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Candido K, Bouchard S, Hansen-Barkun C, Huang DC, Chatterjee A, Menard C, Miller C, Sandha G, Donnellan F, Telford J, Desilets E, Forbes N, Roy A, Calo N, Gan I, Lam E, Pleskow D, Chen Kiow JL, Sarker A, Cadieux-Genesse E, Jain A, Louis F, Bilal M, Sene PM, Fairclough J, Reuangrith J, Benmassaoud A, Geraci O, Martel M, Chen YI. Aspirin exposure and its association with metal stent patency in malignant distal biliary obstruction: a large international multicenter propensity score-matched study. Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 99:557-565. [PMID: 37951281 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stent dysfunction is common after ERCP with self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) insertion for malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). Chronic aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) exposure has been previously shown to potentially decrease this risk. We aim to further ascertain the protective effect of ASA and to identify other predictors of stent dysfunction. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted at 9 sites in Canada and 1 in the United States. Patients with MDBO who underwent ERCP with SEMS placement between January 2014 and December 2019 were included and divided into 2 cohorts: ASA exposed (ASA-E) and ASA unexposed (ASA-U). Propensity-score matching (PSM) was performed to limit selection bias. Matched variables were age, sex, tumor stage, and type of metal stent. The primary outcome was the hazard rate of stent dysfunction. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of stent dysfunction. RESULTS Of 1396 patients assessed, after PSM 496 patients were analyzed (248 ASA-E and 248 ASA-U). ERCP with SEMS placement was associated with a high clinical success of 82.2% in ASA-E and 81.2% in ASA-U cohorts (P = .80). One hundred eighty-four patients had stent dysfunction with a mean stent patency time of 229.9 ± 306.2 days and 245.4 ± 241.4 days in ASA-E and ASA-U groups, respectively (P = .52). On multivariable analysis, ASA exposure did not protect against stent dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], .96-1.63). An etiology of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15-1.61) predicted stent dysfunction, whereas cancer therapy was protective (HR, .73; 95% CI, .55-.96). Chronic ASA use was not associated with an increased risk for adverse events including bleeding, post-ERCP pancreatitis, and perforation. CONCLUSIONS In this large, multicenter study using PSM, chronic exposure to ASA did not protect against stent dysfunction in MDBO. Instead, the analysis revealed that the etiology of pancreatic cancer was an independent predictor of stent dysfunction and cancer therapy was protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Candido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Bouchard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Hansen-Barkun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Providence Health Care, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dora C Huang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avijit Chatterjee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Menard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corey Miller
- Digestive Disease Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurpal Sandha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fergal Donnellan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Telford
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Providence Health Care, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Etienne Desilets
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nauzer Forbes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Peter Lougheed Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre Roy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalia Calo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Gan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Lam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Providence Health Care, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Douglas Pleskow
- Digestive Disease Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy Liu Chen Kiow
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avi Sarker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Cadieux-Genesse
- Division of Gastroenterology, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avni Jain
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Louis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Digestive Disease Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pape-Mamadou Sene
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jehovan Fairclough
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Reuangrith
