Verhoef C, Riegman P, Kruhøffer M, Svec D, Sjöback SR, Becker KF, Zatloukal K. Inter-patient heterogeneity in the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury transcriptome: Implications for research and diagnostics. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:20-29. [PMID: 38072306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses induced by surgical procedure or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may severely alter transcriptome profiles and complicate molecular diagnostics. To investigate this effect, we characterized such pre-analytical effects in 143 non-malignant liver samples obtained from 30 patients at different time points of ischemia during surgery from two individual cohorts treated either with the Pringle manoeuvre or total vascular exclusion. Transcriptomics profiles were analyzed by Affymetrix microarrays and expression of selected mRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. We found 179 mutually deregulated genes which point to elevated cytokine signaling with NFκB as a dominant pathway in ischemia responses. In contrast to ischemia, reperfusion induced pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cascades involving TNF, NFκB and MAPK pathways. FOS and JUN were down-regulated in steatosis compared to their up-regulation in normal livers. Surprisingly, molecular signatures of underlying primary and secondary cancers were present in non-tumor tissue. The reported inter-patient variability might reflect differences in individual stress responses and impact of underlying disease conditions. Furthermore, we provide a set of 230 pre-analytically highly robust genes identified from histologically normal livers (<2% covariation across both cohorts) that might serve as reference genes and could be particularly suited for future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Groiss
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Viertler
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marcel Kap
- Pathology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Bernhardt
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Jörg Mischinger
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anieta Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cees Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Riegman
- Pathology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David Svec
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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10
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Wu Z, Liu D, Ou Y, Xu Z, Heng G, Liu W, Fu N, Wang J, Jiang D, Gan L, Dong J, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhang C. Mechanism and endoscopic-treatment-induced evolution of biliary non-anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1622. [PMID: 38481381 PMCID: PMC10938070 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary complications, especially non-anastomotic stricture (NAS), are the main complications after liver transplantation. Insufficient sampling and no recognized animal models obstruct the investigation. Thus, the mechanisms and alterations that occur during endoscopic treatment (ET) of NAS remain unclear. METHODS Samples were obtained with endoscopic forceps from the hilar bile ducts of NAS patients receiving continuous biliary stent implantation after diagnosis. Retrospective analysis of multiple studies indicated that the duration of ET for NAS was approximately 1-2 years. Thus, we divided the patients into short-term treatment (STT) and long-term treatment (LTT) groups based on durations of less or more than 1 year. Samples were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptomic differences between STT and normal groups were defined as the NAS mechanism. Similarly, alterations from STT to LTT groups were regarded as endoscopic-treatment-induced evolution. RESULTS In NAS, inflammation and immune-related pathways were upregulated in different cell types, with nonimmune cells showing hypoxia pathway upregulation and immune cells showing ATP metabolism pathway upregulation, indicating heterogeneity. We confirmed a reduction in bile acid metabolism-related SPP1+ epithelial cells in NAS. Increases in proinflammatory and profibrotic fibroblast subclusters indicated fibrotic progression in NAS. Furthermore, immune disorders in NAS were exacerbated by an increase in plasma cells and dysfunction of NK and NKT cells. ET downregulated multicellular immune and inflammatory responses and restored epithelial and endothelial cell proportions. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms and evolution of NAS induced by ET, thereby providing preventive and therapeutic insights into NAS. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on the bile ducts of patients with biliary complications. scRNA-seq analysis revealed distinct changes in the proportion and phenotype of multiple cell types during Nonanastomotic stricture (NAS) and endoscopic treatment. A reduction in bile acid metabolism-related SPP1+ epithelial cells and VEGFA+ endothelial cells, along with explosive infiltration of plasma cells and dysfunction of T and NK cells in NAS patients. SPP1+ macrophages and BST2+ T cells might serve as a surrogate marker for predicting endoscopic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Danqing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yanjiao Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zeliang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Gang Heng
