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Vilasi SM, Nguyen J, Wang CJ, Miao L, Daily K, Eid M, Song JS, Jiang H, Ylaya K, Busam KJ, Gaiser MR, Hewitt SM, Brownell I. ATOH1, TFAP2B, and CEACAM6 as Immunohistochemical Markers to Distinguish Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:788. [PMID: 38398178 PMCID: PMC10886870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) can be histologically similar. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) are commonly used to differentiate MCC from SCLC; however, these markers have limited sensitivity and specificity. To identify new diagnostic markers, we performed differential gene expression analysis on transcriptome data from MCC and SCLC tumors. Candidate markers included atonal BHLH transcription factor 1 (ATOH1) and transcription factor AP-2β (TFAP2B) for MCC, as well as carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) for SCLC. Immunostaining for CK20, TTF-1, and new candidate markers was performed on 43 MCC and 59 SCLC samples. All three MCC markers were sensitive and specific, with CK20 and ATOH1 staining 43/43 (100%) MCC and 0/59 (0%) SCLC cases and TFAP2B staining 40/43 (93%) MCC and 0/59 (0%) SCLC cases. TTF-1 stained 47/59 (80%) SCLC and 1/43 (2%) MCC cases. CEACAM6 stained 49/59 (83%) SCLC and 0/43 (0%) MCC cases. Combining CEACAM6 and TTF-1 increased SCLC detection sensitivity to 93% and specificity to 98%. These data suggest that ATOH1, TFAP2B, and CEACAM6 should be explored as markers to differentiate MCC and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena M. Vilasi
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jannett Nguyen
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wang
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingling Miao
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Daily
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Eid
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kris Ylaya
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus J. Busam
- Dermatopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria R. Gaiser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Yang S, Liu L, Yan Y, Jiang L, Han S, Shen D, Zhang B. CIC-NUTM1 Sarcomas Affecting the Spine: A Subset of CIC-Rearranged Sarcomas Commonly Present in the Axial Skeleton. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 146:735-741. [PMID: 34525172 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0153-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Tumors harboring CIC-NUTM1 fusion are a newly recognized rare sarcoma, but the documented cases are still limited. It is unclear whether it is the same as classic CIC-DUX4 sarcoma in terms of its clinical, pathologic, and behavioral aspects. OBJECTIVE.— To further explore the clinicopathologic characteristics of CIC-NUTM1 sarcoma. DESIGN.— The cases were diagnosed based on immunophenotype, next-generation sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization tests and compared with the reported CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas in the literature. RESULTS.— Three cases of CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas involving the spine in adults were described. They were 2 men and 1 woman, aged 38 to 61 years. Two tumors were located in thoracic vertebrae and 1 in a cervical vertebra. All were locally advanced lesions destroying the bone and soft tissues without spinal cord involvement or metastasis. The tumors were composed of monomorphic small to medium-sized cells with round to epithelioid appearance. The architecture was lobulated and solid with diffuse or multifocal myxoid stroma. Next-generation sequencing revealed an in-frame fusion between CIC (exon 16 or 17) and NUTM1 (exon 5 or 6) in 3 cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed CIC and NUTM1 breaks, and immunohistochemistry showed NUT staining in the nucleus. The patients died of disease 8 to 15 months (mean, 10.7 months) after presentation. Of the CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas reported in the literature along with our cases (n = 11), 8 cases developed in axial bone (5 spine, 3 skull base). CONCLUSIONS.— CIC-NUTM1 sarcomas showed distinct anatomic tropism for the axial skeleton and unfavorable behavior compared with classic CIC sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yang
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Yang, Zhang)
| | - LiLi Liu
- the Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (Liu, Yan, Shen)
| | - Yu Yan
- the Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (Liu, Yan, Shen)
| | - Liang Jiang
- and the Departments of Orthopedics (Jiang) and Radiology (Han), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songbo Han
- and the Departments of Orthopedics (Jiang) and Radiology (Han), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Shen
- the Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China (Liu, Yan, Shen).,Zhang and Shen are co-lead authors of this paper
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Yang, Zhang).,Zhang and Shen are co-lead authors of this paper