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amine Benmassaoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Geraci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Martel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yen-I Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Chandan S, Desai A, Dahiya DS, Ramai D, Mohan BP, Facciorusso A, Adler DG, Kochhar GS. Risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding with antiplatelet and anticoagulant use: a propensity-matched analysis of the U.S. Collaborative Network. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 97:1129-1136.e3. [PMID: 36731579 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS GI bleeding after ERCP is a serious adverse event and most commonly occurs after endoscopic biliary and/or pancreatic sphincterotomy. Although the strength of available evidence for post-sphincterotomy GI bleeding risk is high for therapeutic warfarin and heparin, it remains unknown for antiplatelet agents like clopidogrel and prasugrel. We conducted a retrospective United States-based, propensity-matched cohort study to assess the risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant (AC) and antiplatelet (APT) therapy. METHODS We analyzed the U.S. Collaborative Network in the TriNetX platform through December 27, 2022, to include patients receiving APT and AC therapy who underwent ERCP within 7 days of hospitalization. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed. The primary outcome was the incidence of GI bleeding within 7 days of sphincterotomy. Secondary outcomes included need for blood transfusion, intensive care unit care, and all-cause mortality within 30 days of bleeding. RESULTS Overall, 2806 patients (1806 in the AC cohort and 1000 in the APT cohort) underwent ERCP with sphincterotomy. One-to-one propensity score matching was performed for age, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, gender, race, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, nicotine dependence, presence and severity of chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, and thrombocytopenia between the cohorts. Patients in both cohorts had an increased risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding compared with matched control subjects (adjusted odds ratios of 3.6 [95% confidence interval, 2.58-5.06] and 2.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.43-3.56], respectively). Although heparin bridging therapy and concurrent use of aspirin did not further increase the risk of GI bleeding, resumption of AC within 24 hours' postprocedure did. Neither cohort of patients was at an increased risk for blood transfusion, intensive care unit care, or all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our database analysis shows that patients receiving AC and APT therapy are at a higher risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding compared with matched control subjects. An appropriate drug cessation period or alternative biliary decompression modalities may be used in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Aakash Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dushyant S Dahiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, Michigan, USA
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Babu P Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Douglas G Adler
- Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy (CATE), Centura Health, Porter Adventist Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Gursimran S Kochhar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Uğurlu ET. Our experiences in 1000 case single-centre endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. J Minim Access Surg 2023; 19:85-94. [PMID: 36722534 PMCID: PMC10034792 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_389_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has a very important role in both diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary pathologies. The aim of this study was to review the indications, technical success complications and results of ERCP procedures performed in our centre. Materials and Methods In the study, the data of 1000 patients who were diagnosed with extrahepatic cholestasis, obstructive cholangitis/pancreatitis or bile leakage in clinical, medical and radiological data and who underwent ERCP between May 2019 and November 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Results The age distribution was between 14 and 109 years, and the average age was 57.97 years for women (14-109) and 57.48 for men (19-95). Gender distribution was as follows: 552 (55.2%) women and 448 (44.8%) men. ERCP indications in this study were as follows: choledocholithiasis, malignant bile duct obstruction, odysphincter dysfunction (ODS), post-operative bile leakage, hepatic hydatid cyst rupture into the biliary tract and bile duct stenosis. Eight hundred and seventy-one (87.1%) patients had common bile duct stones, 30 (3%) pancreatic head tumour, 22 (2.2%) common bile duct tumour and 20 (2%) cholestasis due to papilla tumour and/or obstructive icterus. Twenty-two (2.2%) patients were treated for sphincter dysfunction (ODS) of Oddi. ERCP was performed in 12 (1.2%) patients with the diagnosis of bile leakage after liver hydatid surgery, 10 (1%) after gall bladder surgery and 8 (0.8%) with the diagnosis of biliary tract stenosis after gall bladder surgery. ERCP was performed in 5 (0.5%) patients due to biliary tract obstruction as a result of rupture of hydatid liver cyst into the biliary tract. Successful cannulation was achieved in 1000 patients listed. Ninety-seven patients who were included in the ERCP procedure but could not be cannulated were not included in the study. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed on all patients in the ERCP procedure. In patients with choledochal stones, stone extraction from the common bile duct and/or plastic stent placement in the common bile duct was added. Plastic stent was placed in the common bile duct in patients with pancreatic head tumour, common bile duct tumour, bile duct leakage and common choledochal stenosis. Endoscopic biopsy was taken from all patients with suspected papillary tumour. The processing time varied between 15 and 90 min. The overall complication rate was 17.4%. After ERCP, 93 patients developed amylasaemia that did not require treatment, while 50 patients were diagnosed with clinical and laboratory acute pancreatitis. Intraoperative bleeding, which did not require blood transfusion and could be controlled with adrenaline injection and/or balloon pressure, developed in 10 patients. In one patient, basket and stone were stuck in the papilla during stone extraction. There was no operative mortality. Conclusion ERCP is a complex procedure that uses special equipment and must be performed by experienced specialists. To increase the reliability of the ERCP procedure, it is necessary to determine the risk factors for ERCP complications very well. Unnecessary ERCP should be avoided. ERCP should not be performed, especially in patients with low probability of stone or stricture, patients with normal bilirubin and patients who do not show other signs of biliary disease. The use of non-invasive imaging methods as much as possible instead of diagnostic ERCP will reduce the complications associated with ERCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esat Taylan Uğurlu
- Department of General Surgery, Health Sciences University Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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4
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Mukai S, Itoi T, Tsuchiya T, Ishii K, Tanaka R, Tonozuka R, Sofuni A. Urgent and emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for gallstone-induced acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:47-57. [PMID: 35702927 DOI: 10.1111/den.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Urgent or emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is indicated for gallstone-induced acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. The technique and optimal timing of ERCP depend on the disease state, its severity, anatomy, patient background, and the institutional situation. Endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage within 24 h is recommended for moderate to severe acute cholangitis. The clinical outcomes of biliary drainage with nasobiliary drainage tube placement and plastic stent placement are comparable, and the choice is made on a case-by-case basis considering the advantages and disadvantages of each. The addition of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is basically not necessary when performing drainage alone, but single-session stone removal following EST is acceptable in mild to moderate cholangitis cases without antithrombotic therapy or coagulopathy. For gallstone pancreatitis, early ERCP/EST are recommended in cases with impacted gallstones in the papilla. In some cases of gallstone pancreatitis, a gallstone impacted in the papilla has already spontaneously passed into the duodenum, and early ERCP/EST lacks efficacy in such cases, with unfavorable findings of cholangitis or cholestasis. If it is difficult to diagnose the presence of gallstones impacted in the papilla on imaging, endoscopic ultrasonography can be useful in determining the indication for ERCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tonozuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sofuni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Antiplatelet Monotherapy Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Bleeding After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4161-4169. [PMID: 34796411 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines recommend continuing antiplatelet monotherapy with aspirin and, in certain situations, other antiplatelet agents in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy. AIMS Given the scant evidence supporting this recommendation, our primary objective was to determine if the risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding was increased in patients on antiplatelet monotherapy. METHODS We performed a systematic search of Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing ERCP and sphincterotomy on antiplatelet monotherapy with the comparator of no antithrombotic therapy. Our primary outcome was post-sphincterotomy bleeding. Methodological quality was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis with random-effects model was performed. RESULTS The search identified 4676 unique citations, with six cohort studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Post-sphincterotomy bleeding was increased in patients on antiplatelet monotherapy: OR = 1.53 (95% CI 1.03-2.28) without substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). The number needed to harm (the number of patients who would have to receive antiplatelet monotherapy for one additional patient to have a post-sphincterotomy bleeding episode) was 185(95% CI 80-2272). All included studies had methodological shortcomings. CONCLUSION Antiplatelet monotherapy was associated with a modestly increased risk of post-sphincterotomy bleeding in our systematic review and meta-analysis. More high-quality studies are needed to improve certainty regarding the estimated effect size. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020153019.