- Department of General SurgeryPLA Middle Military Command General HospitalWuhanChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Nengsheng Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Lang Gan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancereatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Leida Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgerySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
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11
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Pan J, Ye F, Li H, Yu C, Mao J, Xiao Y, Chen H, Wu J, Li J, Fei L, Wu Y, Meng X, Guo G, Wang Y. Dissecting the immune discrepancies in mouse liver allograft tolerance and heart/kidney allograft rejection. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13555. [PMID: 37748771 PMCID: PMC10905343 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most tolerogenic of transplanted organs. However, the mechanisms underlying liver transplant tolerance are not well understood. The comparison between liver transplantation tolerance and heart/kidney transplantation rejection will deepen our understanding of tolerance and rejection in solid organs. Here, we built a mouse model of liver, heart and kidney allograft and performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 66,393 cells to describe the cell composition and immune cell interactions at the early stage of tolerance or rejection. We also performed bulk RNA-seq of mouse liver allografts from Day 7 to Day 60 post-transplantation to map the dynamic transcriptional variation in spontaneous tolerance. The transcriptome of lymphocytes and myeloid cells were characterized and compared in three types of organ allografts. Cell-cell interaction networks reveal the coordinated function of Kupffer cells, macrophages and their associated metabolic processes, including insulin receptor signalling and oxidative phosphorylation in tolerance induction. Cd11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) in liver allografts were found to inhibit cytotoxic T cells by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines such as Il10. In summary, we profiled single-cell transcriptome analysis of mouse solid organ allografts. We characterized the immune microenvironment of mouse organ allografts in the acute rejection state (heart, kidney) and tolerance state (liver).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fang Ye
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiajia Mao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Haide Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junqing Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lijiang Fei
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yijun Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of PharmacyAnhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti‐inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of EducationHefeiChina
| | - Guoji Guo
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineDr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yingying Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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12
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Tian X, Zheng W, Zuo H, Zhang X, Song H. Ferrostatin-1 improves prognosis and regulates gut microbiota of steatotic liver transplantation recipients in rats. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:413-429. [PMID: 38305222 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the effects of Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) on improving the prognosis of liver transplant recipients with steatotic liver grafts and regulating gut microbiota in rats. Methods: We obtained steatotic liver grafts and established a liver transplantation model. Recipients were divided into sham, liver transplantation and Fer-1 treatment groups, which were assessed 1 and 7 days after surgery (n = 6). Results & conclusion: Fer-1 promotes recovery of the histological structure and function of steatotic liver grafts and the intestinal tract, and improves inflammatory responses of recipients following liver transplantation. Fer-1 reduces gut microbiota pathogenicity, and lowers iron absorption and improves fat metabolism of recipients, thereby protecting steatotic liver grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Huaiwen Zuo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, PR China
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13
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Yang M, Shu W, Zhai X, Yang X, Zhou H, Pan B, Li C, Lu D, Cai J, Zheng S, Jin B, Wei X, Xu X. Integrated multi-omic analysis identifies fatty acid binding protein 4 as a biomarker and therapeutic target of ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic liver transplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:83. [PMID: 38341383 PMCID: PMC10858962 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to a lack of donor grafts, steatotic livers are used more often for liver transplantation (LT). However, steatotic donor livers are more sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and have a worse prognosis after LT. Efforts to optimize steatotic liver grafts by identifying injury targets and interventions have become a hot issue. METHODS Mouse LT models were established, and 4D label-free proteome sequencing was performed for four groups: normal control (NC) SHAM, high-fat (HF) SHAM, NC LT, and HF LT to screen molecular targets