S2k‐Leitlinie zur Therapie der Psoriasis bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Kurzfassung Teil 2

Pediatric psoriasis: Understanding pathological conditions and advances in treatment

Psoriasis is a long-lasting skin disease that primarily affects the skin, nails, and joints and is characterized by inflammation. Genetic factors contribute to its development and environmental triggers can worsen symptoms. Pathologically, psoriasis is characterized by uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation, and histological features include acanthosis with inflammatory cell infiltration and neovascularization. Psoriasis often starts in childhood, with about one-third of cases beginning during this time. Its prevalence steadily increases from the ages of 1 to 18 years in a linear fashion. Young people with psoriasis often require treatment throughout their childhood and adolescence, and into adulthood. However, prolonged treatment may increase the risk of complications and adverse events, so it is important to adopt an effective treatment approach that minimizes this risk. In addition, psoriasis is often associated with various comorbidities that may place a great burden on the physical and mental health of the children beyond those due to psoriasis itself. To ensure good long-term health outcomes, individuals with psoriasis should undergo regular screening. Treatment should be provided not only for skin lesions, but also for any comorbidities; however, currently there is not enough evidence on the treatment of pediatric psoriasis and no globally agreed-on guidelines exist for treating psoriasis in children. This article describes the etiology, clinical symptoms, and disease burden of pediatric psoriasis, the pathological conditions and diagnosis of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and generalized pustular psoriasis, and the available treatments for these conditions in Japan.

Patient Characteristics and Treatment Patterns in European Pediatric Patients with Psoriasis: A Real-World, Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction

This study evaluated patient characteristics and treatment patterns according to weight in pediatric patients with psoriasis in a real-world setting.

Methods

Primary care and specialist physicians treating pediatric patients with psoriasis aged 6–17 years in five European countries were surveyed in the 2019–2020 Adelphi Real World Pediatric Psoriasis Disease Specific Programme. At least two patients with current or previous biologic use were included per physician. Patient characteristics and treatment patterns were analyzed overall and for patients weighing 25–50 kg or more than 50 kg.

Results

Data from 772 patients weighing 25–50 kg and 1147 weighing more than 50 kg were analyzed. Median age at diagnosis was significantly less in lighter than heavier patients (10.0 vs. 14.0 years; p < 0.001), as was median disease duration (2.2 vs. 3.0 years; p < 0.001). Topical treatments were prescribed in 59.0% of patients overall (70.3% of lighter and 51.4% of heavier patients; p < 0.001), and were used to treat mild rather than moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Conventional systemic use was low (10.8% of patients overall) and predominantly for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. In this biologic-enriched sample, most biologics (78.2%) were prescribed in older (> 13 years) patients. Biologic use increased with line of therapy (6.6% of first-line, 18.0% of second-line, 33.7% of third-line, 44.7% of fourth-line treatments).

Conclusion

Biologics are predominantly prescribed in older (> 13 years) and heavier (> 50 kg) patients, with little first- or second-line use. The low use of biologics in European pediatric patients with psoriasis may represent an unmet treatment need, as topical or conventional systemic agents remain the main treatment option for moderate or severe psoriasis in these patients through the treatment pathway.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00761-7.

This study looked into types of treatments according to body weight in children with psoriasis, since approved dosing regimens for some treatments are based on body weight. Primary care and specialist physicians treating children with psoriasis aged 6–17 years in five European countries completed a survey. Patient information for those receiving specific types of psoriasis treatments were collected. Of the children included, 772 weighed 25–50 kg and 1147 weighed more than 50 kg. Most children received treatments applied to the skin, such as creams and ointments; this occurred in 70% of lighter patients and in 51% of heavier patients. Conventional treatments taken via the mouth were prescribed in a few patients (11% [overall]), while newer biologic drugs were taken to a greater extent in heavier (30%) than lighter (16%) patients. Most biologics (78%) were prescribed in older (> 13 years) patients. Biologic use increased with the number of failed previous treatments, comprising 7%, 18%, 34%, and 45% of first, second, third, and fourth treatments, respectively. We conclude that children with psoriasis who are treated with biologic drugs are predominantly older and heavier, and have more severe psoriasis. Prescriptions for biologics are given after many other treatments have been tried.

Update on the Management of Pediatric Psoriasis: An Italian Consensus

Introduction

Psoriasis affects children with a considerable burden in early life. Treating pediatric psoriasis is challenging also because of the lack of updated specific guidelines. With the recent approval of several biologics for pediatric psoriasis and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the management of young psoriatic patients is facing major changes. A revision of treatment recommendations is therefore needed.

