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Metelli F, Manfredi G, Pagano N, Buscarini E, Crinò SF, Armellini E. The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Ancillary Techniques in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1233. [PMID: 38928649 PMCID: PMC11202526 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a unique form of chronic pancreatitis with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Historically, it has been classified as type 1 and type 2, according to its clinical and histological features. The diagnosis of AIP is challenging and relies on a combination of clinical, histopathologic, serologic, and imaging characteristics. In the available guidelines, the imaging hallmarks of AIP are based on cross-sectional imaging and cholangiopancreatography retrograde endoscopic findings. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is generally used for pancreatic tissue acquisition to rule out pancreatic cancer and diagnose AIP with limited accuracy. Several papers reported the reliability of EUS for providing informative morphologic features of AIP. Nowadays, the improvement in the resolution of EUS conventional images and the development of new ancillary technologies have further increased the diagnostic yield of EUS: contrast-enhanced EUS and EUS elastography are non-invasive and real-time techniques that strongly support the diagnosis and management of pancreatic diseases. In this review article, we will present the role of conventional EUS and ancillary diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of AIP to support clinicians and endosonographers in managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Metelli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, ASST Maggiore Hospital Crema, 26013 Crema, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Guido Manfredi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, ASST Maggiore Hospital Crema, 26013 Crema, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Nico Pagano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Oncological and Specialty Medicine, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Buscarini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Department, ASST Maggiore Hospital Crema, 26013 Crema, Italy; (F.M.); (G.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinò
- Diagnostic and Interventional Endoscopy of Pancreas, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Elia Armellini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, ASST-Bergamoest, 24068 Seriate, Italy
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Jain AK, Sundaram S, Tyagi U, Kale A, Patkar S, Patil P, Deodhar K, Ramadwar M, Yadav S, Chaudhari V, Shrikhande S, Mehta S. IgG4-related disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: Experience from a tertiary care centre with systematic review of Indian literature. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:548-556. [PMID: 37823986 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare disease entity in India. We aimed at studying the clinical profile of IgG4-RD of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from our centre, while systematically reviewing data from India. METHODS Retrospective review of IgG4-RD of GIT was done using electronic medical records between January 2013 and July 2022. Literature search was done for studies of IgG4-RD of the GIT reported from India from 2000 till January 2023. Case series, case reports of IgG4-RD of GIT and case reports describing GIT with multi-organ involvement were included in the review. Primary outcome measure was response to treatment. Secondary outcome measure was relapse after remission. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were included with 71% (22/31) having autoimmune pancreatitis. The diagnosis was achieved on surgical specimen in 35% (11/31) patients. Steroid was given to 64% (20/31) patients with remission achieved in 70% (14/20) patients. Four patients exhibitted response to prolonged course of steroids with maintenance azathioprine. Relapse was seen in four (20%) patients who achieved remission. Of 731 articles screened, 48 studies (four case series and 44 case reports) were included in the literature review. Of 95 patients described, steroids were given to 65.2% (62/95), while surgery was done in 33.6% (32/95). Remission was seen in 96.6% (85/88) with relapse occurring in 11.4% (10/88) patients on follow-up. CONCLUSION One-third patients of IgG4-RD of GIT are diagnosed after surgery. Response to steroids is good with relapse occurring in up to 12% patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadish Kumar Jain
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Sridhar Sundaram
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
| | - Unique Tyagi
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Aditya Kale
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Shraddha Patkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Prachi Patil
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Kedar Deodhar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Subhash Yadav
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Vikram Chaudhari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Shailesh Shrikhande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Shaesta Mehta