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SOX10 Dot-Like Paranuclear Positivity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Report of 2 Cases. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:694-695. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diagnostic accuracy of a panel of immunohistochemical and molecular markers to distinguish Merkel cell carcinoma from other neuroendocrine carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:499-510. [PMID: 30349028 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin mostly induced by Merkel cell polyomavirus integration. Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) positivity is currently used to distinguish Merkel cell carcinomas from other neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, this distinction may be challenging in CK20-negative cases and in cases without a primary skin tumor. The objectives of this study were first to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of previously described markers for the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma and second to validate these markers in the setting of difficult-to-diagnose Merkel cell carcinoma variants. In a preliminary set (n = 30), we assessed optimal immunohistochemical patterns (CK20, thyroid transcription factor 1 [TTF-1], atonal homolog 1 [ATOH1], neurofilament [NF], special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 [SATB2], paired box protein 5, terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase, CD99, mucin 1, and Merkel cell polyomavirus-large T antigen) and Merkel cell polyomavirus load thresholds (real-time PCR). The diagnostic accuracy of each marker was then assessed in a validation set of 103 Merkel cell carcinomas (9 CK20-negative cases and 15 cases without a primary skin tumor) and 70 extracutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma cases. The most discriminant markers for a diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma were SATB2, NF expression, and Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA detection (positive likelihood ratios: 36.6, 44.4, and 28.2, respectively). Regarding Merkel cell carcinoma variants, cases without a primary skin tumor retained a similar immunohistochemical profile and CK20-negative tumors displayed a different profile (decrease frequency of NF and SATB2 expression), but Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA remained detected (78% of cases by qPCR). Moreover, 8/9 (89%) CK20-negative Merkel cell carcinoma cases but only 3/61 (5%) CK20-negative extracutaneous neuroendocrine cases were positive for at least one of these markers. In conclusion, detection of SATB2 and NF expression and Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA helps distinguish between Merkel cell carcinoma classical and variant cases and extracutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas.
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Wong KS, Jo VY. Cytologic diagnosis of round cell sarcomas in the era of ancillary testing: an updated review. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2018; 7:119-132. [PMID: 31043308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Round cell sarcomas constitute a large proportion of "small round blue cell tumors," which encompass a broad differential diagnosis and can be difficult to distinguish on cytomorphologic grounds alone. Numerous pathogenetic insights and advances in ancillary testing in soft tissue pathology over the last several decades have made accurate classification of soft tissue neoplasms increasingly feasible. Immunohistochemistry and genetic/molecular testing can now be performed on all cytologic preparations, including unstained smears, needle rinses, cell blocks, and liquid-based preparations, and this has greatly increased our diagnostic abilities. Nevertheless, there remain numerous diagnostic challenges, including variable sensitivity and specificity of available immunohistochemical markers, overlapping immunophenotypes between entities, and "promiscuity" of genetic alterations such as EWSR1 rearrangements, present in a multitude of tumor types. Herein we provide a review on the cytologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features of the more frequently encountered round cell sarcomas, as well as recently described entities, with an emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls and judicious use of ancillary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine S Wong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vickie Y Jo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Domínguez-Malagón HR, Michal M, Kazakov DV, Caro-Sánchez CH, Lino-Silva LS. Utility of CD99 Paranuclear Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 24:293-296. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896915623361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background. Recent reviews have referred to the paranuclear dot-like staining pattern of CD99 in several neoplasms, including solid pseudopapillary tumors in the pancreas, colonic adenocarcinomas, and colonic adenomas as well as in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The aim of this work was to explore the utility of CD99 paranuclear staining in the differential diagnosis of MCC. Material and Methods. We explore paranuclear dot-like CD99 expression in several small, round blue cell neoplasms, including neuroendocrine neoplasms, Ewing sarcomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (EWS/PNET), melanomas, small cell lung carcinomas (SCC), lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and rhabdomyosarcomas, in comparison with 33 cases of MCC, to determine the specificity of the paranuclear dot-like CD99 expression in MCC. Results. Twenty MCC (60%) demonstrated focal expression of CD99 and of those, 14 (42.4%) showed the characteristic paranuclear dot-like expression. CD99 was also paranuclear positive in 4 of 11 (36%) SCC, in 3 of 7 (43%) EWS/PNET, in 1 of 6 (16%) lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia cases, in 3 of 3 (100%) rhabdomyosarcomas and all melanomas were negative for the CD99 reaction. Conclusion. CD99 paranuclear dot-like expression was not exclusive of the MCC compared with several neoplasms included in its differential diagnosis. This expression is not a great diagnostic aid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Michal
- Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Funakoshi T, Sato T, Hosokawa R, Saito M, Amagai M, Ishiko A, Ohyama M. Application of electron microscopic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for the successful diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. J Dermatol 2015; 42:893-6. [PMID: 25959109 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is often challenging. Immunohistochemical investigation, let alone routine histopathological investigation, may not allow definitive diagnosis in some cases. To overcome such difficulties, more advanced techniques need to be adopted. Herein, we report an extremely rare 56-year-old Japanese female case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (ES), successfully diagnosed by electron microscopy (EM) using formalin-fixed sections and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The patient had a 2-year history of a tumor growing on the leg. In routine histopathology, invasive proliferation of tumor cells was observed in the dermis. Tumor cells were round and uniform with large hyperchromatic nuclei, which were positively stained for CD56, VS38c, Ki-67, MIC2 and vimentin, but not for pan-keratin AE1 + AE3, cytokeratin 20, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase. As these findings were not conclusive to make the final diagnosis, EM specimens were prepared from formalin-fixed sections and subjected to investigation. Cell surface projections and dense core granules were detected, suggestive of either Merkel cell carcinoma or extraskeletal ES. Subsequent FISH analysis identified reciprocal translocation of the ESWR1 gene, enabling the final diagnosis of extraskeletal ES. This study provides useful information enabling the diagnosis of this uncommon soft tissue tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hosokawa
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Saito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiko
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Compton LA, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Neoplasia: An Update. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2015; 2:15-42. [PMID: 27047932 PMCID: PMC4816435 DOI: 10.1159/000377698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of neoplastic skin diseases. In addition to the many established IHC markers currently in use, new markers continue to emerge, although their general acceptance and routine application requires robust validation. Here, we summarize the most well-established and commonly used biomarkers along with an array of newer ones reported in the past several decades that either demonstrate or hold high clinical promise in the field of cutaneous pathology. We also highlight recent applications of novel IHC markers in melanoma diagnosis including genetic mutation status markers [e.g. BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) and NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog)] and an epigenetic alteration marker (e.g. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). We specifically focus on the role of IHC in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions that fall under the following categories: melanoma, epidermal tumors with an intraepidermal epitheliomatous pattern, spindle cell lesions of the dermis, small round blue cell tumors of the dermis, and cutaneous adnexal tumors. While IHC is a valuable tool in diagnostic dermatopathology, marker selection and interpretation must be highly informed by clinical context and the histologic differential diagnosis. With rapid progress in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis, new IHC markers will continue to emerge in the field of diagnostic dermatopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Compton
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
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Zhang W, Zeng T, Chen L. EdgeMarker: Identifying differentially correlated molecule pairs as edge-biomarkers. J Theor Biol 2014; 362:35-43. [PMID: 24931676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker discovery is one of the major topics in translational biomedicine study based on high-throughput biological data analysis. Traditional methods focus on differentially expressed genes (or node-biomarkers) but ignore non-differentials. However, non-differentially expressed genes also play important roles in the biological processes and the rewired interactions / edges among non-differential genes may reveal fundamental difference between variable conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify relevant interactions or gene pairs to elucidate the molecular mechanism of complex biological phenomena, e.g. distinguish different phenotypes. To address this issue, we proposed a new method based on a new vector representation of an edge, EdgeMarker, to (1) identify edge-biomarkers, i.e. the differentially correlated molecular pairs (e.g., gene pairs) with optimal classification ability, and (2) transform the 'node expression' data in node space into the 'edge expression' data in edge space and classify the phenotype