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Goto K, Kukita Y, Hishima T, Matsushita S, Tsuyuki T, Makihara K, Koga K, Mukumoto S, Honma K. Primary Cutaneous NUT Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and Genetic Study of 4 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:942-952. [PMID: 38708710 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
WHO Classification of Skin Tumors, fifth edition (2023) has newly described primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma; however, information on this cancer type remains scarce. Herein, we performed clinicopathologic and genetic analyses of 4 cases. Four elderly women (median age 77 y, range: 68 to 82 y) were included. The median tumor size was 12.5 (10 to 40 mm). Tumors were located on the scalp, temple, thigh, and palm. Two (50%) patients presented with regional lymph node metastases. Neither distant metastasis nor mortality was observed during patient follow-up of 10.5 (3 to 15) months. Sanger, panel DNA and whole-exome RNA sequencing revealed BRD3::NUTM1 (n=2) and BRD4::NUTM1 (n=2) fusions. Histology of BRD3 -rearranged tumors revealed an epidermal connection, relatively small tumor nests, and ductal or intracytoplasmic luminal formation, whereas that of BRD4 -rearranged tumors revealed large solid nests comprising discohesive tumor cells. NUT, cytokeratins, p63, EMA, TRPS1, c-MYB, CD56, and INSM1 were immunoexpressed to varying degrees in all (100%) tumors. Furthermore, diffuse SOX10 expression was common (3/4, 75%). The literature review of five previously described cases revealed women predominance, no recurrence, frequent BRD3::NUTM1 fusions, and histology of ductoglandular structures. Our study findings and literature suggest elderly women predominance, relatively frequent BRD3::NUTM1 fusions, histopathologic ductoglandular differentiation, absence of abrupt keratinisation, and a characteristic immunoprofile in primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma, unlike in that of other organ. No distant metastasis or disease-associated mortality was seen in all cases with limited follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital
- Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital
| | - Shigeto Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima
| | - Takuji Tsuyuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kainan Hospital, Yatomi
| | - Kosuke Makihara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Kitakyushu
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka
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2
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Goto K, Oishi T, Yoshikawa S. Carcinoid-Like Cell Arrangements in Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Study of 11 Cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1466-1472. [PMID: 36843540 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231157781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Background. Carcinoid-like pattern in basal cell carcinoma is extremely rare and has only been documented in a textbook. The aim of this study is to reveal the characteristics of the carcinoid-like pattern in basal cell carcinoma as well as to establish the concept of the tumor pattern. Methods. Of 355 basal cell carcinoma cases (355 lesions of 308 patients), 11 tumors with histopathological features of carcinoid-like pattern were retrieved. Results. The patients included 5 males and 6 females with a median age of 73 years (range 38-86 years). Of the 11 lesions, 10 were observed on the head. Histopathologically, a carcinoid-like pattern with branching and anastomosing of trabecular structures was observed in 30% to 95% of the tumor area. No differentiation to sebocytes was observed in any of the tumors. The tumors were well-circumscribed, although 3 lesions contained an infiltrative-type component as well. The carcinoid-like pattern areas in all 11 lesions exhibited diffuse BerEP4 immunoexpression but no KIT, synaptophysin, or vimentin expression. Keratin 20-positive Merkel cells were not observed in the tumor areas. Conclusions. Basal cell carcinoma can show a carcinoid-like pattern cell arrangement. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings from our study, we collectively conclude that the carcinoid-like pattern in basal cell carcinoma does not seem to represent sebaceous mantle differentiation. Carcinoid-like pattern basal cell carcinoma can be distinguished from other tumors by the favorite site of the head, the co-existence of conventional basal cell carcinoma components, lack of sebaceous differentiation, and diffuse BerEP4 immunoexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuma Oishi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
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3
