1
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Burgos R, Cardona AF, Santoyo N, Ruiz-Patiño A, Cure-Casilimas J, Rojas L, Ricaurte L, Muñoz Á, Garcia-Robledo JE, Ordoñez C, Sotelo C, Rodríguez J, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Pineda D, Arrieta O. Case Report: Differential Genomics and Evolution of a Meningeal Melanoma Treated With Ipilimumab and Nivolumab. Front Oncol 2022; 11:691017. [PMID: 35070950 PMCID: PMC8766339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS are extremely rare conditions, encompassing different disease processes including meningeal melanoma and meningeal melanocytosis. Its incidence range between 3-5%, with approximately 0.005 cases per 100,000 people. Tumor biological behavior is commonly aggressive, with poor prognosis and very low survivability, and a high recurrence rate, even after disease remission with multimodal treatments. Specific genetic alterations involving gene transcription, alternative splicing, RNA translation, and cell proliferation are usually seen, affecting genes like BRAF, TERT, GNAQ, SF3B1, and EIF1AX. Here we present an interesting case of a 59-year-old male presenting with neurologic symptoms and a further confirmed diagnosis of primary meningeal melanoma. Multiple therapy lines were used, including radiosurgery, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. The patient developed two relapses and an evolving genetic makeup that confirmed the disease’s clonal origin. We also provide a review of the literature on the genetic basis of primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remberto Burgos
- Neurosurgery Department, Clínica del Country/Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Santoyo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Leonardo Rojas
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Clinical Oncology Department, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Ricaurte
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,Direction of Research and Education, Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Muñoz
- Radiotherapy Department, Carlos Ardila Lulle Institute of Cancer (ICCAL), Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Camila Ordoñez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Sotelo
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - July Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC), Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Diego Pineda
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Personalized Oncology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute (INCan), México City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Radiology Department, Clinica del County/Resonancia Magnética de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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2
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Zhao J, Jia Y, Shen S, Kim J, Wang X, Lee E, Brownell I, Cho-Vega JH, Lewis C, Homsi J, Sharma RR, Wang RC. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small T Antigen Activates Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling to Promote Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1623-1637. [PMID: 32753470 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple human polyomaviruses (HPyV) can infect the skin, but only Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has been implicated in the development of a cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). While expression of HPyV6, HPyV7, and MCPyV small T antigens (sT), all induced a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), MCPyV sT uniquely activated noncanonical NF-κB (ncNF-κB), instead of canonical NF-κB signaling, to evade p53-mediated cellular senescence. Through its large T stabilization domain, MCPyV sT activated ncNF-κB signaling both by inducing H3K4 trimethylation-mediated increases of NFKB2 and RELB transcription and also by promoting NFKB2 stabilization and activation through FBXW7 inhibition. Noncanonical NF-κB signaling was required for SASP cytokine secretion, which promoted the proliferation of MCPyV sT-expressing cells through autocrine signaling. Virus-positive MCC cell lines and tumors showed ncNF-κB pathway activation and SASP gene expression, and the inhibition of ncNF-κB signaling prevented VP-MCC cell growth in vitro and in xenografts. We identify MCPyV sT-induced ncNF-κB signaling as an essential tumorigenic pathway in MCC. IMPLICATIONS: This work is the first to identify the activation of ncNF-κB signaling by any polyomavirus and its critical role in MCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shunli Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xun Wang
- Children's Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Eunice Lee
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Cutaneous Development and Carcinogenesis Section, NIAMS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeong Hee Cho-Vega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jade Homsi
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rohit R Sharma
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Richard C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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3
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Fernandes SG, Dsouza R, Pandya G, Kirtonia A, Tergaonkar V, Lee SY, Garg M, Khattar E. Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1901. [PMID: 32674474 PMCID: PMC7409176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short. Telomere shortening can be overcome by telomerase enzyme activity that is undetectable in somatic cells, while being active in germline cells, stem cells, and immune cells. Telomeres are bound by a shelterin complex that regulates telomere lengthening as well as protects them from being identified as DNA damage sites. Telomeres are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and generate a long noncoding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which plays a key role in regulating subtelomeric gene expression. Replicative immortality and genome instability are hallmarks of cancer and to attain them cancer cells exploit telomere maintenance and telomere protection mechanisms. Thus, understanding the role of telomeres and their associated proteins in cancer initiation, progression and treatment is very important. The present review highlights the critical role of various telomeric components with recently established functions in cancer. Further, current strategies to target various telomeric components including human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as a therapeutic approach in human malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Rebecca Dsouza
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sook Y. Lee
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
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4