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
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Paramythiotis D, Karlafti E, Tsavdaris D, Arvanitakis K, Protopapas AA, Germanidis G, Kougias L, Hatzidakis A, Savopoulos C, Michalopoulos A. Comparative Assessment of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies vs. Percutaneous Biopsies of Pancreatic Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Performance. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3108. [PMID: 38892819 PMCID: PMC11172871 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic cancer ranks as the fourth deadliest form of cancer. However, it is essential to note that not all pancreatic masses signal primary malignancy. Therefore, it is imperative to establish the correct differential diagnosis, a process further supported by pre-operative biopsy procedures. This meta-analysis aims to compare the diagnostic performance of two minimally invasive biopsy approaches for pancreatic tissue sampling: percutaneous biopsies guided by computed tomography or ultrasound, and transduodenal biopsies guided by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE and Scopus databases. The included studies analyzed the diagnostic performance of the two biopsy methods, and they were assessed for risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Statistical analysis was carried out using the RevMan and MetaDisc software packages. Results: The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated the superiority of the percutaneous approach. Specifically, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR-and DOR for the percutaneous approach were 0.896 [95% CI: 0.878-0.913], 0.949 [95% CI: 0.892-0.981], 9.70 [95% CI: 5.20-18.09], 0.20 [95% CI: 0.12-0.32] and 68.55 [95% CI: 32.63-143.98], respectively. The corresponding values for EUS-guided biopsies were 0.806 [95% CI: 0.775-0.834], 0.955 [95% CI: 0.926-0.974], 12.04 [95% CI: 2.67-54.17], 0.24 [95% CI: 0.15-0.39] and 52.56 [95% CI: 13.81-200.09], respectively. Nevertheless, it appears that this statistical superiority is also linked to the selection bias favoring larger and hence more readily accessible tumors during percutaneous biopsy procedures. Conclusions: Concisely, our meta-analysis indicates the statistical superiority of the percutaneous approach. However, selecting the optimal biopsy method is complex, influenced by factors like patient and tumor characteristics, clinical resources, and other relevant considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paramythiotis
- First Propaedeutic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- Emergency Department, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsavdaris
- First Propaedeutic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Adonis A. Protopapas
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Leonidas Kougias
- Department of Radiology, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Adam Hatzidakis
- Department of Radiology, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (L.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Christos Savopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.A.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonios Michalopoulos
- First Propaedeutic Surgery Department, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.P.); (D.T.); (A.M.)
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Ishikawa T, Yamao K, Mizutani Y, Iida T, Uetsuki K, Shimoyama Y, Nakamura M, Furukawa K, Yamamura T, Kawashima H. A prospective study on the histological evaluation of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis using endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy with a 19‐gauge Franseen needle. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBackground/PurposeTo assess the diagnostic efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) using a 19‐gauge Franseen needle for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).MethodsTwenty patients suspected of having type 1 AIP were prospectively enrolled and underwent EUS‐FNB with a 19‐gauge Franseen needle. Their data were compared with those of historical controls: a total of 29 type 1 AIP patients had EUS‐FNB with a 22‐gauge Franseen needle.ResultsSpecimens suitable for histological evaluation were obtained from 19 of the 20 patients (95%), and the median total tissue area was 11.9 mm2. The histological diagnosis rate of AIP was 65% (95% CI: 43.2%–82%). Adverse events were observed in three patients (15%), and a switch to 22‐gauge needles occurred during transduodenal puncture in two patients. Compared to those punctured with 22‐gauge needles, patients punctured with 19‐gauge needles had greater prevalence of each characteristic feature of lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis, but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsEUS‐FNB using a 19‐gauge Franseen needle demonstrated favorable performance for the histological diagnosis of AIP and allowed for large tissue samples, potentially facilitating pathological diagnosis. However, during transduodenal puncture, maneuverability is reduced; therefore, the needle may need to be selected according to the puncture site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Kota Uetsuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimoyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