for aggravating liver injury in steatotic LT. Expression detection of molecular targets was performed based on liver specimens from 110 donors to verify its impact on the overall survival of recipients. Pharmacological intervention using small-molecule inhibitors on an injury-related target was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to explore the regulatory network and further integrated bioinformatics analysis and multiplex immunofluorescence were adopted to assess the regulation of pathways and organelles. RESULTS HF LT group represented worse liver function compared with NC LT group, including more apoptotic hepatocytes (P < 0.01) and higher serum transaminase (P < 0.05). Proteomic results revealed that the mitochondrial membrane, endocytosis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were upregulated in HF LT group. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was identified as a hypoxia-inducible protein (fold change > 2 and P < 0.05) that sensitized mice to IR injury in steatotic LT. The overall survival of recipients using liver grafts with high expression of FABP4 was significantly worse than low expression of FABP4 (68.5 vs. 87.3%, P < 0.05). Adoption of FABP4 inhibitor could protect the steatotic liver from IR injury during transplantation, including reducing hepatocyte apoptosis, reducing serum transaminase (P < 0.05), and alleviating oxidative stress damage (P < 0.01). According to integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis, cAMP signaling pathway was enriched following FABP4 inhibitor use. The activation of cAMP signaling pathway was validated. Microscopy and immunofluorescence staining results suggested that FABP4 inhibitors could regulate mitochondrial membrane homeostasis in steatotic LT. CONCLUSIONS FABP4 was identified as a hypoxia-inducible protein that sensitized steatotic liver grafts to IR injury. The FABP4 inhibitor, BMS-309403, could activate of cAMP signaling pathway thereby modulating mitochondrial membrane homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress injury in steatotic donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenzhi Shu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Huaxin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Binhua Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Changbiao Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jinzhen Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bin Jin
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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14
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Heo MJ, Suh JH, Poulsen KL, Ju C, Kim KH. Updates on the Immune Cell Basis of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Cells 2023; 46:527-534. [PMID: 37691258 PMCID: PMC10495686 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of organ dysfunction and failure after liver surgeries including organ transplantation. The mechanism of liver IRI is complex and numerous signals are involved but cellular metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress, and inflammation are considered the major contributors to liver IRI. In addition, the activation of inflammatory signals exacerbates liver IRI by recruiting macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and activating NK cells, NKT cells, and cytotoxic T cells. Technological advances enable us to understand the role of specific immune cells during liver IRI. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat liver IRI have been proposed but no definitive and effective therapies exist yet. This review summarizes the current update on the immune cell functions and discusses therapeutic potentials in liver IRI. A better understanding of this complex and highly dynamic process may allow for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches and optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Heo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyle L. Poulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Center for Perioperative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Fang Y, Bian C, Li Z, Jin L, Chen C, Miao Y, Huang H, Zeng Z. ScRNA-seq revealed disruption in CD8 + NKG2A + natural killer T cells in patients after liver transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e990. [PMID: 37773707 PMCID: PMC10524014 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) offers a good survival chance for both the patient in short or long term, but still faces many challenges in the treatment of LT, such as the side effects associated with long-term immunosuppression, which is one of the side effects that occurs in most patients. However, the dynamics of the cellular immune system composition over time during immune tolerance to LT after immunosuppressive therapy are not known. METHODS Using single-cell transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed five peripheral blood samples (one normal individual and four patients who underwent LT and received immunosuppressive therapy for 2 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 7 years, respectively) for immune cell composition and gene expression. RESULTS A total of 17,462 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were acquired from a normal individual without LT and patients who underwent LT and received immunosuppressive therapy for 2 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 7 years, respectively. A total of 24 cell clusters were obtained and categorized into four different