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Bhurwal A, Mutneja H, Goel A, Bansal V, Patel A, Brahmbhatt B, Sarkar A. No Significant Difference in Post-ERCP Bleeding Rates Between Dual Antiplatelet Agents and Aspirin Alone: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:546-551. [PMID: 34028396 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several professional society guidelines suggest holding antiplatelet agents before high-risk procedures. However, there is lack of high-grade evidence to support the recommendation as most of the studies have been single center with small sample sizes. We aimed to perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus aspirin alone in terms of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding. METHODS Three independent reviewers performed a comprehensive review of all original articles published from inception to May 2020, evaluating the post-ERCP bleeding rate in setting of DAPT. Primary outcomes were the overall post-ERCP bleeding rate with the use of dual antiplatelet therapy; comparison of post-ERCP bleeding rate in patients with DAPT versus aspirin alone. Secondary outcomes were comparison of immediate and delayed post-ERCP bleeding outcomes in the 2 cohorts. RESULTS Six studies were included after a thorough search was concluded using the key words. The pooled analysis of studies revealed an overall post-ERCP bleeding rate of 5.7% (95% confidence interval: 3-10.6) on sustained DAPT. Post-ERCP bleeding in DAPT Cohort was not significantly higher as compared with aspirin only Cohort (odds ratio: 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.46-2.81). The immediate bleeding and delayed bleeding rates cannot be generalized due to low number of studies. CONCLUSIONS The first systematic review and meta-analysis showed that post-ERCP bleeding rates are not significantly higher in DAPT cohort as compared with aspirin alone. Therefore, the risk of bleeding is less likely related to the antiplatelet agents and more likely related to the procedure itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhurwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Hemant Mutneja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, John H. Stroger Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Akshay Goel
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anish Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Bhaumik Brahmbhatt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Avik Sarkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ
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7
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Huang G, Tian FY, An W, Ai LS, Yu YB. Effects of antithrombotic therapy on bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open 2022; 10:E865-E873. [PMID: 35692927 PMCID: PMC9187383 DOI: 10.1055/a-1793-9479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Bleeding is a common complication of following endoscopy sphincterotomy (EST), and antithrombotic therapy use during the procedure often increases risk of it. Although several guidelines have been released regarding the use of antithrombotic agents during EST, many issues about it remain controversial. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of antithrombotic medication on the risk of EST bleeding. Methods A structured literature search was carried out in Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis to investigate the rate of post-EST bleeding. Results Seven retrospective articles were included. Compared with patients who had never taken antithrombotic drugs, patients who discontinued antithrombotic drugs 1 day before the procedure had a significantly increased risk of post-EST bleeding (OR, 1.95; 95 %CI, 1.57-2.43), particularly for severe bleeding (OR, 1.83; 95 %CI, 1.44-2.34). In addition, compared with patients who discontinued antithrombotic therapy for at least 1 day, patients who continued taking antithrombotic drugs did have an increased risk of post-EST bleeding (OR, 0.70; 95 %CI, 0.40-1.23). Conclusions The use of antithrombotic drugs may increase the bleeding rate of EST, but discontinuing therapy 1 day before endoscopy does not significantly reduce the bleeding rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yu Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Wen An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Li-Si Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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8
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Veitch AM, Radaelli F, Alikhan R, Dumonceau JM, Eaton D, Jerrome J, Lester W, Nylander D, Thoufeeq M, Vanbiervliet G, Wilkinson JR, Van Hooft JE. Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline update. Gut 2021; 70:1611-1628. [PMID: 34362780 PMCID: PMC8355884 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is a collaboration between the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), and is a scheduled update of their 2016 guideline on endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. The guideline development committee included representatives from the British Society of Haematology, the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, and two patient representatives from the charities Anticoagulation UK and Thrombosis UK, as well as gastroenterologists. The process conformed to AGREE II principles and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were derived using GRADE methodology. Prior to submission for publication, consultation was made with all member societies of ESGE, including BSG. Evidence-based revisions have been made to the risk categories for endoscopic procedures, and to the categories for risks of thrombosis. In particular a more detailed risk analysis for atrial fibrillation has been employed, and the recommendations for direct oral anticoagulants have been strengthened in light of trial data published since the previous version. A section has been added on the management of patients presenting with acute GI haemorrhage. Important patient considerations are highlighted. Recommendations are based on the risk balance between thrombosis and haemorrhage in given situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Veitch
- Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Raza Alikhan
- Haematology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Will Lester
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Nylander
- Gastroenterology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mo Thoufeeq
- Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - James R Wilkinson
- Interventional Cardiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeanin E Van Hooft