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Gallo C, Dispinzieri G, Zucchini N, Invernizzi P, Massironi S. Autoimmune pancreatitis: Cornerstones and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:817-832. [PMID: 38516247 PMCID: PMC10950636 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an autoimmune subtype of chronic pancreatitis resulting from the aberrant immune response against the pancreas, leading to inflammation and fibrosis. Although AIP is rare, its incidence is increasing and is often misdiagnosed as other pancreatic diseases. AIP is commonly classified into two types. Type 1 AIP (AIP-1) is typically associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels and systemic manifestations, while type 2 AIP is typically a more localized form of the disease, and may coexist with other autoimmune disorders, especially inflammatory bowel diseases. Additionally, there is emerging recognition of a third type (type 3 AIP), which refers to immunotherapy-triggered AIP, although this classification is still gaining acceptance in medical literature. The clinical manifestations of AIP mainly include painless jaundice and weight loss. Elevated serum IgG4 levels are particularly characteristic of AIP-1. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological findings, given the similarity of AIP symptoms to other pancreatic disorders. The mainstay of treatment for AIP is steroid therapy, which is effective in most cases. Severe cases might require additional imm-unosuppressive agents. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of AIP, encompassing its epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options. We also address the challenges and controversies in diagnosing and treating AIP, such as distinguishing it from pancreatic cancer and managing long-term treatment, highlighting the need for increased awareness and knowledge of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giulia Dispinzieri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori; University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
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Yoon SB, Jeon TY, Moon SH, Shin DW, Lee SM, Choi MH, Min JH, Kim MJ. Differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma using CT characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:9010-9021. [PMID: 37466708 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine informational CT findings for distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to review their diagnostic accuracy. METHODS A systematic and detailed literature review was performed through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. Similar descriptors to embody the identical image finding were labeled as a single CT characteristic. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) of each CT characteristic using a bivariate random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 145 various descriptors from 15 studies (including 562 AIP and 869 PDAC patients) were categorized into 16 CT characteristics. According to the pooled DOR, 16 CT characteristics were classified into three groups (suggesting AIP, suggesting PDAC, and not informational). Seven characteristics suggesting AIP were diffuse pancreatic enlargement (DOR, 48), delayed homogeneous enhancement (DOR, 46), capsule-like rim (DOR, 34), multiple pancreatic masses (DOR, 16), renal involvement (DOR, 15), retroperitoneal fibrosis (DOR, 13), and bile duct involvement (DOR, 8). Delayed homogeneous enhancement showed a pooled sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 85%. The other six characteristics showed relatively low sensitivity (12-63%) but high specificity (93-99%). Four characteristics suggesting PDAC were discrete pancreatic mass (DOR, 23), pancreatic duct cutoff (DOR, 16), upstream main pancreatic duct dilatation (DOR, 8), and upstream parenchymal atrophy (DOR, 7). CONCLUSION Eleven CT characteristics were informational to distinguish AIP from PDAC. Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, delayed homogeneous enhancement, and capsule-like rim suggested AIP with the highest DORs, whereas discrete pancreatic mass suggested PDAC. However, pooled sensitivities of informational CT characteristics were moderate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This meta-analysis underscores eleven distinctive CT characteristics that aid in differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma, potentially preventing misdiagnoses in patients presenting with focal/diffuse pancreatic enlargement. KEY POINTS • Diffuse pancreatic enlargement (pooled diagnostic odds ratio [DOR], 48), delayed homogeneous enhancement (46), and capsule-like rim (34) were CT characteristics suggesting autoimmune pancreatitis. • The CT characteristics suggesting autoimmune pancreatitis, except delayed homogeneous enhancement, had a general tendency to show relatively low sensitivity (12-63%) but high specificity (93-99%). • Discrete pancreatic mass (pooled diagnostic odds ratio, 23) was the CT characteristic suggesting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with the highest pooled DORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Jeon
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.