cell types based on gene expression characteristics as follows: eight clusters of T cells, two clusters of B cells, two clusters of neutrophils, two clusters of monocytes, natural killer cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells (n = 4), and six other cell clusters. Cell subset analysis, pseudotime analysis, and intercellular communication analysis revealed that the CD8+ NKT cells specifically expressed NKG2A (KLRC1, CD159A), which may be an important cell group for CD8+ NKG2A+ NKT cells in LT, thereby highlighting the heterogeneity and functional diversity in patients who undergo LT. CONCLUSIONS We comprehensively analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from a normal individual and patients who underwent LT and elucidated the mechanism underlying the development of immune tolerance in LT. CD8+ NKT cells specifically expressing KLRC1 play a crucial role in LT, and dynamic monitoring of these cells may provide novel avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of LT-related immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
| | - CongWen Bian
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
| | - ZhiTao Li
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
| | - Li Jin
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
| | - ChuHong Chen
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
| | - YingLei Miao
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesYunnanPR China
| | - HanFei Huang
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- Organ Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanPR China
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16
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Zhong X, Lv M, Ma M, Huang Q, Hu R, Li J, Yi J, Sun J, Zhou X. State of CD8 + T cells in progression from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma: From pathogenesis to immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115131. [PMID: 37429231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as the fastest growing potential cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH has been demonstrated to establish a tumor-prone liver microenvironment where both innate and adaptive immune systems are involved. As the most typical anti-tumor effector, the cell function of CD8+ T cells is remodeled by chronic inflammation, metabolic alteration, lipid toxicity and oxidative stress in the liver microenvironment along the NASH to HCC transition. Unexpectedly, NASH may blunt the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy against HCC due to the dysregulated CD8+ T cells. Growing evidence has supported that NASH is likely to facilitate the state transition of CD8+ T cells with changes in cell motility, effector function, metabolic reprogramming and gene transcription according to single-cell sequencing. However, the mechanistic insight of CD8+ T cell states in the NASH-driven HCC is not comprehensive. Herein, we focus on the characterization of state phenotypes of CD8+ T cells with both functional and metabolic signatures in NASH-driven fibrosis and HCC. The NASH-specific CD8+ T cells are speculated to mainly have a dualist effect, where its aberrant activated phenotype sustains chronic inflammation in NASH but subsequently triggers its exhaustion in HCC. As the exploration of CD8+ T cells on the distribution and phenotypic shifts will provide a new direction for the intervention strategies against HCC, we also discuss the implications for targeting different phenotypes of CD8+ T cells, shedding light on the personalized immunotherapy for NASH-driven HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minling Lv
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - MengQing Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Yi
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Liver Disease, the fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Lu X, Guo H, Wei X, Lu D, Shu W, Song Y, Qiu N, Xu X. Current Status and Prospect of Delivery Vehicle Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Liver Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2873-2890. [PMID: 37283714 PMCID: PMC10239634 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s404925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of the average life expectancy and increasing incidence of obesity, the burden of liver disease is increasing. Liver disease is a serious threat to human health. Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as an alternative therapy for liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver transplantation complications. However, MSCs may have potential tumorigenic effects. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), as the important intercellular communication mode of MSCs, contain various proteins, nucleic acids, and DNA. MSC-Exos can be used as a delivery system to treat liver diseases through immune regulation, apoptosis inhibition, regeneration promotion, drug delivery, and other ways. Good histocompatibility and material exchangeability make MSC-Exos a new treatment for liver diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on MSC-Exos as delivery vehicles in different liver diseases, including liver injury, liver failure, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ischemia and reperfusion injury. In addition, we discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and clinical application prospects of MSC-Exos-based delivery vectors in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Lu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yisu Song