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Veitch AM, Radaelli F, Alikhan R, Dumonceau JM, Eaton D, Jerrome J, Lester W, Nylander D, Thoufeeq M, Vanbiervliet G, Wilkinson JR, van Hooft JE. Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline update. Endoscopy 2021; 53:947-969. [PMID: 34359080 PMCID: PMC8390296 DOI: 10.1055/a-1547-2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This is a collaboration between the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), and is a scheduled update of their 2016 guideline on endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. The guideline development committee included representatives from the British Society of Haematology, the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, and two patient representatives from the charities Anticoagulation UK and Thrombosis UK, as well as gastroenterologists. The process conformed to AGREE II principles, and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were derived using GRADE methodology. Prior to submission for publication, consultation was made with all member societies of ESGE, including BSG. Evidence-based revisions have been made to the risk categories for endoscopic procedures, and to the categories for risks of thrombosis. In particular a more detailed risk analysis for atrial fibrillation has been employed, and the recommendations for direct oral anticoagulants have been strengthened in light of trial data published since the previous version. A section has been added on the management of patients presenting with acute GI haemorrhage. Important patient considerations are highlighted. Recommendations are based on the risk balance between thrombosis and haemorrhage in given situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Veitch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Raza Alikhan
- Department of Haematology Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Dumonceau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Charleroi University Hospitals, Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | | | - Will Lester
- Department of Haematology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham,
| | - David Nylander
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Newcastle-upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
| | - Mo Thoufeeq
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | | | - James R. Wilkinson
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanin E. van Hooft
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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10
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Lim H, Gong EJ, Min BH, Kang SJ, Shin CM, Byeon JS, Choi M, Park CG, Cho JY, Lee ST, Kim HG, Chun HJ. [Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 76:282-296. [PMID: 33361705 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are increasingly used in South Korea. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents and requiring gastrointestinal endoscopy is an important clinical challenge. Although clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of patients receiving antithrombotic agents and undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy have been developed in the Unites States, Europe, and Asia Pacific region, it is uncertain whether these guidelines can be adopted in South Korea. After reviewing current CPGs, we identified unmet needs and recognized significant discrepancies in the clinical practice among regions. This is the first CPG in Korea providing information that may assist endoscopists in the management of patients on antithrombotic agents who require diagnostic or elective therapeutic endoscopy. This guideline was developed through the adaptation process as an evidence-based method, with four guidelines retrieved by systematic review. Eligible guidelines were evaluated according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II process, and 13 statements were established using a grading system. This guideline was reviewed by external experts before an official. It will be revised as necessary to cover changes in technology, evidence, or other aspects of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miyoung Choi
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Guk Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cha University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jeonbuk National Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho Gak Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Lim H, Gong EJ, Min BH, Kang SJ, Shin CM, Byeon JS, Choi M, Park CG, Cho JY, Lee ST, Kim HG, Chun HJ. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Antithrombotic Agents in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Clin Endosc 2020; 53:663-677. [PMID: 33242928 PMCID: PMC7719428 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2020.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, are increasingly used in South Korea. The management of patients using antithrombotic agents and requiring gastrointestinal endoscopy is an important clinical challenge. Although clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of patients receiving antithrombotic agents and undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy have been developed in the Unites States, Europe, and Asia Pacific region, it is uncertain whether these guidelines can be adopted in South Korea. After reviewing current CPGs, we identified unmet needs and recognized significant discrepancies in the clinical practice among regions. This is the first CPG in Korea providing information that may assist endoscopists in the management of patients on antithrombotic agents who require diagnostic or elective therapeutic endoscopy. This guideline was developed through the adaptation process as an evidence-based method, with four guidelines retrieved by systematic review. Eligible guidelines were evaluated according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II process, and 13 statements were established using a grading system. This guideline was reviewed by external experts before an official. It will be revised as necessary to cover changes in technology, evidence, or other aspects of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miyoung Choi
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Guk Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cha University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jeonbuk National Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho Gak Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Maida M, Sferrazza S, Maida C, Morreale GC, Vitello A, Longo G, Garofalo V, Sinagra E. Management of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy in endoscopy: A review of literature. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 12:172-192. [PMID: 32843928 PMCID: PMC7415229 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic procedures hold a basal risk of bleeding that depends on the type of procedure and patients’ comorbidities. Moreover, they are often performed in patients taking antiplatelet and anticoagulants agents, increasing the potential risk of intraprocedural and delayed bleeding. Even if the interruption of antithrombotic therapies is undoubtful effective in reducing the risk of bleeding, the thromboembolic risk that follows their suspension should not be underestimated. Therefore, it is fundamental for each endoscopist to be aware of the bleeding risk for every procedure, in order to measure the risk-benefit ratio for each patient. Moreover, knowledge of the proper management of antithrombotic agents before endoscopy, as well as the adequate timing for their resumption is essential.