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Abdulraheem AM, Naji D, Al Heyasat AN, Alhasan M, Almasri NM, Odeh R. Breast cancer with scalp metastases: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:203. [PMID: 37198611 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, cutaneous metastases are rare in breast cancer. Additionally, scalp involvement in breast cancer metastasis is extremely rare. That being said, scalp lesions should always be thoroughly investigated to distinguish metastatic lesions from other neoplasms. CASE PRESENTATION A 47-year-old female Middle-Eastern patient presented with metastatic breast cancer in the lungs, bone, liver, and brain with no signs of multiple organ failure, in addition to cutaneous metastases, including the scalp. Between 2017 and 2022, she was managed through modified radical mastectomy, radiotherapy, and several lines of chemotherapy. She presented in September of 2022 with enlarging scalp nodules, which started developing 2 months prior to her presentation. Physical examination revealed firm, non-tender, and immobile skin lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the head showed soft tissue nodules in different sequences. A punch biopsy was taken from the largest scalp lesion and showed metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. A panel of immunohistochemistry stains was applied, because a single specific marker for differentiating primary cutaneous adnexal tumors or other malignant neoplasms from breast cancer has not yet been identified. The panel showed positive estrogen receptor 95%, progesterone receptor 5%, negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, positive GATA binding protein 3, positive cytokeratin-7, negative P63, and negative KIT (CD117). CONCLUSION Breast cancer metastases to the scalp are extremely uncommon. When a scalp metastasis is present, it might be the only symptomatic sign of disease progression or widespread metastatic lesions. However, such lesions warrant a comprehensive radiologic and pathologic workup to rule out other possibilities of skin pathologies, such as sebaceous skin adenocarcinoma as it effects the management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Abdulraheem
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
- School of Medicine/University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Duha Naji
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
- School of Medicine/University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ammar N Al Heyasat
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
- School of Medicine/Al-Balqa Applied University, Alsalt, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alhasan
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
- School of Medicine/Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nidal M Almasri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Raghad Odeh
- School of Medicine/University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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4
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Goto K, Oka K, Sato M, Honma K, Emanuel PO. Anastomosing squamoid adenoma: clinicopathological analysis of three cases of a novel sweat ductal adnexal tumour with distinctive histopathological features. Pathology 2022; 55:564-568. [PMID: 36720656 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan; Department of Dermato-oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Oka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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The Utility of Myoepithelial Cell Layer Identification in Adnexal Carcinomas. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:155-162. [PMID: 35171883 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The distinction of metastatic carcinomas to the skin (MCS) from cutaneous adnexal carcinomas can pose a significant diagnostic challenge. The differentiation between (MCS) from a primary cutaneous adnexal tumor is one of the most difficult tasks in the field of dermatopathology, and immunohistochemistry has only been partially helpful in solving this problem. In routine diagnostic surgical pathology, it is essential to identify the myoepithelial cell layer by immunohistochemistry to distinguish between an in situ and invasive breast carcinomas and when establishing the presence of microinvasion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of myoepithelial cell layer expression in difficult cases of cutaneous adnexal carcinomas in which histologically it was challenging to separate them from MCS. We studied 38 adnexal carcinomas and evaluated them for myoepithelial markers to confirm the primary nature of the neoplasm. The used markers to search for myoepithelial cell layer retention included calponin, p63, and smooth muscle actin. Of the 38 cases, we found that 13 cases showed myoepithelial layer retention, confirming the primary cutaneous origin of the neoplastic process. The results of our study suggest that the presence of an identifiable retention of the myoepithelial cell layer in adnexal carcinomas could be a useful adjunct observation in the diagnosis of primary adnexal carcinomas, especially in the clinical setting of a questionable primary adnexal versus metastatic neoplasm.
