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Hare M, Conroy K, Georgiadis C, Shaw AM. Abbreviated Dialectical Behavior Therapy Virtual Skills Group for Caregivers of Adolescents: An Exploratory Study of Service User and Clinical Outcomes. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01681-7. [PMID: 38530589 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Prior work emphasizes involving caregivers in youth mental health services. To support youth with emotion dysregulation, dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) includes a multi-family skills group, wherein adolescents and caregivers learn skills together. However, limited work has examined the impact of caregiver involvement within DBT-A. The current study examines outcomes of two caregiver-only DBT-A skills groups adapted for abbreviated telehealth delivery. We report on caregivers' (N = 11, 100% mothers, 55% Hispanic) service user outcomes (e.g. self-efficacy at skill usage, group cohesion, therapeutic alliance) and clinical outcomes (i.e. their own emotion functioning, criticism, responses to their adolescent's negative emotions). Results indicate caregiver-only groups were feasible and acceptable, and suggest preliminary efficacy, including improvements in caregiver emotion functioning, distress during interactions with their adolescents, and adolescent-reported criticism. Caregivers also reported reductions in unsupportive responses with their adolescents. Overall, while we caution interpretation due to a small sample size, findings support the preliminary feasibility and efficacy of modifying caregiver participation in DBT-A to be less time-consuming and administered via telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hare
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kristina Conroy
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Christopher Georgiadis
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ashley M Shaw
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
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Penner-Goeke L, Belows M, Kristjanson A, Andrade BF, Cameron EE, Giuliano R, Katz LY, Kelly LE, Letourneau N, Mota N, Reynolds K, Zalewski M, Pharazyn A, Roos LE. Protocol for a randomized control trial of the Building Regulation in Dual Generations Program (BRIDGE): preventing the intergenerational transmission of mental illness in at-risk preschool children. Trials 2023; 24:597. [PMID: 37726821 PMCID: PMC10507827 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the worldwide prevalence of maternal depression has risen sharply; it is now estimated that one quarter of mothers experience clinically significant depression symptoms. Exposure to maternal depression during early childhood increases the risk for the development of childhood mental illness (MI) in offspring, with altered parenting practices mediating the association between maternal depression and child outcomes. Dual-generation interventions, which aim to simultaneously treat parent and child mental health, show promise for improving outcomes for mothers with depression and their young children. The Building Regulation in Dual Generations (BRIDGE) program combines Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and parenting skills training to concurrently treat maternal depression and improve parenting practices. In pilot within-group studies, BRIDGE has led to large reductions in maternal depression and child MI symptoms. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of BRIDGE in reducing maternal depression and child MI symptoms (primary outcomes) as well as parenting stress and harsh parenting (secondary outcomes). METHODS A three-armed randomized control trial with equal group sizes will be conducted to compare the efficacy of (1) BRIDGE (DBT + parenting skills), (2) DBT skills training, and (3) services-as-usual. Participants (n = 180) will be mothers of 3- to 5-year-old children who report elevated depression symptoms. Those randomized to BRIDGE or DBT skills training will complete a 16-week group therapy intervention. Assessments will be administered at pre-intervention(T1) post-intervention (T2), and 6-month follow-up (T3). DISCUSSION Dual-generation programs offer an innovative approach to prevent the intergenerational transmission of mental illness. The current study will add to the evidence base for BRIDGE by comparing it to a stand-alone mental health intervention and a services-as-usual group. These comparisons will provide valuable information on the relative efficacy of including parenting support in a mental health intervention for parents. The results will contribute to our understanding of how maternal depression affects children's development and how intervening at both a mental health and parenting level may affect child and family outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name of registry: Clinical Trials Protocol Registration and Results System; trial registration number: NCT05959538; date of registry: July 24, 2023; available: https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05959538.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brendan F Andrade
- McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lauren E Kelly
- Depts of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leslie E Roos
- University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Yaacoby-Vakrat R, Pade M, Bar-Shalita T. Exploring Co-Regulation-Related Factors in the Mothers of ADHD Children-Proof of Concept Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1286. [PMID: 37628285 PMCID: PMC10453235 DOI: 10.3390/children10081286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurological condition interfering with family relationships and co-regulation capabilities. Therefore, exploring factors underpinning parental co-regulation ability is crucial for future fostering relationships in families of children with ADHD. OBJECTIVE This preliminary study aims to characterize and compare the executive-functions, anxiety, self-efficacy, and sensory modulation in mothers of children with and without ADHD. METHOD Mothers of children with (study group) and without (control-comparison, group) ADHD completed online self-reports, measuring executive-functions; parental self-efficacy; anxiety; and sensory modulation. RESULTS The study group (N = 40) had lower self-efficacy compared to the control group (N = 27; p = 0.018), and the control group had lower sensory responsiveness (p = 0.025). Within both groups the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A) Global Executive Function Composite score (GEC) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were moderately correlated. Further, within the study group correlations were found between the BRIEF-A-GEC and the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire (SRQ)-Aversive scores (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.01), and between the BRIEF-A Behavioral-Rating-Index and the parental self-efficacy scores (r = 0.31, p ≤ 0.05). Within the control group, negative correlations were found between the BRIEF-A-GEC and SRQ-Hedonic scores (r= -0.44, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Self-efficacy, executive-functions, high sensory responsiveness and anxiety traits are interwoven and may impact parental co-regulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tami Bar-Shalita
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel; (R.Y.-V.); (M.P.)
