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Atci T, Yerlioğlu Ak D, Baykal C. Evaluation of secondary malignancies in a large series of mycosis fungoides. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:370-379. [PMID: 38262820 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased risk of Secondary Malignancies (SMs) in Mycosis Fungoides (MF) has been suggested previously. However, the relationship between this risk and the features of MF is not well-known. OBJECTIVE To investigate the rate and types of SMs in a large cohort of MF patients focusing on the associated features of these patients. METHODS The demographic features, subtype, and stage of MF, as well as the temporal relationship between the diagnosis of MF and the development of SMs were determined. Major clinical features of MF in this group were compared with MF patients without association of SMs. RESULTS Among 730 MF patients with a mean follow-up period of 67.9 ± 52.4 months, 56 SMs were identified in a total of 52 (7.1%) patients. While 28.8% of patients were previously diagnosed with other malignancies, then subsequently had a diagnosis of MF, it was vice versa in 53.8% of patients. Most of the SM-associated MF patients had early-stage (80.7%) and classical type of MF (86.5%) without a significant difference from MF patients without association of SMs; 85.5% and 72.5%, respectively. The most commonly identified SMs were hematologic malignancies (64.3%) including lymphomatoid papulosis (n = 22), Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 5), polycythemia vera (n = 2). Other most commonly associated malignancies were breast cancer (n = 4), prostate cancer (n = 3), renal cell carcinoma (n = 2), melanoma (n = 2), and Kaposi's sarcoma (n = 2). STUDY LIMITATIONS A single tertiary dermatology center study with a retrospective design. CONCLUSION Apart from the well-known lymphomatoid papulosis association, systemic hematological malignancies were also quite common in the large cohort of MF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Atci
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilay Yerlioğlu Ak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Baykal
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abrisqueta P, Nadeu F, Bosch-Schips J, Iacoboni G, Serna A, Cabirta A, Yáñez L, Quintanilla-Martínez L, Bosch F. From genetics to therapy: Unraveling the complexities of Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 120:102619. [PMID: 37660626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Richter transformation (RT) refers to the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the most prevalent leukemia among adults, into a highly aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder, primarily a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This is a severe complication that continues to be a therapeutic challenge and remains an unmet medical need. Over the last five years, significant advances have occurred in uncovering the biological processes leading to the RT, refining criteria for properly diagnose RT from other entities, and exploring new therapeutic options beyond the ineffective chemotherapy. This review summarizes current knowledge in RT, including recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of RT, in the classification of RT, and in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for this grave complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Abrisqueta
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Bosch-Schips
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Iacoboni
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Serna
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alba Cabirta
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Yáñez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martínez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tübingen University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesc Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Haghayeghi K, Patel D, Rice SM, Davis MJ, Hayes CA, Kaur P, Lansigan F, Carter JB, LeBlanc RE. Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma masquerading as leukemia cutis in a patient recently diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma: Clues to the diagnosis. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:1015-1020. [PMID: 35841268 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old man recently diagnosed with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) had waxing and waning, indurated, erythematous plaques on his legs, with leukopenia and anemia disproportionate to the SLL burden in his marrow and pelvic lymph nodes. Punch biopsy of a plaque performed to evaluate for leukemia cutis revealed a lymphocytic lobular-panniculitis-like infiltrate resembling lupus panniculitis, but a preponderance of CD8+/Ki-67+ T-cells surrounding adipocytes raised concern for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Additional immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed that the adipotropic T-cells expressed TCR-gamma, supporting the rare, unexpected diagnosis of Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL). The patient subsequently met diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). PCGDTCL is an aggressive, HLH-associated lymphoma requiring different management than SPTCL and SLL. This case illustrates how PCGDTCL can co-exist with B-cell lymphoma and resemble panniculitis on biopsies. PCGDTCL and SPTCL should enter the differential diagnosis whenever patients present with the constellation of lobular panniculitis and unexplained cytopenias. In the present case, close clinicopathologic correlation and judicious use of IHC on a small sample allowed for a prompt diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Panniculitis/diagnosis
- Panniculitis/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis
- Leukemia/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Haghayeghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dhrumil Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shauna M Rice
- Chan Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christi Ann Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Frederick Lansigan
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joi B Carter
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Robert E LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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