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Mitsui Y, Ogawa K, Koga K, Goto K, Takai T, Anan T, Fukumoto T, Asada H. Trichilemmal cysts with proteinaceous material: A potential diagnostic pitfall. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:515-524. [PMID: 35166386 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysts of the skin are observed frequently and their diagnoses are generally straightforward. However, atypical cystic lesions for which differentiation is indistinct have been noted. METHODS We examined five cases of trichilemmal cyst with proteinaceous material (TCPM), which required differentiation from sweat duct/gland tumors. We investigated the histopathological findings of TCPMs and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin (CK) 10, CK13, CK17, CK19, CD8, and CD117. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the five TCPMs, 10 trichilemmal cysts (TCs), five clear cell hidradenomas, five poroid hidradenomas, and cutaneous normal adnexa. RESULTS Apoptotic cells were present in the cyst wall with a small amount of keratin or calcification in the cavity of TCPMs. The TCPMs and TCs were negative for CK19 and CD117, whereas clear cell hidradenoma and poroid hidradenoma were positive for CK19 and CD117. The restricted positivity for CK10 was detected in the suprabasal layers of the cyst walls of TCPMs and TCs. The immunostaining patterns of TCPMs and TCs were similar to those of normal follicular isthmus. CONCLUSIONS The histopathological findings with characteristics of TCs and a panel of immunohistochemical antibodies including CD117, CK19, and CK10 contributed to a correct diagnosis of TCPM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takai
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Anan
- Sapporo Dermatopathology Institute, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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7
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Ungari M, Tanzi G, Varotti E, Trombatore M, Ferrero G, Gusolfino MD, Manotti L. A case of trichogerminoma: a rare cutaneous follicular neoplasm. Pathologica 2022; 113:449-455. [PMID: 34974551 PMCID: PMC8720394 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichogerminoma, first described by Sau et al. in 1992, is a rare cutaneous adnexal neoplasm of the hair germ cell and usually associated with benign clinical course and favorable outcome. About 30 cases have been reported, all with similar histological features. However, due to a small but potential risk of malignancy, complete excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice. There is still controversy over its inclusion into the spectrum of trichoblastoma. Herein, we report an additional case occurring in the left buttock of a 47-year-old female, presenting with a subcutaneous solitary nodule composed of lobules of basaloid cells, with peripheral palisading and round cell nests or "cell balls" arranged in the central part. The lobules are separated by a fibrous or myxoid stroma. There are no clefts separating the tumor cells and surrounding stroma, but clefts separating stroma by the surrounding adipose tissue can be seen. Typical mitotic figures are frequently present (4-5 per 10 high-power fields). Immunohistochemistry shows the tumor cells are positive for pan-CK (AE1/AE3), CK5/6, p40, GATA 3, whereas they are negative for CK7, CK20, chromogranin A, synaptofisin, androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and calretinin. Staining for CK20, synaptofisin, and chromogranin A detect Merkel cells scattered within the lobules. Ki67 highlights a nuclear proliferative rate of about 20%. Trichogerminoma should be distinguished from other trichogenic tumors made up of basoloid cells or hair follicular differentiation. The mainly differential diagnosis includes trichoblastoma, trichoepitelioma, tricholemmoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Herein, we report a case of trichogerminoma which, unlike the cases previously reported, showed numerous mitotic figures and a higher Ki67 nuclear proliferative rate.