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Shareh H, Yazdanian M. The effectiveness of dialectical behavior group therapy on stress, depression, and cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of intellectually disabled students: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023:13591045231163068. [PMID: 36893401 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231163068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior group therapy (DBGT) regarding stress, depression, and cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of intellectually disabled students. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included 133 mothers with intellectually disabled children divided into wait-list control and experimental groups. Then, DBGT was performed on the treatment subjects. Data collection tools included the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, Clinical Global Improvement Scale, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Working Alliance Inventory-Short Form. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A significant difference in depression, stress, and cognitive emotion regulation was observed between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.001). In the post-test, the adjusted mean of depression and stress in the intervention group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group mothers. Also, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and total cognitive emotion regulation scores increased following DBGT. Participants in DBGT had a good therapeutic relationship, were satisfied with the treatment, and showed notable improvements. CONCLUSION The results indicated that DBGT might affect stress, depression, and cognitive emotion regulation in mothers of intellectually disabled students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shareh
- Department of Educational Science, Faculty of Letters & Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Yazdanian
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Islamic Azad University Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
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Roos LE, Kaminski L, Stienwandt S, Hunter S, Giuliano R, Mota N, Katz LY, Zalewski M. The Building Regulation in Dual-Generations Program (BRIDGE): A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Pilot of a Parenting Program for Depressed Mothers of Preschoolers, Matched with Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:34-50. [PMID: 34347227 PMCID: PMC8335713 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early exposure to maternal depression is a key risk factor for child mental illness (MI), but there are limited programs that interrupt intergenerational transmission. The BRIDGE "Building Regulation in Dual Generations" Program treats maternal MI using Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills with a paired curriculum that promotes non-reactive and emotionally validating parenting designed to improve child mental health and ultimately prevent MI. The pilot feasibility trial (n = 28 dyads) included mothers and their preschool-aged children. The 20-week program was completed in a group-based format using mixed methods questionnaires and interviews. Results indicate high feasibility and acceptability (86% retention). Consistent improvements were seen across program targets and outcomes including maternal depression (d = 1.02) and child mental health (d = 1.08), with clinically significant symptom reductions for 85% of clients. Mothers with higher adversity exhibited greater reductions in parenting stress. Qualitative results highlighted efficacy in promoting positive parent-child relationships, rewarding parenting experiences, competence, and child development. Evidence suggests high feasibility and accessibility for BRIDGE in addressing intergenerational mental health needs. There was strong satisfaction with the program material and efficacy across key outcomes. BRIDGE holds promise for offering a transdiagnostic approach to preventing child MI in families of at-risk preschool aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Lauren Kaminski
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shaelyn Stienwandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Sandra Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ryan Giuliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Natalie Mota
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laurence Y Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Woodfield MJ, Brodd I, Hetrick SE. Time-Out with Young Children: A Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) Practitioner Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:145. [PMID: 35010403 PMCID: PMC8750921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Time-out is a component of many evidence-based parent training programmes for the treatment of childhood conduct problems. Existing comprehensive reviews suggest that time-out is both safe and effective when used predictably, infrequently, calmly and as one component of a collection of parenting strategies-i.e., when utilised in the manner advocated by most parent training programmes. However, this research evidence has been largely oriented towards the academic community and is often in conflict with the widespread misinformation about time-out within communities of parents, and within groups of treatment practitioners. This dissonance has the potential to undermine the dissemination and implementation of an effective suite of treatments for common and disabling childhood conditions. The parent-practitioner relationship is integral to the success of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based treatment which involves live coaching of parent(s) with their young child(ren). Yet this relationship, and practitioner perspectives, attitudes and values as they relate to time-out, are often overlooked. This practitioner review explores the dynamics of the parent-practitioner relationship as they apply to the teaching and coaching of time-out to parents. It also acknowledges factors within the clinical setting that impact on time-out's use, such as the views of administrators and professional colleagues. The paper is oriented toward practitioners of PCIT but is of relevance to all providers of parent training interventions for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Woodfield
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Irene Brodd
- Centre for Children, Families and Communities, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA;
| | - Sarah E. Hetrick
- The Werry Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Flujas-Contreras JM, García-Palacios A, Gómez I. Effectiveness of a Web-Based Intervention on Parental Psychological Flexibility and Emotion Regulation: A Pilot Open Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2958. [PMID: 33805835 PMCID: PMC7998718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
"Parenting Forest" is an informed contextual therapy parenting program for improving parental emotion regulation strategies and psychological flexibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of a self-guided web-based intervention of the Parenting Forest program. The intervention program consists of six self-applied sequential modules that use strategies from contextual therapies for providing a parenting style open to experience, mindful and committed to its actions. A pilot controlled open trial was conducted. Eligible parents (n = 12) enrolled in the web-based intervention completed baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T2) assessment instruments. Parental psychological flexibility, avoidance, emotional regulation, parental stress, satisfaction with life, children's psychological adjustment and client satisfaction were measured to assess the effects of the intervention. Mood, coping, and value-related actions were assessed as measures of progress. The results showed positive effects on the parents' psychological flexibility and emotion regulation. Parents' mood and coping skills improved throughout the intervention program. These results provide preliminary evidence of the web-based Parenting Forest's efficacy, although further research is needed to assess its effectiveness for prevention and in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Flujas-Contreras
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Health Research Centre (CEINSA/UAL), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Department of Psychology, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain;
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CIBERobn, CB06/03 Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gómez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Health Research Centre (CEINSA/UAL), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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