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He M, Liu M, Tao X. A Case of Verruciform Xanthoma of Labia in a Child. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:785-789. [PMID: 38616885 PMCID: PMC11011726 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s432399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, chronic, and benign lesion affecting the skin and mucous membranes. We reported a case of VX in the vulva of a female child. Patients and Methods A 12-year-old female had vulvar lesions for over 10 years without any discomfort. Physical examination revealed red lobulated patches on the left labia majora with a few scales attached to the surface. Histopathological examination indicated excessive and incomplete keratinization, hypertrophic spinous layer hyperplasia, neutrophil infiltration in the epidermis, and foam-like tissue could be seen in the dermal papilla. Lymphocyte-dominated inflammatory cell infiltration was scattered around the blood vessels. Immunohistochemical results showed positive CD68. Results The final diagnosis confirmed the presence of VX. Conclusion Surgical intervention proved successful in achieving favorable outcomes for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua He
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center For Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- The Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center For Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- The Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center For Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Dermatology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- The Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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2
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[Verrucous exophytic tumor of the glans penis]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 74:195-198. [PMID: 36512101 PMCID: PMC9981705 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 59-year-old man presented with a growing tumor on the glans penis, which we excised. Histologically, there was an acanthotic epidermis under which the papillary dermis was filled with foamy macrophages, best seen in a CD 68 stain. Verruciform xanthoma was diagnosed. Knowledge of this benign diagnosis may prevent an overly hasty, aggressive approach, since the differential diagnosis of penile carcinoma requires much more radical therapy, and mutilating penile surgery is associated with considerable psychosexual distress for patients.
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3
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Atzmony L, Ugwu N, Hamilton C, Paller AS, Zech L, Antaya RJ, Choate KA. Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) encompasses a spectrum of inflammatory mosaic disorders. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:903-907. [PMID: 35853659 PMCID: PMC9712156 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a rare skin disease characterized by pruritic erythematous scaly plaques distributed along the lines of Blaschko. Two cases of ILVEN with CARD14 mutations and one case with a GJA1 mutation have been previously reported. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the genetic cause of a cohort of patients diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological evaluation with ILVEN. METHODS We recruited patients diagnosed with ILVEN based on clinical and histopathological criteria. Exome sequencing of affected skin with or without blood/saliva was performed and germline and somatic pathogenic variants were identified. RESULTS Five patients were enrolled. All had skin lesions from birth or early childhood. Two patients developed psoriasis vulgaris after the diagnosis of ILVEN. The first had a germline heterozygous CARD14 mutation and a post-zygotic hotspot mutation in KRT10. The histopathologic evaluation did not show epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. The second had a post-zygotic hotspot mutation in HRAS. Her ILVEN became itchy once psoriasis developed. One patient was re-diagnosed with linear porokeratosis based on a germline mutation in PMVK and a post-zygotic second-hit mutation. Two patients were re-diagnosed with congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defect nevus based on germline NSDHL mutations. CONCLUSION ILVEN is a clinical descriptor for a heterogenous group of mosaic inflammatory disorders. Genetic analysis has the potential to more precisely categorize ILVEN and permits pathogenesis-directed therapies in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Atzmony
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Amy S. Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Loren Zech
- Georgetown University, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard J. Antaya
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keith A. Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Green R, Hunter C, Chia JC. A case of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus successfully treated with Brodalumab. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:757-760. [PMID: 35657009 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a rare type of epidermal nevus, commonly arising in childhood. We present a case of a 13-year-old female with Blaschkoid psoriasiform plaques extending from her left foot to the scalp, sparing the right side of the body. While treatment options historically show variable success, we trialed an IL-17a receptor inhibitor as studies have shown increased levels of IL-17 receptor expression in ILVEN keratinocytes. At both 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation there was found to be significant improvement. We propose brodalumab as an effective treatment option for widespread ILVEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Green
- Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Charlene Hunter
- Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin C Chia
- Division of Dermatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Tan EC, Chia SY, Rafi'ee K, Lee SX, Kwek ABE, Tan SH, Ng VWL, Wei H, Koo S, Koh AL, Koh MJA. A novel NSDHL variant in CHILD syndrome with gastrointestinal manifestations and localized skin involvement. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 10:e1848. [PMID: 34957706 PMCID: PMC8801147 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CHILD syndrome is an X‐linked dominant disorder associated with pathogenic mutations in the NSDHL gene. The condition is predominantly found in females as it is lethal in males. Most cases present at birth with extensive unilateral ichthyosiform erythroderma involving the trunk and limbs. Milder and less extensive presentations have been reported, leading to misdiagnosis especially during early childhood. Methods and Results We report an adult female of Malay ancestry who presented with minimal skin and limb involvement. She was only diagnosed in adulthood when she presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and worsening of skin manifestations. The clinical diagnosis was suspected after a combination of clinical, pathological and immunohistochemistry correlation, and molecularly confirmed with the discovery of a frameshift variant in NSDHL. The novel variant was inherited from her mother who had some linear hypopigmented patches over the medial aspects of both her arms and right forearm. Conclusion We uncovered a novel frameshift variant associated with presentations that cast a new light on the clinical features of CHILD syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ene-Choo Tan