of each single sample in edge space, which generally cannot be achieved in traditional methods. Unlike the traditional methods which analyze the node space (i.e. molecular expression space) or higher dimensional space using arbitrary kernel methods, this study provides a mathematical model to explore the edge space (i.e. correlation space) for classification of a single sample. In this work, we show that the identified edge-biomarkers indeed have strong ability in distinguishing normal and disease samples even when all involved genes are not significantly differentially expressed. The analysis of human cholangiocarcinoma dataset and diabetes dataset also suggested that the identified edge-biomarkers may cast new biological insights into the pathogenesis of human complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Úrias U, Marie SKN, Uno M, da Silva R, Evagelinellis MM, Caballero OL, Stevenson BJ, Silva WA, Simpson AJ, Oba-Shinjo SM. CD99 is upregulated in placenta and astrocytomas with a differential subcellular distribution according to the malignancy stage. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:59-70. [PMID: 24797829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we searched for genes highly expressed in placenta and that could contribute to the establishment and maintenance of a malignant phenotype in different types of tumours, and in astrocytomas in particular. We employed a strategy based on the integration of in silico data from previously generated massively parallel signature sequencing and public serial analysis of gene expression databases. Among 12 selected genes, CD99 exhibited the highest relative mRNA expression in GBM compared to non-neoplastic brain tissues. In a larger cohort of astrocytic tumours, we further demonstrated increased CD99 expression in all malignant grades, with GBMs showing the highest values. These findings were confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we demonstrated the CD99 localisation profile in astrocytic tumours. Interestingly, CD99 expression was confined to the cytoplasm or membrane in more malignant astrocytomas, in contrast to non-neoplastic brain tissue or non-infiltrative pilocytic astrocytoma, which showed no obvious staining in these structures. Comparison of three GBM cell lines revealed higher CD99 expression at the membrane and higher migratory capacity in the A172 and U87MG lines, but lower CD99 expression and no migratory ability in the T98 line. Knocking down CD99 expression by siRNA decreased significantly the migration of both cell lines. These integrated CD99 gene and protein expression results suggest that CD99 expression in astrocytomas of different malignant grades might contribute to the infiltrative ability and support the importance of CD99 as a potential target to reduce infiltrative astrocytoma capacity in migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Úrias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
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Merkel cell carcinoma - recent advances in the biology, diagnostics and treatment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:536-46. [PMID: 24811434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon primary cutaneous carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Since recent discovery of MCCs strong association with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), there has been a rapid increase in the understanding of the carcinomas genetics, molecular biology and pathogenesis. In our study, we reviewed recent advances and controversies concerning MCC histogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic and prognostic markers. We analyzed the association of MCPyV with MCC and the possible new targets for therapy. We also examined English-based literature regarding MCC pathogenesis published between 2008 and 2013, which lead to a deeper understanding of the topic. Our study showed that the association of MCPyV strongly influences the course of MCC. Additionally, it has been shown that a immunological response to MCPyV may in the future give hope to identify new therapeutic strategies in treatment of this fatal malignancy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Rare Cancers.
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Handra-Luca A, Abd Elmageed ZY, Gouhier P. CD99 expression in nasal lobular capillary haemangioma. Histopathology 2014; 65:583-5. [PMID: 24702676 DOI: 10.1111/his.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Handra-Luca
- Service d'Anatomie pathologique, APHP GHU Avicenne, Bobigny, France; UFR Médecine, Université Paris Nord Sorbonne Cité, Bobigny, France
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Luzar B, Calonje E. Paranuclear dot-like cytokeratin MNF116 positivity in cutaneous myoepithelioma. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:982-4. [PMID: 24102641 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Luzar
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ishida M, Okabe H. Merkel cell carcinoma concurrent with Bowen's disease: two cases, one with an unusual immunophenotype. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:839-43. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Ishida
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Shiga University of Medical Science; Shiga; Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Okabe
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Shiga University of Medical Science; Shiga; Japan
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