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8
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Goto K, Kukita Y, Honma K, Ohike N, Komori T, Ishida Y, Ishikawa M, Nakatsuka T, Fumita S, Nakagawa K, Okabayashi A, Iwahashi Y, Tanino T, Kikuchi K, Kawahara Y, Hishima T, Uehara J, Oishi T, Isei T. Sweat-gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (SCAND): a clinicopathologic study of 13 cases with genetic analysis. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:33-43. [PMID: 34518631 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (LGNECS) was proposed in 2017 as a new primary cutaneous neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation; however, it is not yet well known due to its rarity. Herein, we perform a detailed clinicopathologic analysis of 13 cases as well as panel DNA sequencing in three cases. The study included 12 males and 1 female with a median age of 71 (43-85) years. All lesions occurred on the ventral trunk. The mean tumor size was 2.2 (0.8-11.0) cm. The histopathology resembled that of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in other organs, but intraepidermal pagetoid spreading was seen in 8 (61.5%) cases and stromal mucin deposits in 4 (30.8%). Immunoreactivity for CK7, CK19, EMA, BerEP4, CEA, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, INSM1, GCDFP15, GATA3, ER, and bcl-2 were present in varying degrees in all tested cases. PTEN c.165-1G>A splice site mutation was detected by panel sequencing in one case, and GATA3 P409fs*99 and SETD2 R1708fs*4 in another case. Lymph node metastasis was seen significantly in cases with tumor size >2.0 cm [8/8 (100%) vs. 1/5 (20%)]. All three cases with size >3.0 cm were in unresectable advanced-stage [3/3 (100%) vs. 1/10 (10%)], and two of the three patients succumbed to the disease. The two cases of death revealed mild nuclear atypia (mitosis: 1/10 HPFs) and moderate nuclear atypia (2/10 HPFs). Thus, tumor size would be a better prognostic factor than nuclear atypia, mitotic count, and Ki67 index, unlike in NETs. These clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features would represent the characteristics as skin adnexal tumors with apocrine/eccrine differentiation rather than NETs; therefore, we rename it as sweat-gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (SCAND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Itabashi Central Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Dermatology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan.
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohike
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Takaya Komori
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misawo Ishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kainan Hospital, Yatomi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Fumita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Saiseikai Tondabayashi Hospital, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Aya Okabayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwahashi
- Department of Human Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tanino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kikuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Obihiro Kosei Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | | | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Uehara
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Oishi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Sunto, Japan
| | - Taiki Isei
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Ramezani M, Masnadjam M, Azizi A, Zavattaro E, Khazaei S, Sadeghi M. Evaluation of expression of c-Kit marker (CD117) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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10
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Re-evaluation of "Polymorphous Sweat Gland Carcinoma". Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 41:695-697. [PMID: 30085958 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Utility of Immunohistochemistry in Distinguishing Primary Adnexal Carcinoma From Metastatic Breast Carcinoma to Skin and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:389-396. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Panse G, McNiff JM, Ko CJ. CD117 expression in adenosquamous carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:905-906. [PMID: 28766737 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Panse
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christine J Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Reappraisal of the Confusing Concept "Trichogerminoma" and the Ill-Defined Finding "Cell Balls": Clinicopathologic Analysis of 6 Cases of Trichogerminoma and Comparison With 2 Cases of Basal Cell Carcinoma With Cell Ball-Like Features. Am J Dermatopathol 2017; 40:543-546. [PMID: 28692461 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Honda A, Funakoshi T, Takahashi M, Kameyama K, Tanese K. A case of rapidly grown giant pilomatricoma: Histological evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis of c-KIT. DERMATOL SIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Panse G, Subtil A. CD117 immunohistochemistry in sarcomatoid porocarcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:596-598. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Panse
- Department of Dermatology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
- Department of Pathology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Antonio Subtil
- Department of Dermatology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
- Department of Pathology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
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16
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Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin (Primary Cutaneous Carcinoid Tumor) as a Distinctive Entity of Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Clinicopathologic Study of 3 Cases With Literature Review. Am J Dermatopathol 2017; 39:250-258. [PMID: 28169866 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is scarcity of information on primary cutaneous low-grade neoplasms commonly known as carcinoid tumors, owing to their rarity. The authors present 3 cases that were named "low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin" (LGNECS). These occurred in the dermis and subcutis of the anterior chest or the inguinal region in the elderly. Histologically, the tumors showed infiltrating proliferation of nests of various sizes, with low-grade neuroendocrine cytologic features but without mucin production. All cases exhibited varying degrees of intraductal tumor components. On immunohistochemical examination, these tumors expressed estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, mammaglobin, and GATA3 as well as neuroendocrine markers. Although a literature review revealed 8 additional possible cases with no evidence of other diseases, it was difficult to determine if these were true cases of LGNECS, because of the limited information available. Based on its characteristic histologic features and immunoprofile, it can be proposed designating LGNECS as a distinct entity among cutaneous neuroendocrine tumors. Otherwise, such tumors could be misdiagnosed as mammary carcinomas (particularly when involving the skin of the breast) or as metastatic visceral neuroendocrine tumors of the skin.