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nasha Qiu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China
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Sheng M, Weng Y, Cao Y, Zhang C, Lin Y, Yu W. Caspase 6/NR4A1/SOX9 signaling axis regulates hepatic inflammation and pyroptosis in ischemia-stressed fatty liver. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:106. [PMID: 36977670 PMCID: PMC10043527 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of nonalcoholic fatty liver susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury has not been fully clarified. Caspase 6 is a critical regulator in innate immunity and host defense. We aimed to characterize the specific role of Caspase 6 in IR-induced inflammatory responses in fatty livers. Human fatty liver samples were harvested from patients undergoing ischemia-related hepatectomy to evaluate Caspase 6 expression. in mice model, we generated Caspase 6-knockout (Caspase 6KO) mice to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of macrophage Caspase 6 in IR-stimulated fatty livers. In human liver biopsies, Caspase 6 expression was upregulated combined with enhanced serum ALT level and severe histopathological injury in ischemic fatty livers. Moreover, Caspase 6 was mainly accumulated in macrophages but not hepatocytes. Unlike in controls, the Caspase 6-deficiency attenuated liver damage and inflammation activation. Activation of macrophage NR4A1 or SOX9 in Caspase 6-deficient livers aggravated liver inflammation. Mechanistically, macrophage NR4A1 co-localized with SOX9 in the nuclear under inflammatory conditions. Specifically, SOX9 acts as a coactivator of NR4A1 to directly target S100A9 transcription. Furthermore, macrophage S100A9 ablation dampened NEK7/NLRP3-driven inflammatory response and pyroptosis in macrophages. In conclusion, our findings identify a novel role of Caspase 6 in regulating NR4A1/SOX9 interaction in response to IR-stimulated fatty liver inflammation, and provide potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of fatty liver IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingli Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanbang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Lin Y, Huang H, Chen L, Chen R, Liu J, Zheng S, Ling Q. Assessing Donor Liver Quality and Restoring Graft Function in the Era of Extended Criteria Donors. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:219-230. [PMID: 36406331 PMCID: PMC9647107 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the final treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease. The increasing donor shortage results in the wide usage of grafts from extended criteria donors across the world. Using such grafts is associated with the elevated incidences of post-transplant complications including initial nonfunction and ischemic biliary tract diseases, which significantly reduce recipient survival. Although several clinical factors have been demonstrated to impact donor liver quality, accurate, comprehensive, and effective assessment systems to guide decision-making for organ usage, restoration or discard are lacking. In addition, the development of biochemical technologies and bioinformatic analysis in recent years helps us better understand graft injury during the perioperative period and find potential ways to restore graft function. Moreover, such advances reveal the molecular profiles of grafts or perfusate that are susceptible to poor graft function and provide insight into finding novel biomarkers for graft quality assessment. Focusing on donors and grafts, we updated potential biomarkers in donor blood, liver tissue, or perfusates that predict graft quality following LT, and summarized strategies for restoring graft function in the era of extended criteria donors. In this review, we also discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these potential biomarkers and offer suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimou Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Engineering and Information Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence to: Qi Ling, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-2381. Tel/Fax: +86-571-87236629, E-mail:
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20
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Liver Organoids, Novel and Promising Modalities for Exploring and Repairing Liver Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:345-357. [PMID: 36199007 PMCID: PMC9534590 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great advances in organoid technology. Liver is the biggest solid organ, performing multifaceted physiological functions. Nowadays, liver organoids have been applied in many fields including pharmaceutical research, precision medicine and disease models. Compared to traditional 2-dimensional cell line cultures and animal models, liver organoids showed the unique advantages. More importantly, liver organoids can well model the features of the liver and tend to be novel and promising modalities for exploring liver injury, thus finding potential treatment targets and repairing liver injury. In this review, we reviewed the history of the development of liver organoids and summarized the application of liver organoids and recent studies using organoids to explore and further repair the liver injury. These novel modalities could provide new insights about the process of liver injury.