| | - Dong Woo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Cha Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Hyung Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Min
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
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Li Y, Song H, Meng X, Li R, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME, Zhang S, Sun S, Song J. Autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 (idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis): A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103121. [PMID: 37826920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an uncommon fibro-inflammatory disorder precipitated by autoimmune/inflammatory reactions. Currently, there are two clinical subtypes of AIP (type 1 [AIP-1] and type 2 [AIP-2]) that correspond to two histologic descriptors (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis and idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis, respectively). While our understanding of AIP-1 has evolved considerably over the years, little is known about AIP-2 due to its rarity, often leading to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and even unnecessary surgical resection. Compared to AIP-1, AIP-2 exhibits distinct clinical and histologic features. Because AIP-2 is a pancreas-restricted disease without a specific serum marker, the evaluation of histologic features (e.g., granulocytic epithelial lesions) is essential for an accurate diagnosis. Patients with AIP-2 respond well to glucocorticoids, with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies as a promising alternative therapy. The prognosis of AIP-2 is generally favorable and relapse is uncommon. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the clinical features, diagnosis, therapeutic regimens, prognosis, and putative mechanisms underlying AIP-2. Notably, the diagnostic differentiation between AIP-2, especially the mass-forming/focal type, and pancreatic cancer is important, but challenging. In this regard, endoscopic ultrasound-guided core biopsy has a key role, but novel diagnostic markers and modalities are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Hanyi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiangzhen Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Runzhuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Junmin Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Zhao Y, Xiong D, Aruna, Chen Q, Kuang D, Xiong S, Wang Y, Yang Y, Guo Q, Chen L, Zhang J, Wu X, Feng Y, Cheng B. Fine needle biopsy versus fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of immunohistochemistry-required lesions: A multicenter study with prospective evaluation. Endosc Ultrasound 2023; 12:456-464. [PMID: 38948128 PMCID: PMC11213591 DOI: 10.1097/eus.0000000000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The superiority of EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) over fine-needle aspiration (FNA) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of FNB and FNA in immunohistochemistry (IHC)-required lesions, including, type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), neuroendocrine tumor (NET), mesenchymal tumor, and lymphoma. Methods In this multicenter study, specimens from all eligible patients who underwent EUS-FNB/FNA with these specific lesions were prospectively evaluated. Demographics, adequacy of specimens for IHC, diagnostic accuracy, and integrity of tissue were analyzed. Subgroup analysis and multivariate logistic regression were also performed to control confounders. Results A total of 439 patients were included for analysis. Most lesion types were type 1 AIP (41.69%), followed by NET, mesenchymal tumor, and lymphoma. FNB yielded specimens with better adequacy for IHC (82.41% vs. 66.67%, P < 0.001) and higher diagnostic accuracy (74.37% vs. 55.42%, P < 0.001). The superiority of FNB over FNA in adequacy for IHC (odds ratio, 2.786 [1.515-5.291]) and diagnostic accuracy (odds ratio, 2.793 [1.645-4.808]) remained significant after control of confounders including needle size, lesion site, lesion size, and endoscopists. In subgroup analysis, FNB showed higher diagnostic accuracy in AIP and mesenchymal tumor, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in NET and lymphoma. Conclusions FNB was superior to FNA needles in obtaining tissues with better adequacy and integrity. These results suggest that FNB should be considered a first-line modality in the diagnosis of IHC-required lesions, especially AIP and mesenchymal tumor. However, a randomized controlled trial with larger sample size is needed to further confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Zhao
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dingkun Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aruna
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian Chen
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- The Division of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Si Xiong
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yilei Yang
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lan Chen
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yunlu Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- The Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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9
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Vitali F, Zundler S, Jesper D, Strobel D, Wildner D, de Pretis N, Frulloni L, Crinó SF, Neurath MF. Endoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatology: Focus on Inflammatory Diseases and Interventions. Visc Med 2023; 39:131-139. [PMID: 37899796 PMCID: PMC10601533 DOI: 10.1159/000533433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a main tool in pancreatology for both diagnosis and therapy. It allows minimally invasive differentiation of various diseases, with a minimal degree of inflammation or anatomic variations. EUS also enables interventional direct access to the pancreatic parenchyma and the retroperitoneal space, the pancreatic duct, the pancreatic masses, cysts, vascular structures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Summary This review aimed to summarize the new developments of EUS in the field of pancreatology, with special interest on inflammation and interventions. EUS enables way to perform pseudocyst drainage, necrosectomy, transenteral drainage and transenteric access of the main pancreatic duct, or the direct visualization or therapy of vascular structures adjacent to the pancreas. Key Messages EUS has a deep impact on pancreatology, and the development of new diagnostic and interventional approaches to the retroperitoneal space and the pancreas has increased in the last years exponentially, allowing minimal invasive diagnostics and therapy and avoiding surgery and percutaneous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Jesper