Methods

In September 2021, a board of six Italian dermatologists convened to update treatment recommendations. The board issued evidence- and consensus-based statements covering relevant areas of pediatric psoriasis, namely: assessment of psoriasis severity, management of children with psoriasis, and treatment of pediatric psoriasis. To reach consensus, the statements were submitted to a panel of 24 experts in a Delphi process performed entirely via videoconference. A treatment algorithm was produced.

Results

There was full consensus that psoriasis severity is determined by the extension/severity of skin lesions, site of lesions, and impact on patient quality of life. Agreement was reached on the need for a multidisciplinary approach to pediatric psoriasis and the importance of patient/parents education. The relevance of vaccinations, including COVID-19 vaccination, for psoriatic children was acknowledged by all participants. Management issues that initially failed to reach consensus included the screening for psoriasis comorbidities and early treatment with biologics to prevent them and the use of telemedicine to facilitate patient follow-up. There was full consensus that topical corticosteroids are the first choice for the treatment of mild pediatric psoriasis, while phototherapy and systemic therapy are used in children with moderate-severe psoriasis. According to the proposed treatment algorithm, biologics are the first line of systemic therapy.

Conclusions

Targeted systemic therapies are changing the treatment of moderate-severe pediatric psoriasis, while topical corticosteroids continue to be the first choice for mild disease. Children-centered research is needed to further improve the treatment of pediatric psoriasis.

[Regional variations in healthcare for patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in Germany]

BACKGROUND

Psoriasis (Pso) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic skin diseases that result in significant physical and psychological impairment, financial burden, and loss of quality of life. According to previous data, there are regional differences in healthcare.

OBJECTIVES

The aim was to analyse the epidemiology as well as the treatment of insured people with Pso and AD in Germany in a regional comparison.

METHODS

Data of the insurance company Techniker Krankenkasse for the year 2019 regarding treatment prevalences as well as drug prescriptions on the regional level for all physicians were examined.

RESULTS

In 2019 the overall prevalence of Pso was 2.5% (about 2 million insured people in Germany) and AD was 4.2% (about 3.6 million insured people). In Pso, new guideline-compliant drugs were frequently utilised, yet systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) were still disproportionally prescribed. Regionally, there were pronounced disparities with higher prescription rates of the new drugs in the north and east. Insured people with AD most frequently received topical GCS (approx. 88%), of which most were class III (66%), and significantly less frequently calcineurin inhibitors (< 10%), which also conform to guidelines. Systemically, GCS were by far most commonly used (about 25% of all insured people with drug prescriptions). Dupilumab, the only long-term drug approved in 2019, was very rarely prescribed, accounting for less than 1%. Again, large regional differences similar to Pso were found.

CONCLUSION

Pso and AD show relevant disparities and gaps in drug care in the regional comparison despite uniform national guidelines and patient needs. The barriers to appropriate modern pharmaceuticals need to be clarified and mitigated.

Management of Paediatric Psoriasis by Paediatricians: A Questionnaire-Based Survey

INTRODUCTION

Paediatric plaque psoriasis (PedPso) in children and adolescents is often diagnosed and treated for the first time by paediatricians. An early onset of psoriasis is associated with a genetic family burden, higher severity of disease and increased risk of comorbidities, sometimes starting in childhood. However, little information is available on prevalence data and the clinical management of PedPso by paediatricians.

METHODS

A total of 191 questionnaires were sent out to paediatricians regarding their management of PedPso, with a focus on prevalence, diagnosis, initiation of therapies, screening for comorbidities and collaboration with dermatologists. Of these, 95 (49.7%) were returned and evaluated anonymously.

RESULTS

Only about one-half of the responding paediatricians reported being certain in their diagnosis of PedPso, even though they regularly see moderate-to-severely affected patients. The questionnaire revealed that there are clear differences in the general management of PedPso if the paediatrician is not certain of the diagnosis of psoriasis. Compared to paediatricians certain of their diagnosis, those who are uncertain less frequently perform whole-body inspection, screen for relevant comorbidities, such as psoriasis arthritis, metabolic syndrome or mental disorders, and prescribe the use of topical or systemic therapies. No responding paediatrician reported the use of modern systemic therapies, such as biologicals, even in severely affected children. The majority of respondents rated their cooperation with dermatologists as good.

CONCLUSION

The certainty of the diagnosis, the use of system therapies and the screening for comorbidity could improve the care of PedPso through targeted training of paediatricians and intensified interdisciplinary cooperation with dermatologist.