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Kong D, Huang S, Miao X, Li J, Wu Z, Shi Y, Liu H, Jiang Y, Yu X, Xie M, Shen Z, Cai J, Xi R, Gong W. The dynamic cellular landscape of grafts with acute rejection after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:160-172. [PMID: 36411190 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a major barrier to the long-term survival of cardiac allografts. Although immune cells are well known to play critical roles in ACR, the dynamic cellular landscape of allografts with ACR remains obscure. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was carried out for mouse cardiac allografts with ACR. Bioinformatic analysis was performed, and subsequent transplant experiments were conducted to validate the findings. RESULTS Despite an overall large depletion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs), highly expanded cytotoxic T lymphocytes and a CXCL10+Gbp2+ subcluster of CFBs were enriched within grafts at the late stage. CXCL10+Gbp2+ CFBs featured strong interferon responsiveness and high expression of chemokines and major histocompatibility complex molecules, implying their involvement in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. Cell‒cell communication analysis revealed that CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 might contribute to regulating CXCL10+Gbp2+ CFB-induced chemotaxis and immune cell recruitment. In vivo transplant studies revealed the therapeutic potential of CXCR3 antagonism in transplant rejection. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study unveiled a novel CFB subcluster that might mediate acute cardiac rejection. Targeting CXCR3 could prolong allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Kong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Miao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zelai Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Shi
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuancong Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyao Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinzhen Cai
- Division of Hepatology, Liver Disease Center, Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruibin Xi
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihua Gong
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Barbetta A, Rocque B, Sarode D, Bartlett JA, Emamaullee J. Revisiting transplant immunology through the lens of single-cell technologies. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:91-109. [PMID: 35980400 PMCID: PMC9386203 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the standard of care for end-stage organ disease. The most frequent complication of SOT involves allograft rejection, which may occur via T cell- and/or antibody-mediated mechanisms. Diagnosis of rejection in the clinical setting requires an invasive biopsy as there are currently no reliable biomarkers to detect rejection episodes. Likewise, it is virtually impossible to identify patients who exhibit operational tolerance and may be candidates for reduced or complete withdrawal of immunosuppression. Emerging single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), imaging mass cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing, represent a new opportunity for deep characterization of pathogenic immune populations involved in both allograft rejection and tolerance in clinical samples. These techniques enable examination of both individual cellular phenotypes and cell-to-cell interactions, ultimately providing new insights into the complex pathophysiology of allograft rejection. However, working with these large, highly dimensional datasets requires expertise in advanced data processing and analysis using computational biology techniques. Machine learning algorithms represent an optimal strategy to analyze and create predictive models using these complex datasets and will likely be essential for future clinical application of patient level results based on single-cell data. Herein, we review the existing literature on single-cell techniques in the context of SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Barbetta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Rocque
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Sarode
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Ascher Bartlett
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliet Emamaullee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Li Z, Huang Z, Luo Y, Yang H, Yang M. DUSP9 alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by restraining both mitogen-activated protein kinase and IKK in an apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-dependent manner. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1811-1821. [PMID: 36789693 PMCID: PMC10157530 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs frequently in various liver operations and diseases, but its effective treatment remains inadequate because the key switch that leads to hepatic explosive inflammation has not been well disclosed. Dual specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP9) is widely involved in the innate immune response of solid organs and is sometimes regulated by ubiquitin. In the present study, we find that DUSP9 is reduced in mouse hepatic I/R injury. DUSP9 enrichment attenuates hepatic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro as revealed by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. In contrast, DUSP9 depletion leads to more severe I/R injury. Mechanistically, DUSP9 inhibits the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by directly binding to ASK1, thereby decreasing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), K63 ubiquitin and the phosphorylation of p38/JNK1 instead of ERK1. The present study documents a novel role of DUSP9 in hepatic I/R injury and implies the potential of targeting the DUSP9/ASK1 axis towards mitogen-activated protein kinase and TRAF6/inhibitor of κB kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtang Li
- College of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Zuotian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor CenterChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing400030China
| | - Yunhai Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016
| | - Hang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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24
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The Value of Single-cell Technologies in Solid Organ Transplantation Studies. Transplantation 2022; 106:2325-2337. [PMID: 35876376 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies open up new opportunities to explore the behavior of cells at the individual level. For solid organ transplantation, single-cell technologies can provide in-depth insights into the underlying mechanisms of the immunological processes involved in alloimmune responses after transplantation by investigating the role of individual cells in tolerance and rejection. Here, we review the value of single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight and single-cell RNA sequencing, in the context of solid organ transplantation research. Various applications of single-cell technologies are addressed, such as the characterization and identification of immune cell subsets involved in rejection or tolerance. In addition, we explore the opportunities for analyzing specific alloreactive T- or B-cell clones by linking phenotype data to T- or B-cell receptor data, and for distinguishing donor- from recipient-derived immune cells. Moreover, we discuss the use of single-cell technologies in biomarker identification and risk stratification, as well as the remaining challenges. Together, this review highlights that single-cell approaches contribute to a better understanding of underlying immunological mechanisms of rejection and tolerance, thereby potentially accelerating the development of new or improved therapies to avoid allograft rejection.