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Deike Strobel
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dane Wildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicoló de Pretis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinó
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Hogeboom A, Sánchez ER, Ibarrola C, Pérez-Campos A. Pancreatic head mass: To Whipple or not to Whipple. Cytojournal 2023; 20:28. [PMID: 37681077 PMCID: PMC10481877 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_12_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Hogeboom
- Department of Pathology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Ibarrola
- Department of Pathology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Campos
- Department of Pathology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Xu B, Lu Q, Fang R, Dai X, Xu H, Ding X, Gui H. Effect of wet-heparinized suction on the quality of mediastinal solid tumor specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a retrospective study from a single center. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:208. [PMID: 37316772 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediastinal lesions are diagnosed sometimes by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Wet-heparinized suction technique has been used to improve the quality of abdominal solid tumor samples obtained by EUS-FNA. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of wet-heparinized suction on the quality of mediastinal solid tumor samples and to evaluate the safety of the method. METHODS The medical records, EUS-FNA records, pathologic data, and follow-up data between the patients who suspected mediastinal lesions with wet-heparinized suction and conventional suction were retrospectively and comparatively analyzed. Adverse events at 48 h and 1 week after EUS-FNA were evaluated. RESULTS Wet-heparinized suction contributed to more tissue specimens (P < 0.05), superior tissue integrity (P < 0.05), and a longer length of white tissue core (P < 0.05). In addition, the more complete the tissue bar was, the higher the rate of successful sample (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total length of the white tissue bar at the first puncture was remarkably longer in the Experimental group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in red blood cell contamination in paraffin sections was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no complication after discharge in both groups. CONCLUSION Wet-heparinized suction can improve the quality of mediastinal lesion samples obtained by EUS-FNA and increase the success rate of sampling. In addition, it will not aggravate blood contamination in paraffin sections while ensuring a safe puncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiangwu Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huawei Gui
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
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12
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Kachi K, Naitoh I, Ban T, Hayashi K, Yoshida M, Hori Y, Natsume M, Kato A, Kito Y, Saito K, Matsuo Y, Kato H, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Notohara K, Kataoka H. Concomitant Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Potential Issue in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma by Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Biopsy. Intern Med 2023; 62:545-551. [PMID: 35831103 PMCID: PMC10017232 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0075-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a 64-year-old man with concomitant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). An endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) from the pancreatic head mass revealed level 2 histology of AIP and atypical glands. We diagnosed definitive focal AIP using the clinical diagnostic criteria. Computed tomography revealed that the pancreatic mass had not been reduced by steroid therapy. Surgery was performed after a histological PDAC diagnosis was made via a transpapillary biliary biopsy. The resected specimen revealed PDAC associated with AIP. It is important to consider the cooccurrence of PDAC and AIP even if the histological diagnosis via an EUS-FNB is AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tesshin Ban
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gamagori Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasuki Hori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Makoto Natsume
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kenta Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
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13
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Ito T, Ikeura T, Notohara K, Masuda M, Nakamaru K, Nakayama S, Shimatani M, Takaoka M, Okazaki K, Naganuma M. A case of type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis with spontaneous remission. Clin J Gastroenterol 2023; 16:297-302. [PMID: 36696084 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-022-01753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A 70-year-old man with epigastric pain was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed the diffusely enlarged pancreas compared to his normal pancreas 6 months prior to presentation. Serum levels of IgG4 and amylase were normal, while C-reactive protein was slightly elevated. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy of the pancreas revealed acinar-ductal metaplasia with neutrophil infiltration and without infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. After the clinical diagnosis of type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), his symptoms spontaneously improved without steroid therapy. Three months later, radiological findings showed improved pancreas size and serological findings. The pathological diagnosis of type 2 AIP using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy is challenging, particularly for proving granulocyte epithelial lesions. This was a valuable type 2 AIP case in which the images before, at the time of onset, and at the time of spontaneous remission were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masataka Masuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Koh Nakamaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shimatani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Makoto Takaoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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14