This review aims to analyze current evidence from literature assessing, for each procedure, the basal risk of bleeding and the risk of bleeding in patients taking antithrombotic therapy, as well as to review the recommendation of American society for gastrointestinal endoscopy, European society of gastrointestinal endoscopy, British society of gastroenterology, Asian pacific association of gastroenterology and Asian pacific society for digestive endoscopy guidelines for the management of antithrombotic agents in urgent and elective endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Sandro Sferrazza
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo 93100, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Vitello
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Cardiology Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Istituto San Raffaele Giglio, Cefalù 90015, Italy
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13
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Combined lithotripsy of mechanical clamping and electrohydraulics in facilitating endoscopic management of refractory residual biliary calculi after surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2604. [PMID: 32054869 PMCID: PMC7018823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although postoperative cholangioscopy (POC) guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) is considered to be a conventional technique for residual biliary calculi, its efficacy still needs to be improved to fit in the managemet of refractory calculi. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined lithotripsy of mechanical clamping and electrohydraulics in fragmentation and removal of refractory calculi. Totally, 281 patients, who suffered from residual biliary calculi after hepatectomy and underwnet POC from August 2016 to June 2018 were involved. The first 128 patients were subjected to conventional EHL, and later consective 153 to combined lithotripsyof mechanical clamping and EHL. Perioperative data, technical information, treatment outcomes and follow-up results were collected. Clinical characteristics were statistically comparable (P > 0.05). The overall POC interventional sessions (2.0 ± 0.65 vs. 2.9 ± 1.21 sessions), average operating time (99.1 ± 34.88 vs. 128.6 ± 72.87 minutes), incidence of intraoperative hemobilia (4.58% vs. 10.93%), cholangitis (6.54% vs. 14.06%), postoperative complications (10.45% vs. 21.87%), T-tube retaining time after first POC (20.7 ± 5.35 vs. 28.1 ± 8.28 days), and treatment costs ($2375 ± 661.72 vs. $3456.7 ± 638.07) were significantly lower in the combined lithotripsy group than those in the EHL group (P < 0.05). There were no differences between the two groups in calculi recurrence at half-a year, or one year follow-up. In conclusion, combined lithotripsy of mechanical clamping and electrohydraulics can safely and effectively benefit postoperative patients along with refractory residual biliary calculi.
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14
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Naitoh I, Hori Y. Post-ERCP Complications in Dialysis Patients: Cutting One's Losses or Expanding Possibilities? Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:2826-2828. [PMID: 29934722 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Yasuki Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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15
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Oh HC, El Hajj II, Easler JJ, Watkins J, Fogel EL, McHenry L, Lehman GA, Choi JS, Kang H, Sherman S. Post-ERCP Bleeding in the Era of Multiple Antiplatelet Agents. Gut Liver 2018; 12:214-218. [PMID: 29212315 PMCID: PMC5832347 DOI: 10.5009/gnl17204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study aimed to determine the risk of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) bleeding among patients taking antiplatelet agents (APAs), particularly in the era of multiple APAs. Methods The primary outcomes were the frequency, type, and severity of ERCP-related bleeding according to the use of APAs. Results The frequencies of post-ERCP bleeding among the four different groups were 16 of 2,083 (0.8%) in the no drug group, 12 of 256 (4.7%) in the aspirin group, 3 of 48 (6.3%) in the single APA group, and 4 of 48 (8.3%) in the multiple APA group (p<0.001). In the univariate analysis, post-ERCP bleeding was associated with age, pull-type sphincterotomy, and APA and was inversely associated with balloon dilation of the biliary orifice. In the multivariate analysis, pull-type sphincterotomy (odds ratio [OR], 7.829; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.411 to 43.453; p=0.019) and country (Korea: OR, 0.124; 95% CI, 0.042 to 0.361; p<0.001) were associated with post-ERCP bleeding. Conclusions The frequency of post-ERCP bleeding was statistically higher in patients on any APA within 6 days prior to ERCP. However, in the multivariate analysis, APA use was not associated with post-ERCP bleeding. Until a large, adequately powered study to detect differences is performed, caution is recommended when considering invasive procedures during ERCP in patients on APAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Chul Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ihab I El Hajj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Easler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James Watkins
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evan L Fogel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lee McHenry
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Glen A Lehman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jung Sik Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stuart Sherman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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16