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Cao W, Lu J, Li S, Song F, Xu J. Transcriptomic analysis of graft liver provides insight into the immune response of rat liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947437. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an “immune-privileged organ”, the liver has higher rates of both spontaneous tolerance and operational tolerance after being transplanted compared with other solid organs. Also, a large number of patients still need to take long-term immunosuppression regimens. Liver transplantation (LT) rejection involves varieties of pathophysiological processes and cell types, and a deeper understanding of LT immune response is urgently needed.MethodsHomogenic and allogeneic rat LT models were established, and recipient tissue was collected on postoperative day 7. The degree of LT rejection was evaluated by liver pathological changes and liver function. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The functional properties of DEGs were characterized by the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Reactome pathway analyses. The cells infiltrating the graft and recipient spleen and peripheral blood were evaluated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.ResultA total of 1,465 DEGs were screened, including 1,177 up-regulated genes and 288 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were involved in several immunobiological processes, including T cell activation, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and other immune processes. Reactome results showed that PD-1 signaling was enriched. Further research confirmed that mRNA expression of multiple immune cell markers increased and markers of T cell exhaustion significantly changed. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Treg decreased, and that of PD-1+CD4+ T cells and PD-1+CD8+ T cells increased in the allogeneic group.ConclusionUsing an omic approach, we revealed that the development of LT rejection involved multiple immune cells, activation of various immune pathways, and specific alterations of immune checkpoints, which would benefit risk assessment in the clinic and understanding of pathogenesis regarding LT tolerance. Further clinical validations are warranted for our findings.
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Characterization and Proteomic Analyses of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Mouse Model of Liver Transplant Rejection. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5188584. [PMID: 35993024 PMCID: PMC9391131 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5188584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is an effective strategy for the treatment of end-stage liver disease, but immune rejection remains a significant detriment to the survival and prognosis of these LT patients. While immune rejection is closely related to cytokines, the cytokines investigated within previous studies have been limited and have not included a systematic analysis of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we used a protein chip system and proteomics to detect and analyze serum proinflammatory cytokines and differentially expressed proteins in liver tissue in a mouse model of liver transplantation. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was employed to analyze the proinflammatory cytokines and differential changes in proteins in response to this procedure. With these analyses, we found that serum contents of GC-CSF, CXCL-1, MCP-5, and CXCL-2 were significantly increased after liver transplantation, while IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 were significantly decreased. Results from Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor, Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were enriched in a network associated with the activation of immune response. Results from our proteomic analysis of liver tissue samples revealed that 470 proteins are increased and 50 decreased, including Anxa1, Anxa2, Acsl4, Sirpa, S100a8, and S100a9. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the neutrophil extracellular trap formation, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were all associated with liver transplant rejection in these mice. Bioinformatics analysis results demonstrated that CXCL-1/CXCL-2 and S100a8/S100a9 were the genes most closely related to the functions of neutrophils and the mononuclear phagocyte system. These findings provide new insights into some of the critical factors associated with liver transplant rejection and thus offer new targets for the treatment and prevention of this condition.
