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Li JJX, Tse GM. Immunocytochemical markers, molecular testing and digital cytopathology for aspiration cytology of metastatic breast carcinoma. Cytopathology 2024; 35:218-225. [PMID: 37985397 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a versatile diagnostic procedure uniquely suited for tissue biopsy of breast carcinomas and axillary metastases and/or recurrences. With the expanding treatment options and accompanying theragnostic tests, it is crucial to recognize the developments on ancillary testing and digital cytopathology techniques related to aspiration cytology of metastatic breast carcinoma. In this review, we aim to summarize and update the evidence of immunocytochemistry, for the detection of carcinoma cells (epithelial markers), confirmation of breast primary (breast-specific markers), assessment of surrogate immunostains (hormone receptors, ki-67 proliferative index and HER2) and theragnostic biomarkers, with discussion on potential diagnostic pitfalls, followed by the application of molecular tests, and digital cytopathologic techniques for assessing metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J X Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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2
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Cho H, Park NJY, Ko J, Lee CW, Lee JK, Maeng YI, Go H. Pellino-1 expression is associated with epidermal proliferation and enhanced Th17 cell infiltration in psoriatic lesions. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1476-1484. [PMID: 37291939 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pellino-1 plays a crucial role in cellular proliferation and regulates inflammatory processes. This study investigated Pellino-1 expression patterns and their relationship with CD4+ T-cell subsets in psoriasis patients. Group 1 comprised primarily biopsied psoriasis lesions from 378 patients, multiplex-immunostained for Pellino-1, CD4 and representative T helper (Th) cells (T-bet [Th1], GATA3 [Th2], and RORγt [Th17] and regulatory T cell [FoxP3] markers). Ki-67 labeling was evaluated in the epidermis. Group 2 comprised 43 Pellino-1-positive cases immunostained for Pellino-1 in both lesion and non-lesion skin biopsy samples. Five normal skin biopsies served as controls. Among 378 psoriasis cases, 293 (77.5%) were positive for Pellino-1 in the epidermis. Pellino-1-positivity was higher in psoriasis lesions than in non-lesions and normal skin (52.55% vs. 40.43% vs. 3.48%, p < 0.001; H-score, 72.08 vs. 47.55 vs. 4.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Pellino-1-positive cases also had a significantly higher Ki-67 labeling index (p < 0.001). Epidermal Pellino1-positivity was significantly associated with higher RORγt+ (p = 0.001) and FoxP3+ (p < 0.001) CD4+ T cell ratios but not T-bet+ and GATA3+ CD4+ T cell ratios. Among the CD4+ Pellino-1+ T-cell subsets, the CD4+ Pellino-1+ RORγt+ ratio was significantly associated with epidermal Pellinio-1 expression (p < 0.001). Pellino-1 expression is thus increased in psoriasis lesions and associated with increased epidermal proliferation and CD4+ T-cell subset infiltration, especially Th17 cells. This suggests that Pellino-1 could be a therapeutic target that simultaneously regulates psoriasis epidermal proliferation and immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, Curogen Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, Curogen Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Maeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Schmitt F, Lozano MD. Molecular/biomarker testing in lung cytology: A practical approach. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:59-67. [PMID: 36098379 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing comprehension of molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer and the discovery of targetable genomic alterations has dramatically change the pathological approach to lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This unstoppable knowledge has taken pathologists to the leading front on lung cancer management. This is especially relevant in the world of cytopathology where "doing more with less" is a daily challenge. Nowadays with a growing number of predictive biomarkers needed to manage patients with NSCLC, there has been a paradigm shift in care and handling of diagnostic samples. One of the main emphasis and interest relies on the utilization of cytologic samples and small biopsies for not only diagnostic purposes but also for ancillary testing. Moreover, lung cytopathology is in continuous evolutions with implementation of new diagnostic techniques, new tools, and facing new challenges. The goal of this paper will be to provide the reader with the necessary concepts than can be used to exploit the cytological samples in order to use these samples for comprehensive diagnosis and relevant ancillary testing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Schmitt
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Cintesis@RISE, Health Research Network, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria D Lozano
- Department of Pathology, Clinica University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Troncone G, Roy-Chowdhuri S. Modern Cytopathology: An evolving field. Cytopathology 2021; 32:560-561. [PMID: 34390522 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Troncone
- Dipartimento di Anatomia Patologica e Citopatologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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