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Prasad R, Pal D, Mohammad W. Therapeutic Targets in Telomerase and Telomere Biology of Cancers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:135-146. [PMID: 32226245 PMCID: PMC7093628 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres play an important role to conserve genomic integrity by protecting the ends of chromosomes in normal cells. Since, their progressive shortening during successive cell division which lead to chromosomal instability. Notably, telomere length is perpetuated by telomerase in large majority of cancers, thereby ensure indefinite cell proliferation-a hallmark of cancer-and this unique feature has provided telomerase as the preferred target for drug development in cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells have acquired the potential to have telomere length maintenance by telomerase activation- up-regulation of hTERT gene expression in tumor cells is synchronized by multiple genetic and epigenetic modification mechanisms viz hTERT structural variants, hTERT promoter mutation and epigenetic modifications through hTERT promoter methylation which have been implicated in various cancers initiation and progression. In view of these facts, strategies have been made to target the underlining molecular mechanisms involved in telomerase reactivation as well as of telomere structure with special reference to distortion of sheltrin proteins. This review is focussed on extensive understanding of telomere and telomerase biology. which will provide indispensable informations for enhancing the efficiency of rational anticancer drug design. However, there is also an urgent need for better understanding of cell signalling pathways for alternative lengthening of telomere which is present in telomerase negative cancer for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, MM Institute of Medical Science and Research, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Deeksha Pal
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Wajid Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry, MM Institute of Medical Science and Research, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
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5
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Zhao X, Little P, Hoyle AP, Pegna GJ, Hayward MC, Ivanova A, Parker JS, Marron DL, Soloway MG, Jo H, Salazar AH, Papakonstantinou MP, Bouchard DM, Jefferys SR, Hoadley KA, Ollila DW, Frank JS, Thomas NE, Googe PB, Ezzell AJ, Collichio FA, Lee CB, Earp HS, Sharpless NE, Hugo W, Wilmott JS, Quek C, Waddell N, Johansson PA, Thompson JF, Hayward NK, Mann GJ, Lo RS, Johnson DB, Scolyer RA, Hayes DN, Moschos SJ. The Prognostic Significance of Low-Frequency Somatic Mutations in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2019; 8:584. [PMID: 30662871 PMCID: PMC6329304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the prognostic significance of somatically mutated genes in metastatic melanoma (MM). We have employed a combined clinical and bioinformatics approach on tumor samples from cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) to identify mutated genes with potential clinical relevance. Methods: After limiting our DNA sequencing analysis to MM samples (n = 356) and to the CANCER CENSUS gene list, we filtered out mutations with low functional significance (snpEFF). We performed Cox analysis on 53 genes that were mutated in ≥3% of samples, and had ≥50% difference in incidence of mutations in deceased subjects versus alive subjects. Results: Four genes were potentially prognostic [RAC1, FGFR1, CARD11, CIITA; false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.2]. We identified 18 additional genes (e.g., SPEN, PDGFRB, GNAS, MAP2K1, EGFR, TSC2) that were less likely to have prognostic value (FDR < 0.4). Most somatic mutations in these 22 genes were infrequent (< 10%), associated with high somatic mutation burden, and were evenly distributed across all exons, except for RAC1 and MAP2K1. Mutations in only 9 of these 22 genes were also identified by RNA sequencing in >75% of the samples that exhibited corresponding DNA mutations. The low frequency, UV signature type and RNA expression of the 22 genes in MM samples were confirmed in a separate multi-institution validation cohort (n = 413). An underpowered analysis within a subset of this validation cohort with available patient follow-up (n = 224) showed that somatic mutations in SPEN and RAC1 reached borderline prognostic significance [log-rank favorable (p = 0.09) and adverse (p = 0.07), respectively]. Somatic mutations in SPEN, and to a lesser extent RAC1, were not associated with definite gene copy number or RNA expression alterations. High (>2+) nuclear plus cytoplasmic expression intensity for SPEN was associated with longer melanoma-specific overall survival (OS) compared to lower (≤ 2+) nuclear intensity (p = 0.048). We conclude that expressed somatic mutations in infrequently mutated genes beyond the well-characterized ones (e.g., BRAF, RAS, CDKN2A, PTEN, TP53), such as RAC1 and SPEN, may have prognostic significance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paul Little
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alan P. Hoyle
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Guillaume J. Pegna
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michele C. Hayward
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David L. Marron
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew G. Soloway
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ashley H. Salazar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael P. Papakonstantinou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Deeanna M. Bouchard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stuart R. Jefferys
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Katherine A. Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David W. Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jill S. Frank
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancy E. Thomas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paul B. Googe
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ashley J. Ezzell
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Histology Research Core Facility, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Frances A. Collichio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Carrie B. Lee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Norman E. Sharpless
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James S. Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Camelia Quek
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research-QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter A. Johansson
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research-QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - John F. Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas K. Hayward
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research-QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham J. Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S. Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research-QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stergios J. Moschos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Melanoma Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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6