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Shen Y, Lian D, Shi K, Gao Y, Hu X, Yu K, Zhao Q, Feng C. Cancer Risk and Mutational Patterns Following Organ Transplantation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956334. [PMID: 35837331 PMCID: PMC9274140 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of medical technology and widespread application of immunosuppressive drugs have improved the success rate of organ transplantation significantly. However, the use of immunosuppressive agents increases the frequency of malignancy greatly. With the prospect of “precision medicine” for tumors and development of next-generation sequencing technology, more attention has been paid to the application of high-throughput sequencing technology in clinical oncology research, which is mainly applied to the early diagnosis of tumors and analysis of tumor-related genes. All generations of cancers carry somatic mutations, meanwhile, significant differences were observed in mutational signatures across tumors. Systematic sequencing of cancer genomes from patients after organ transplantation can reveal DNA damage and repair processes in exposed cancer cells and their precursors. In this review, we summarize the application of high-throughput sequencing and organoids in the field of organ transplantation, the mutational patterns of cancer genomes, and propose a new research strategy for understanding the mechanism of cancer following organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- College of Applied Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, China
- Sanmenxia Polytechnic, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Yu, ; Qian Zhao, ; Chungang Feng,
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Yu, ; Qian Zhao, ; Chungang Feng,
| | - Chungang Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Yu, ; Qian Zhao, ; Chungang Feng,
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Li W, Chang N, Li L. Heterogeneity and Function of Kupffer Cells in Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940867. [PMID: 35833135 PMCID: PMC9271789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are key regulators of liver immunity composing the principal part of hepatic macrophages even body tissue macrophages. They reside in liver sinusoids towards portal vein. The micro-environment shapes KCs unique immunosuppressive features and functions. KCs express specific surface markers that distinguish from other liver macrophages. By engulfing gut-derived foreign products and apoptotic cells without triggering excessive inflammation, KCs maintain homeostasis of liver and body. Heterogeneity of KCs has been identified in different studies. In terms of the origin, adult KCs are derived from progenitors of both embryo and adult bone marrow. Embryo-derived KCs compose the majority of KCs in healthy and maintain by self-renewal. Bone marrow monocytes replenish massively when embryo-derived KC proliferation are impaired. The phenotype of KCs is also beyond the traditional dogma of M1-M2. Functionally, KCs play central roles in pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver injury. They contribute to each pathological stage of liver disease. By initiating inflammation, regulating fibrosis, cirrhosis and tumor cell proliferation, KCs contribute to the resolution of liver injury and restoration of tissue architecture. The underlying mechanism varied by damage factors and pathology. Understanding the characteristics and functions of KCs may provide opportunities for the therapy of liver injury. Herein, we attempt to afford insights on heterogeneity and functions of KCs in liver injury using the existing findings.
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Yang X, Lu D, Wang R, Lian Z, Lin Z, Zhuo J, Chen H, Yang M, Tan W, Yang M, Wei X, Wei Q, Zheng S, Xu X. Single-cell profiling reveals distinct immune phenotypes that contribute to ischaemia-reperfusion injury after steatotic liver transplantation. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13116. [PMID: 34469018 PMCID: PMC8488562 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The discrepancy between supply and demand of organ has led to an increased utilization of steatotic liver for liver transplantation (LT). Hepatic steatosis, however, is a major risk factor for graft failure due to increased susceptibility to ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the plasticity and phenotype of immune cells within the microenvironment of steatotic liver graft at single-cell level, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was carried out on 23 675 cells from transplanted rat livers. Bioinformatic analyses and multiplex immunohistochemistry were performed to assess the functional properties, transcriptional regulation, phenotypic switching and cell-cell interactions of different cell subtypes. RESULTS We have identified 11 different cell types in transplanted livers and found that the highly complex ecosystem was shaped by myeloid-derived cell subsets that transit between different states and interact mutually. Notably, a pro-inflammatory phenotype of Kupffer cells (KCs) with high expression of colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) that was enriched in transplanted steatotic livers was potentially participated in fatty graft injury. We have also detected a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) with highly expressing XCR1 that was correlated with CD8+ T cells, mediating the severer steatotic liver damage by I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide new insight into the mechanisms by which steatosis exacerbates liver damage from I/R injury. Interventions based on these observations create opportunities in attenuating fatty liver graft injury and expanding the donor pool.
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