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17
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Ansai SI. Topics in histopathology of sweat gland and sebaceous neoplasms. J Dermatol 2017; 44:315-326. [PMID: 28256768 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews several topics regarding sweat gland and sebaceous neoplasms. First, the clinicopathological characteristics of poroid neoplasms are summarized. It was recently reported that one-fourth of poroid neoplasms are composite tumors and one-fourth are apocrine type lesions. Recent progress in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of sweat gland neoplasms is also reviewed. CD117 can help to distinguish sweat gland or sebaceous tumors from other non-Merkel cell epithelial tumors of the skin. For immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between sweat gland carcinoma (SGC) other than primary cutanesous apocrine carcinoma and skin metastasis of breast carcinoma (SMBC), a panel of antibodies may be useful, including p63 (SGC+ , SMBC- ), CK5/6 (SGC+ , SMBC- ), podoplanin (SGC+ , SMBC- ) and mammaglobin (SGC- , SMBC+ ). Comparison of antibodies used for immunohistochemical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) suggests that adipophilin has the highest sensitivity and specificity. Some authors have found that immunostaining for survivin, androgen receptor and ZEB2/SIP1 has prognostic value for ocular SC, but not extraocular SC. In situ SC is rare, especially extraocular SC, but there have been several recent reports that actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease are the source of invasive SC. Finally, based on recent reports, classification of sebaceous neoplasms into three categories is proposed, which are sebaceoma (a benign neoplasm with well-defined architecture and no atypia), borderline sebaceous neoplasm (low-grade SC; an intermediate tumor with well-defined architecture and nuclear atypia) and SC (a malignant tumor with invasive growth and evident nuclear atypia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Ansai
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki City, Japan
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Evangelista MTP, North JP. MYB, CD117 and SOX-10 expression in cutaneous adnexal tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:444-450. [PMID: 28098399 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated MYB expression has been documented in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), cylindroma, and spiradenoma, but the specificity of this finding is unknown. CD117 and SOX-10 expression also occurs in some cutaneous adnexal tumors. This study assesses MYB, CD117 and SOX-10 expression in cutaneous adnexal tumors. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 184 benign adnexal tumors (140 eccrine/apocrine, 40 follicular and 10 sebaceous), and 30 malignant adnexal tumors was performed with MYB, SOX-10 and CD117 immunostaining. RESULTS In the benign adnexal tumors, 16% (23/140) significantly expressed MYB. MYB expression was limited to cylindromas and to a lesser extent, spiradenomas in the benign cohort. Elevated MYB expression was detected in mucinous carcinoma, endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma and 1 and 4 cases of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) in the malignant cohort. CD117 and SOX-10 had similar overall positivity rates in benign apocrine and eccrine tumors (45% and 68% respectively), and were generally negative in other benign and malignant adnexal tumors. CONCLUSION Expression of MYB appears limited to a small number of cutaneous adnexal tumors, including cylindromas, spiradenomas, ACCs, mucinous carcinoma, endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma and some cases of EMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey P North
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Goto K, Misago N, Sumiya N, Ishikawa Y. Sebaceous mantleoma (mantle adenoma): reappraisal of the myth of the problematic benign neoplasm with sebaceous mantle differentiation. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 43:1050-1055. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kainan Hospital; Aichi Japan
| | | | - Noriyoshi Sumiya
- Department of Plastic Surgery; Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Department of Pathology; Itabashi Central Medical Laboratory; Tokyo Japan
