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Jordana-Lluch E, Garcia V, Kingdon ADH, Singh N, Alexander C, Williams P, Hardie KR. A Simple Polymicrobial Biofilm Keratinocyte Colonization Model for Exploring Interactions Between Commensals, Pathogens and Antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32161578 PMCID: PMC7054238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin offers protection against external insults, with the skin microbiota playing a crucial defensive role against pathogens that gain access when the skin barrier is breached. Linkages between skin microbes, biofilms and disease have not been well established although single-species biofilm formation by skin microbiota in vitro has been extensively studied. Consequently, the purpose of this work was to optimize and validate a simple polymicrobial biofilm keratinocyte model for investigating commensal, pathogen and keratinocyte interactions and for evaluating therapeutic agents or health promoting interventions. The model incorporates the commensals (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus) and pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which form robust polymicrobial biofilms on immortalized keratinocytes (HaCat cells). We observed that the commensals reduce the damage caused to the keratinocyte monolayer by either pathogen. When the commensals were combined with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, much thinner biofilms were observed than those formed by the pathogens alone. When P. aeruginosa was inoculated with S. epidermidis in the presence or absence of M. luteus, the commensals formed a layer between the keratinocytes and pathogen. Although S. aureus completely inhibited the growth of M. luteus in dual-species biofilms, inclusion of S. epidermidis in triple or quadruple species biofilms, enabled M. luteus to retain viability. Using this polymicrobial biofilm keratinocyte model, we demonstrate that a quorum sensing (QS) deficient S. aureus agr mutant, in contrast to the parent, failed to damage the keratinocyte monolayer unless supplied with the exogenous cognate autoinducing peptide. In addition, we show that treatment of the polymicrobial keratinocyte model with nanoparticles containing an inhibitor of the PQS QS system reduced biofilm thickness and P. aeruginosa localization in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vanina Garcia
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D H Kingdon
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kim R Hardie
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Sharma D, Sandhya P, Vellarikkal SK, Surin AK, Jayarajan R, Verma A, Kumar A, Ravi R, Danda D, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V. Saliva microbiome in primary Sjögren's syndrome reveals distinct set of disease-associated microbes. Oral Dis 2020; 26:295-301. [PMID: 31514257 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study systematically aims to evaluate the salivary microbiome in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) using 16S rRNA sequencing approach. METHODS DNA isolation and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on saliva of 37 pSS and 35 control (CC) samples on HiSeq 2500 platform. 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed independently using two popular computational pipelines, QIIME and less operational taxonomic units scripts (LoTuS). RESULTS There were no significant changes in the alpha diversity between saliva of patients and controls. However, four genera including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Dialister and Leptotrichia were found to be differential between the two sets, and common between both QIIME and LoTuS analysis pipelines (Fold change of 2 and p < .05). Bifidobacterium, Dialister and Lactobacillus were found to be enriched, while Leptotrichia was significantly depleted in pSS compared to the controls. Exploration of microbial diversity measures (Chao1, observed species and Shannon index) revealed a significant increase in the diversity in patients with renal tubular acidosis. An opposite trend was noted, with depletion of diversity in patients with steroids. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that while no significant changes in the diversity of the salivary microbiome could be observed in Sjögren's syndrome compared to the controls, a set of four genera were significantly and consistently differential in the saliva of patients with pSS. Additionally, a difference in alpha diversity in patients with renal tubular acidosis and those on steroids was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India
| | - Pulukool Sandhya
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Surin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rowmika Ravi
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Debashish Danda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India.,Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India
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Aidoukovitch A, Dahl S, Fält F, Nebel D, Svensson D, Tufvesson E, Nilsson B. Antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 and its pro‐form, hCAP18, in desquamated epithelial cells of human whole saliva. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 128:1-6. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aidoukovitch
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund Sweden
- Folktandvården Skåne Lund Sweden
| | - Sara Dahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Felicia Fält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Daniel Nebel
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institute Solna Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Lund University Lund Sweden
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Carvalhais V, Amado F, Cerveira F, Ferreira R, Vilanova M, Cerca N, Vitorino R. Immunoreactive pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm against human whole saliva. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1228-33. [PMID: 25782040 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is essential to interact with microorganisms in the oral cavity. Therefore, the interest in saliva antimicrobial properties is on the rise. Here, we used an immunoproteomic approach, based on protein separation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms by 2DE, followed by Western-blotting, to compare human serum and saliva reactivity profile. A total of 17 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Serum and saliva presented a distinct pattern of immunoreactive proteins. Our results suggest that saliva seems to have higher propensity to react against S. epidermidis proteins with oxidoreductase activity and proteins involved with L-serine metabolic processes. We show that saliva was a powerful tool for the identification of potential S. epidermidis biofilms proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Carvalhais
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frederico Cerveira
- Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Baixo-Vouga, Avenida Artur Ravara, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,iBiMED - Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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