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Kim SH, Lee YC, Chon HK. Challenges for clinicians treating autoimmune pancreatitis: Current perspectives. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:30-46. [PMID: 36687190 PMCID: PMC9846983 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disease clinically characterized by obstructive jaundice, unintentional weight loss, acute pancreatitis, focal pancreatic mass, and diabetes. AIP is classified into two subtypes - type 1 and type 2 - according to pathological findings, clinical features, and serology test results, but some cases may be defined as type not otherwise in the absence of pathological findings and inflammatory bowel disease. To address the differences in diagnostic criteria by country, standard diagnostic criteria for AIP were proposed in 2011 by an international consensus of expert opinions. Differential diagnosis of AIP from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is important but remains challenging for clinicians. Fortunately, all subtypes of AIP show dramatic response to steroid treatment. This review discusses the current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of AIP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Yun Chae Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ku Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institution of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan 54538, South Korea
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15
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Zhang XD, Zhang Y, Zhao YZ, Zhou CH, Zou DW. Autoimmune pancreatitis: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135096. [PMID: 36911675 PMCID: PMC9992966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a distinct form of pancreatic inflammatory disease that responds well to glucocorticoid therapy. Knowledge on AIP has rapidly evolved over the past two decades. Based on bibliometric analysis, this study aimed to assess the research status of AIP over the past two decades and determine the research focus and emerging topics. Methods AIP-related publications published between January 1, 2002, and June 6, 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric data were analyzed using HisCite, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and bibliometrix package. Annual output, leading countries/regions, active institutions and authors, core journals and references, and keywords of AIP were evaluated. Results Overall, 1,772 publications were retrieved from 501 journals by 6,767 authors from 63 countries/regions. Japan published articles on AIP the most (n=728, 41.1%), followed by the United States (n=336, 19%), Germany (n=147, 8.3%), China (n=127, 7%), and Italy (n=107, 6%). The top three most prolific authors were Terumi Kamisawa from Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital (n=117), Kazuichi Okazaki from Kansai Medical University (n=103), and Shigeyuki Kawa from Matsumoto Dental University (n=94). Pancreas was the most productive journal regarding AIP research (n=95), followed by the Journal of Gastroenterology (n=67), Internal Medicine (n=66), Pancreatology (n=63), and World Journal of Gastroenterology (n=62). "Diagnosis" was the most mentioned keyword. "Risk," "malignancy," "outcome," "22-gauge needle," and "fine-needle aspiration" were recognized as emerging topics. Conclusion Japan was the leading country in AIP research. Research papers were mainly published in specialized journals. Diagnosis was the research focus. Long-term outcomes and pancreatic tissue acquisition were recognized as research frontiers for AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Da Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duo-Wu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Mack S, Flattet Y, Bichard P, Frossard JL. Recent advances in the management of autoimmune pancreatitis in the era of artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6867-6874. [PMID: 36632320 PMCID: PMC9827582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a type of immune-mediated pancreatitis subdivided into two subtypes, type 1 and type 2 AIP. Furthermore, type 1 AIP is considered to be the pancreatic manifestation of the immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease. Nowadays, AIP is increasingly researched and recognized, although its diagnosis represents a challenge for several reasons: False positive ultrasound-guided cytological samples for a neoplastic process, difficult to interpret levels of IgG4, the absence of biological markers to diagnose type 2 AIP, and the challenging clinical identification of atypical forms. Furthermore, 60% and 78% of type 1 and type 2 AIP, respectively, are retrospectively diagnosed on surgical specimens of resected pancreas for suspected cancer. As distinguishing AIP from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be challenging, obtaining a definitive diagnosis can therefore prove difficult, since endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration or biopsy of the pancreas are suboptimal. This paper focuses on recent innovations in the management of AIP with regard to the use of artificial intelligence, new serum markers, and new therapeutic approaches, while it also outlines the current management recommendations. A better knowledge of AIP can reduce the recourse to surgery and avoid its overuse, although such an approach requires close collaboration between gastroenterologists, surgeons and radiologists. Better knowledge on AIP and IgG4-related disease remains necessary to diagnose and manage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Yves Flattet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Bichard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Jean Louis Frossard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
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Utility of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration and Biopsy for Histological Diagnosis of Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102464. [PMID: 36292153 PMCID: PMC9601245 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is the most common type of AIP; type 2 AIP is rare. The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and biopsy (EUS-FNAB) for the diagnosis of type 2 AIP. We analyzed the tissue specimens of 10 patients with suspected type 2 AIP who underwent EUS-FNAB at our hospital between April 2009 and March 2021 for tissue volume and histopathological diagnostic performance. The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 8:2, and the patient age (mean ± standard deviation) was 35.6 ± 15.5 years. EUS-FNAB provided sufficient tissue volume, with high-power field >10 in eight patients (80.0%). Based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC), four patients (40.0%) had histological findings corresponding to ICDC level 1, and five patients (50.0%) had histological findings corresponding to ICDC level 2. The results of this study show that EUS-FNB can be considered an alternative method to resection and core-needle biopsy for the collection of tissue samples of type 2 AIP.