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Expression of C-KIT, CD24, CD44s, and COX2 in benign and non-invasive apocrine lesions of the breast. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:285-95. [PMID: 27287269 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Benign apocrine metaplasia (AM) of the adult breast is a very common, but enigmatic lesion. It has been speculated that AM might be a precursor of malignancy or an indicator of a susceptibility of the breast tissue to develop neoplasia, mainly based on comparing the frequency of AM in breast cancer and non-breast cancer patients [1]. Studies using comparative genomic hybridization have supported this by showing similar molecular alterations in benign and malignant apocrine lesions [2]. Few studies, however, have compared expression of biomarkers involved in tumor progression in AM and progressively more advanced atypical apocrine lesions. The expression of C-KIT, COX2, CD24, and CD44s was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material of 9 AM, 20 apocrine ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN1c-3) and 40 atypical apocrine lesions (not qualifying for DIN1c-3) and compared to expression of the same biomarkers in adjacent normal ductal epithelium. Of the 66 apocrine lesions, 62 (94 %) did not express C-KIT compared to 4/63 (6 %) of the normal glands (Fisher's exact, p < 0.001). COX2 was expressed in a significantly higher proportion of apocrine lesions than of normal glands (49 vs. 14 %, p < 0.001), and the number of apocrine lesions positive for CD24 was found to be higher with increasing aggressiveness of the lesions (Spearman, p < 0.001). In conclusion, benign and non-invasive proliferative apocrine lesions of the breast display immuno-phenotypical characteristics previously ascribed mainly to malignant transformation. This could lend support to the theory that AM is an early step towards malignant transformation, albeit associated with slow progression to carcinoma.
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Meyer N. [What's new in oncodermatology in 2015?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016; 142 Suppl 3:S36-48. [PMID: 26792413 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(16)30005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oncodermatology is the topic of constant innovation since 5 years. These innovations have drammatically modified the prognostic of skin cancers and induced a change in the paradigm that drives the whole oncology. Once again in 2015, melanoma is the key topic of scientific communication, with promising results. However, unmet clinical needs must be kept in light. Some diseases, such as squamous cell carcinoma or cutaneous lymphoma remain poorly evaluated. This article was designed as a review of litterature. All keywords of oncodermatology were searched in the main journals of dermatology, oncology and internal medicine. Despite methodologic restrictions, the number of articles imposed a choice based on opinion. The final goal was to transmit author's enthousiasm and the most important results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Meyer
- Dermatologie, université Paul-Sabatier - Toulouse III et Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 1, rue Irène-Joliot- Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9 ; INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.
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Goto K, Takai T, Fukumoto T, Anan T, Kimura T, Ansai SI, Oshitani Y, Murata Y, Sakuma T, Hirose T. CD117 (KIT) is a useful immunohistochemical marker for differentiating porocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:219-26. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Goto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kainan Hospital; Yatomi Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takai
- Department of Dermatology; Hyogo Cancer Center; Akashi Japan
| | | | - Takashi Anan
- Sapporo Dermatopathology Institute; Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Shin-ichi Ansai
- Division of Dermatology; Musashi Kosugi-Hospital, Nippon Medical School; Kawasaki Japan
| | | | - Yozo Murata
- Department of Dermatology; Hyogo Cancer Center; Akashi Japan
| | - Toshiko Sakuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Hyogo Cancer Center; Akashi Japan
| | - Takanori Hirose
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Hyogo Cancer Center; Akashi Japan
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Ohi Y, Kosuge H, Tanese K. Case of syringomatous carcinoma: Positive immunohistochemical staining of c-KIT and phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. J Dermatol 2015; 42:1191-2. [PMID: 26282337 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ohi
- Department of Dermatology, Hino Municipal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kosuge
- Department of Dermatology, Hino Municipal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanese
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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