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Yun Chia
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Dermatology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khadijah Rafi'ee
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan Xian Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Boon Eu Kwek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Hwa Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Weng Leong Ng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heming Wei
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephanie Koo
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Koh
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Genetics Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Jean-Aan Koh
- Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Dermatology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Joshi TP, Calame A, Cohen PR. Verruciform Acral-Associated (Vacas) Xanthoma: Case Report and Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e16569. [PMID: 34430171 PMCID: PMC8378300 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Verrucous xanthoma is a benign histiocytic lesion of macrophage derivation. We describe a woman with a non-mucosal verruciform xanthoma located on her right thumb and review the features of patients with verruciform acral-associated xanthoma. A 69-year-old woman presented with a lesion on her right thumb of eight years duration that had been previously treated with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy without resolution. An initial biopsy was consistent with the surface of a callous. A second biopsy demonstrated a verruciform xanthoma. The patient elected to apply lactic acid 12% twice daily and pare the lesion with a pumice stone once weekly; this resulted in flattening of the xanthoma-associated hyperkeratosis. Acral verruciform xanthoma has, albeit rarely, been described on the hands and feet of individuals. Including the patient in this report, six individuals have been reported with verrucous xanthoma on the hands and 12 individuals have been reported with a verrucous xanthoma on the feet. Verruciform xanthoma most commonly occurs on the oral mucosa. Genital lesions are also a frequent site. Acral-distributed verruciform xanthoma is rare; we propose that a verruciform xanthoma that occurs on acral sites be referred to as a verruciform acral-associated (Vacas) xanthoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas P Joshi
- Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Antoanella Calame
- Dermatology/Dermatopathology, Compass Dermatopathology, San Diego, USA.,Dermatology, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, USA
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Dermatology, San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, USA
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7
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Wang G, Mochel MC, Randall MB, Gandhi JS, Udager AM, Chan MP, Patel RM, Amin MB, Osunkoya AO, Smith SC. Genital verruciform xanthoma: lessons from a contemporary multi-institutional series. Histopathology 2020; 77:841-846. [PMID: 32598505 DOI: 10.1111/his.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon lesion, seen in the oral mucosa and rarely occurring at cutaneous genital sites. Reports of exceptional VX presentations dominate the literature; herein, we assess the clinical and histological features of a cohort of routine, consecutive cases. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinicopathological features of genital VXs from four academic centres were reviewed. A cohort of 25 lesions from 24 patients (22 male, two female; median age = 62 years), occurred on the scrotum (84%), penis (8%) and perineum/vulva (8%). VX was never suspected clinically; considerations ranged from fibroepithelial polyps to squamous cell carcinoma. Classic diagnostic criteria were present at least focally in each lesion, including verrucous architecture, prominent wedge-shaped parakeratosis extending between exophytic epidermal projections and neutrophils in the stratum corneum. Xanthomatous cells were present in all cases, but scattered to rare in 24%. CONCLUSIONS Consecutive genital VXs reliably exhibited classic histopathological features, although the essential finding of xanthomatous cells may be scarce. Our comparison to meta-analyses of published cases found relatively fewer penile and vulvar examples. Additionally, the median age was older than in published series, which have emphasised syndromic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wang
- Department of Pathology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mark C Mochel
- Department of Pathology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M Barry Randall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jatin S Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aaron M Udager
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May P Chan
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rajiv M Patel
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Departments of Pathology and Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven C Smith
- Department of Pathology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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8
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Leuthard F, Lehner G, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Welle M. A missense variant in the NSDHL gene in a Chihuahua with a congenital cornification disorder resembling inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi. Anim Genet 2019; 50:768-771. [PMID: 31571289 DOI: 10.1111/age.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects syndrome in humans is a genodermatosis characterized by inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi (ILVEN), often showing a striking lateralization pattern. It is caused by variants in the NSDHL gene encoding a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase involved in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In the present study, we investigated a female Chihuahua, which showed clinical and histological signs of ILVEN. We performed a candidate gene analysis in the affected animal. This analysis revealed a single missense variant in the NSDHL gene in the affected dog (XM_014111859.2:c.700G>A). The variant is predicted to cause a non-conservative amino acid change from glycine to arginine, XP_013967334.1:p.(Gly234Arg). The mutant allele was absent from WGS data of 594 genetically diverse dogs and eight wolves. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variant was heterozygous in the affected dog and absent from 22 control Chihuahuas. Based on the knowledge about the functional impact of NSDHL variants in dogs and other species, c.700G>A is probably pathogenic and a convincing candidate causative variant for the observed skin lesions in the affected Chihuahua.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leuthard