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18
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Yoon SB, Jeon TY, Moon SH, Lee SM, Kim MH. Systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI features for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6691-6701. [PMID: 35486167 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify reliable MRI features for differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to summarize their diagnostic accuracy. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify original articles published between January 2006 and July 2021. The pooled diagnostic accuracy, including the diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the identified features, was calculated using a bivariate random effects model. RESULTS Twelve studies were included, and 92 overlapping descriptors were subsumed under 16 MRI features. Ten features favoring AIP were diffuse enlargement (DOR, 75; 95% CI, 9-594), capsule-like rim (DOR, 52; 95% CI, 20-131), multiple main pancreatic duct (MPD) strictures (DOR, 47; 95% CI, 17-129), homogeneous delayed enhancement (DOR, 46; 95% CI, 21-104), low apparent diffusion coefficient value (DOR, 30), speckled enhancement (DOR, 30), multiple pancreatic masses (DOR, 29), tapered narrowing of MPD (DOR, 15), penetrating duct sign (DOR, 14), and delayed enhancement (DOR, 13). Six features favoring PDAC were target type enhancement (DOR, 41; 95% CI, 11-158), discrete pancreatic mass (DOR, 35; 95% CI, 15-80), upstream MPD dilatation (DOR, 13), peripancreatic fat infiltration (DOR, 10), upstream parenchymal atrophy (DOR, 5), and vascular involvement (DOR, 3). CONCLUSION This study identified 16 informative MRI features to differentiate AIP from PDAC. Among them, diffuse enlargement, capsule-like rim, multiple MPD strictures, and homogeneous delayed enhancement favored AIP with the highest DORs, whereas discrete mass and target type enhancement favored PDAC. KEY POINTS • The MRI features with the highest pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) for autoimmune pancreatitis were diffuse enlargement of the pancreas (75), capsule-like rim (52), multiple strictures of the main pancreatic duct (47), and homogeneous delayed enhancement (46). • The MRI features with the highest pooled DORs for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were target type enhancement (41) and discrete pancreatic mass (35).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Jeon
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Rana SS. Evaluating the role of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:953-965. [PMID: 36263489 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2138856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides high-resolution images of both pancreatic parenchyma and duct and therefore is an integral component of evaluating and treating patients with pancreatitis and its complications. The development of enhanced EUS imaging techniques and newer EUS-specific accessories has expanded the diagnostic and therapeutic role of EUS in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP). AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current diagnostic and therapeutic role of EUS in acute pancreatitis (AP), CP, and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). EXPERT OPINION EUS plays a vital role in patients with AP by confirming the presence of common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis and intermediate probability of CBD stones. It plays an important role in the etiological evaluation of patients with idiopathic acute and recurrent pancreatitis. EUS is also an essential modality for diagnosing and managing pancreatico-biliary as well as gastroduodenal complications associated with CP. EUS-guided FNB using newer generation core biopsy needles has made possible accurate diagnosis of AIP by providing tissue samples with preserved architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Singh Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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20
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Moon SH, Kim MH. Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Immunoglobulin G4-related Sclerosing Cholangitis: Past, Present, and Future. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 80:107-114. [PMID: 36156034 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of glucocorticoid-responsive autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC), a new disease entity, has attracted considerable interest within the international gastroenterology community. The typical manifestations of AIP/IgG4-SC are obstructive jaundice and pancreatic enlargement in the elderly, which may mimic the presentations of pancreatobiliary malignancies. The timely diagnosis of AIP/IgG4-SC can lead to adequate glucocorticoid treatment, whereas a misdiagnosis can result in unnecessary major surgery. The diagnostic criteria used to diagnose AIP include several cardinal features of AIP that can be detected via pancreatic parenchymal imaging, ductal imaging, serum IgG4 levels, histopathology, other organ involvement, and response to glucocorticoid therapy. The differential diagnosis of AIP/IgG4-SC may include pancreatobiliary malignancies and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Although most patients with AIP/IgG4-SC respond well to glucocorticoid therapy, there is a frequent relapse of the disease in the long term. This review describes the evolution of the concept of AIP and IgG4-related disease, including the development of diagnostic criteria, discusses the current practice for diagnosis and treatment, and suggests prospects for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Changwon Hanmaeum Hospital, Changwon, Korea
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21
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Tang XP, Chen JF, Liu AQ, Shen YH, Huang YL. Clinical application of endoscopic ultrasonography in evaluation of colorectal and peri-colorectal lesions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:647-654. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i14.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has the functions of both endoscopy and ultrasound. Due to the complex anatomical structure of the intestine, there are few studies on EUS in colorectal lesions.