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Ferreira MSV, Crysandt M, Braunschweig T, Jost E, Voss B, Bouillon AS, Knuechel R, Brümmendorf TH, Beier F. Presence of TERT Promoter Mutations is a Secondary Event and Associates with Elongated Telomere Length in Myxoid Liposarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020608. [PMID: 29463038 PMCID: PMC5855830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of TERT promoter mutations has been well described in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). However, the biological role of these mutations as well as their impact on telomere length in STS is still unclear. We analyzed 116 patient samples diagnosed with 22 distinct histological subtypes of bone and STS for the occurrence of TERT promoter mutations by Sanger sequencing. We observed TERT promoter mutations at an overall frequency of 9.5% distributed over 7 different sarcoma subtypes. Except for one chondrosarcoma case harboring a C250T mutation, all other mutations were detected at location C228T. By far the far highest frequency of TERT promoter mutations was found in myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) (4 out of 9 cases studied, i.e., 44%). Assessment of telomere length from tumor biopsies revealed that TERT promoter-mutated MLSs had significantly fewer shortened telomeres in comparison to TERT wildtype MLSs. Based on the frequency of TERT promoter mutations and the elongated telomere length in mutated compared to wildtype MLS, we hypothesize that occurrence of TERT promoter mutations has a pivotal role in the disease progression as a secondary genetic event at a time when tumor cells face the need for telomere elongation to allow further proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Edgar Jost
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Voss
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anne-Sophie Bouillon
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ruth Knuechel
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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7
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Liao W, Xiang W, Wang FF, Wang R, Ding Y. Curcumin inhibited growth of human melanoma A375 cells via inciting oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1177-1186. [PMID: 28926928 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol compound, possesses potent pharmacological properties in preventing cancers, which make it as a potential anti-cancer mediator. However, it is still unknown that whether Curcumin induced melanoma A375 cell was associated with oxidative stress. Here, we firstly found a fascinating result that Curcumin could reduce the proliferation and induced apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells. Meanwhile, IC50 of Curcumin on A375 cells is 80μM at 48h. In addition, Curcumin caused oxidative stress through inducing further ROS burst, decreasing GSH, and wrecking mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), which were reversed by ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Moreover, MMP disruption led to the release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria and subsequently led to intracellular apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that ROS-dependent HIF-1α and its downstream proteins also play an important role on Curcumin induced apoptosis. In conclusion, our results shed new lights on the therapy of melanoma that Curcumin may be a promising candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570102, China; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Department of Dermatological, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatological, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, 15 LongKun-Nan Road, Haikou 570206, China.
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8
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Cancer-Specific Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) Promoter Mutations: Biological and Clinical Implications. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7070038. [PMID: 27438857 PMCID: PMC4962008 DOI: 10.3390/genes7070038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulated evidence has pointed to a key role of telomerase in carcinogenesis. As a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, telomerase synthesizes telomeric DNA at the end of linear chromosomes, and attenuates or prevents telomere erosion associated with cell divisions. By lengthening telomeres, telomerase extends cellular life-span or even induces immortalization. Consistent with its functional activity, telomerase is silent in most human normal somatic cells while active only in germ-line, stem and other highly proliferative cells. In contrast, telomerase activation widely occurs in human cancer and the enzymatic activity is detectable in up to 90% of malignancies. Recently, hotspot point mutations in the regulatory region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, encoding the core catalytic component of telomerase, was identified as a novel mechanism to activate telomerase in cancer. This review discusses the cancer-specific TERT promoter mutations and potential biological and clinical significances.
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Gandolfi G, Dallaglio K, Longo C, Moscarella E, Lallas A, Alfano R, Argenziano G, Ciarrocchi A. Contemporary and potential future molecular diagnosis of melanoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:975-85. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1206473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - K. Dallaglio
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - C. Longo
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - E. Moscarella
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A. Lallas
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - R. Alfano
- Surgery and Emergency Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Argenziano
- Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Bell RJA, Rube HT, Xavier-Magalhães A, Costa BM, Mancini A, Song JS, Costello JF. Understanding TERT Promoter Mutations: A Common Path to Immortality. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:315-23. [PMID: 26941407 PMCID: PMC4852159 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase (TERT) activation is a fundamental step in tumorigenesis. By maintaining telomere length, telomerase relieves a main barrier on cellular lifespan, enabling limitless proliferation driven by oncogenes. The recently discovered, highly recurrent mutations in the promoter of TERT are found in over 50 cancer types, and are the most common mutation in many cancers. Transcriptional activation of TERT, via promoter mutation or other mechanisms, is the rate-limiting step in production of active telomerase. Although TERT is expressed in stem cells, it is naturally silenced upon differentiation. Thus, the presence of TERT promoter mutations may shed light on whether a particular tumor arose from a stem cell or more differentiated cell type. It is becoming clear that TERT mutations occur early during cellular transformation, and activate the TERT promoter by recruiting transcription factors that do not normally regulate TERT gene expression. This review highlights the fundamental and widespread role of TERT promoter mutations in tumorigenesis, including recent progress on their mechanism of transcriptional activation. These somatic promoter mutations, along with germline variation in the TERT locus also appear to have significant value as biomarkers of patient outcome. Understanding the precise molecular mechanism of TERT activation by promoter mutation and germline variation may inspire novel cancer cell-specific targeted therapies for a large number of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J A Bell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - H Tomas Rube
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrew Mancini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun S Song
- Departments of Bioengineering and Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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