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Paik WH, Lee SH, Ahn DW, Jeong JB, Kang JW, Son JH, Ryu JK, Kim YT. Optimal time of resuming anticoagulant after endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients at risk for thromboembolism: a retrospective cohort study. Surg Endosc 2018; 32:3902-3908. [PMID: 29511881 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One major adverse event of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is bleeding, which could be more common and severe in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. However, the cessation of anticoagulants for long periods could lead to thromboembolic events. We aimed to evaluate the optimal timing of resumption of anticoagulants after EST in patients at risk for thromboembolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2010 through October 2017, a retrospective cohort at risk for thromboembolism who had taken warfarin and bridging therapy with heparin around EST from three tertiary hospitals in South Korea was investigated. The primary outcome was to compare the incidence of post-EST delayed bleeding according to the resumption time of anticoagulant. The secondary outcome was to investigate any thromboembolic adverse events related to interruption of the anticoagulant. RESULTS A total of 96 patients (46 males and 50 females; median age 75 years [range, 24-91 years]) were enrolled. Overall, the patient numbers of very early (< 24 h), early (24-48 h), and late resumption (> 48 h) of anticoagulant after EST were 56, 23, and 17, respectively. The baseline characteristics were similar between groups except resumption time of anticoagulant. There was no significant difference in the rate of post-EST delayed bleeding (5% in very early group vs. 9% in early group vs. 0 in late group, p = 0.47). The rate of thromboembolic adverse events was significantly higher in the late resumption of anticoagulant group (0 vs. 0 vs. 24%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the incidence of post-EST delayed bleeding according to the resuming time of anticoagulant. Since long cessation of anticoagulant could increase the risk of thrombotic adverse events, the early resumption of anticoagulant seems to be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Dong Won Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Bong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
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17
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Ryozawa S, Itoi T, Katanuma A, Okabe Y, Kato H, Horaguchi J, Fujita N, Yasuda K, Tsuyuguchi T, Fujimoto K. Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society guidelines for endoscopic sphincterotomy. Dig Endosc 2018; 30:149-173. [PMID: 29247546 DOI: 10.1111/den.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) has recently compiled guidelines for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) using evidence-based methods. Content regarding actual clinical practice, including detailed endoscopic procedures, instruments, device types and usage, has already been published by the JGES postgraduate education committee in May 2015 and, thus, in these guidelines we avoided duplicating such content as much as possible. The guidelines do not address pancreatic sphincterotomy, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD), and endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD). The guidelines for EPLBD are planned to be developed separately. The evidence level in this field is often low and, in many instances, strong recommendation has to be determined on the basis of expert consensus. At this point in time, the guidelines are divided into six items including indications, techniques, specific cases, adverse events, outcomes, and postoperative follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomei Ryozawa
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hironari Kato
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Horaguchi
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotaka Fujita
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yasuda
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Factors associated with delayed hemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy: Japanese large single-center experience. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:1258-1265. [PMID: 28478523 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhage is one of the serious adverse events of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). However, the risk factors for delayed hemorrhage after EST have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for delayed hemorrhage after EST. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent EST between January 2011 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The incidence, treatment outcomes, and risk factors for delayed hemorrhage were evaluated. Delayed hemorrhage was defined as symptomatic hemorrhage occurring 24 h after an endoscopic procedure. RESULTS After analyzing 1113 patients who underwent EST, delayed hemorrhage was seen to occur in 30 (2.7%) patients. The median period before presentation of delayed hemorrhage was 2 days (range 1-6) after EST, and its severity was mild in four, moderate in 20, and severe in six patients. All patients with delayed hemorrhage received successful endoscopic hemostasis. Univariate analysis showed that delayed hemorrhage occurred more frequently in patients with hemodialysis (p = 0.013), heparin replacement of antithrombotic agents (p = 0.012), or early hemorrhage occurring just after EST (p < 0.001). Among these, hemodialysis (OR 6.44, 95% CI 1.67-24.8; p = 0.007), heparin replacement (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.42-9.98; p = 0.008), and early hemorrhage (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.90-9.96; p < 0.001) proved to be independent risk factors for delayed hemorrhage on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of delayed hemorrhage after EST was 2.7%. Hemodialysis, heparin replacement, and early hemorrhage were the risk factors for delayed hemorrhage.