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Lehner
- Kleintierpraxis Lehner Dermatologie, 89290, Buch, Germany
| | - V Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Welle
- DermFocus, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Ko CJ, Atzmony L, Lim Y, McNiff JM, Craiglow BG, Antaya RJ, Choate KA. Review of genodermatoses with characteristic histopathology and potential diagnostic delay. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:756-765. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine J. Ko
- Department of DermatologyYale University Medical School New Haven Connecticut
| | - Lihi Atzmony
- Department of DermatologyYale University Medical School New Haven Connecticut
| | - Young Lim
- Department of DermatologyYale University Medical School New Haven Connecticut
| | - Jennifer M. McNiff
- Department of DermatologyYale University Medical School New Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Richard J. Antaya
- Department of DermatologyYale University Medical School New Haven Connecticut
| | - Keith A. Choate
- Department of DermatologyYale University Medical School New Haven Connecticut
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10
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De Lucia M, Bauer A, Spycher M, Jagannathan V, Romano E, Welle M, Leeb T. Genetic variant in the NSDHL gene in a cat with multiple congenital lesions resembling inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi. Vet Dermatol 2018; 30:64-e18. [PMID: 30474267 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feline counterpart of human inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) has been described; however, the possible underlying developmental defect has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To report a case of multiple ILVEN-like lesions in a cat with a genetic variant in the NSDHL gene. ANIMALS A 2-year-old, female, domestic short hair cat with a history of multiple alopecic, verrucous, hyperpigmented and erythematous skin lesions, following Blaschko's lines on the head, the limbs, the trunk and paw pads. METHODS AND RESULTS According to the clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of multiple ILVEN-like lesions was made. Genetic investigation revealed a heterozygous missense variant in the X-chromosomal NSDHL gene predicted to lead to a loss-of-function of the NSDHL protein. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of feline ILVEN-like lesions in which a genetic cause has been proposed. Future studies to establish a causal relationship between NSDHL variants and skin lesions might lead to pathogenesis-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela De Lucia
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Via Sorio 114/C, 35141, Padova, Italy.,San Marco Veterinary Laboratory, Via Sorio 114/C, 35141, Padova, Italy
| | - Anina Bauer
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melina Spycher
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erica Romano
- Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Piazza di Villa Carpegna 52, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Monika Welle
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 120, 3001, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Garcias-Ladaria J, Cuadrado Rosón M, Pascual-López M. Epidermal Nevi and Related Syndromes — Part 1: Keratinocytic Nevi. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Garcias-Ladaria J, Cuadrado Rosón M, Pascual-López M. Epidermal Nevi and Related Syndromes -- Part 1: Keratinocytic Nevi. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2018; 109:677-686. [PMID: 29983155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal nevi are hamartomatous lesions derived from the epidermis and/or adnexal structures of the skin; they have traditionally been classified according to their morphology. New variants have been described in recent years and advances in genetics have contributed to better characterization of these lesions and an improved understanding of their relationship with certain extracutaneous manifestations. In the first part of this review article, we will look at nevi derived specifically from the epidermis and associated syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garcias-Ladaria
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Manacor, Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España.
| | - M Cuadrado Rosón
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Manacor, Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
| | - M Pascual-López
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital de Manacor, Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
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13
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Stiff KM, Cohen PR. Vegas (Verruciform Genital-Associated) Xanthoma: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 7:65-79. [PMID: 27848170 PMCID: PMC5336425 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Verruciform xanthoma is a wart-like benign lesion. The classic histologic appearance consists of foamy histiocytes within elongated dermal papillae and epithelial acanthosis. The lesion most commonly occurs in the oral cavity, but has been reported in extra-oral sites such as the penis, scrotum, and vulva. The clinical and histologic characteristics of verruciform genital-associated (Vegas) xanthomas of the penis, scrotum, and vulva are reviewed. Methods PubMed was used to search the following term: verruciform xanthoma. The relevant papers were obtained and reviewed. Results There have been 193 cases of genital-associated verruciform xanthomas. There were 164 in men and 29 in women. Similar to verruciform xanthomas of the oral mucosa, they presented as asymptomatic lesions, demonstrated foam cells in the dermal papillae, and were typically managed successfully with surgical excision. Conclusion Verruciform xanthoma is a benign lesion characterized by a wart-like growth that is most commonly seen in the oral mucosa. Verruciform xanthomas of the genital region have been coined Vegas xanthomas. Vegas xanthomas have been reported in association with a variety of diseases, as well as in healthy individuals. Biopsy is required for diagnosis, and complete surgical excision is typically curative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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