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19
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Mukai S, Itoi T, Baron TH, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Ukai T, Shikata S, Teoh AYB, Kim MH, Kiriyama S, Mori Y, Miura F, Chen MF, Lau WY, Wada K, Supe AN, Giménez ME, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Hirata K, Sumiyama Y, Inui K, Yamamoto M. Indications and techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis in updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:537-549. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Tokyo Medical University Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Tokyo Medical University Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Todd H. Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; NC USA
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery; Teikyo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Steven M. Strasberg
- Section of HPB Surgery; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Henry A. Pitt
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Tomohiko Ukai
- Department of Family Medicine; Mie Prefectural Ichishi Hospital; Mie Japan
| | | | | | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Seiki Kiriyama
- Department of Gastroenterology; Ogaki Municipal Hospital; Gifu Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fumihiko Miura
- Department of Surgery; Teikyo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Miin-Fu Chen
- Division of General Surgery; Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Keita Wada
- Department of Surgery; Teikyo University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Avinash Nivritti Supe
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology; Seth G S Medical College and K E M Hospital; Mumbai India
| | - Mariano Eduardo Giménez
- Chair of General Surgery and Minimal Invasive Surgery “Taquini”; University of Buenos Aires; Argentina DAICIM Foundation; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery; Chemotherapy Research Institute; International University of Health and Welfare; Chiba Japan
| | - Toshihiko Mayumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery; JR Sapporo Hospital; Hokkaido Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Inui
- Department of Gastroenterology; Second Teaching Hospital; Fujita Health University; Aichi Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery; Institute of Gastroenterology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
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20
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Veitch AM, Vanbiervliet G, Gershlick AH, Boustiere C, Baglin TP, Smith LA, Radaelli F, Knight E, Gralnek IM, Hassan C, Dumonceau JM. Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, including direct oral anticoagulants: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines. Gut 2016; 65:374-89. [PMID: 26873868 PMCID: PMC4789831 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The risk of endoscopy in patients on antithrombotics depends on the risks of procedural haemorrhage versus thrombosis due to discontinuation of therapy. P2Y12 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS CLOPIDOGREL, PRASUGREL, TICAGRELOR: For low-risk endoscopic procedures we recommend continuing P2Y12 receptor antagonists as single or dual antiplatelet therapy (low quality evidence, strong recommendation); For high-risk endoscopic procedures in patients at low thrombotic risk, we recommend discontinuing P2Y12 receptor antagonists five days before the procedure (moderate quality evidence, strong recommendation). In patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, we suggest continuing aspirin (low quality evidence, weak recommendation). For high-risk endoscopic procedures in patients at high thrombotic risk, we recommend continuing aspirin and liaising with a cardiologist about the risk/benefit of discontinuation of P2Y12 receptor antagonists (high quality evidence, strong recommendation). WARFARIN The advice for warfarin is fundamentally unchanged from British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) 2008 guidance. DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS DOAC For low-risk endoscopic procedures we suggest omitting the morning dose of DOAC on the day of the procedure (very low quality evidence, weak recommendation); For high-risk endoscopic procedures, we recommend that the last dose of DOAC be taken ≥48 h before the procedure (very low quality evidence, strong recommendation). For patients on dabigatran with CrCl (or estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) of 30-50 mL/min we recommend that the last dose of DOAC be taken 72 h before the procedure (very low quality evidence, strong recommendation). In any patient with rapidly deteriorating renal function a haematologist should be consulted (low quality evidence, strong recommendation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Veitch
- Department of Gastroenterology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Geoffroy Vanbiervliet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Universitaire L'Archet 2, Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Anthony H Gershlick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Trevor P Baglin
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lesley-Ann Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Franco Radaelli
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Gastroenterologia, Servizio di Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy
| | | | - Ian M Gralnek
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | |
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