AIM To explore the clinical application value of EUS in the diagnosis of colorectal and peri-colorectal lesions.
METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the examination results of 95 patients detected by endoscopic miniprobe sonography (MPS) and linear EUS from September 2018 to July 2021, which were then compared to postoperative pathology. The kappa test was used in statistical analysis.
RESULTS Using postoperative pathology as the golden standard, the accuracy of linear EUS in diagnosing the depth of rectal cancer invasion (T stage) was 73.9% (17/23 cases), including T1 (2/4 cases), T2 (4/6 cases), T3 (6/7 cases) , and T4 (5/ 5 cases) stages. The accuracy of linear EUS in diagnosing regional lymph node metastasis (N stage) was 91.3% (21/23 cases), including N0 (14/15 cases) and N1 (7/8 cases) stages. The consistency was high (kappa value = 0.782, P < 0.01). During preoperative evaluation of colorectal adenoma or early cancer before endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), the accuracy of MPS in diagnosing the depth of tumor invasion was 87.1% (27/31 cases), and the consistency was moderate (kappa value = 0.665, P < 0.01). The accuracy of MPS in diagnosing the origin and type of colorectal submucosal lesions was 95.5% (21/22 cases), and the consistency was high (kappa value = 0.919, P < 0.01). The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration in determining rectal and peri-rectal lesions was 70.0% (7/10 cases), and the consistency was moderate (kappa value = 0.565, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION According to the specific location and size of colorectal and peri-colorectal lesions, selective use of the MPS and linear EUS is of great value with regard to T/N staging of rectal cancer, preoperative evaluation of ESD, determination of the characteristics of colorectal-submucosal bulging lesions, and acquisition of lesion tissue of rectal and peri-rectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ping Tang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Hua Shen
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue-Li Huang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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22
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Complemental Diagnosis of IgG4-Related Pancreaticobiliary Diseases by Multiple Hypoechoic Lesions in the Submandibular Glands. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144189. [PMID: 35887953 PMCID: PMC9319748 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) may require a somewhat invasive pathological examination and steroid responsiveness. This retrospective study assessed the complemental diagnosis of AIP and IgG4-SC using submandibular gland (SG) ultrasonography (US) in 69 patients, including 54 patients with AIP, 2 patients with IgG4-SC, and 13 patients with both AIP and IgG4-SC. The data from the physical examination and US of SGs to diagnose AIP (n = 67) and IgG4-SC (n = 15) were analyzed. The steroid therapy efficacy in resolving hypoechoic lesions in SGs was evaluated in 36 cases. The presence of IgG4-related pancreaticobiliary disease with multiple hypoechoic lesions in SGs was reduced from 31 to 11 cases after steroid therapy, suggesting that multiple hypoechoic lesions in SGs are strongly associated with IgG4-positive cell infiltrations. Multiple hypoechoic lesions in SGs were observed in 53 cases, whereas submandibular swelling on palpation was observed in 21 cases of IgG4-related pancreaticobiliary diseases. A complemental diagnosis of IgG4-related pancreaticobiliary diseases without a histological diagnosis and steroid therapy was achieved in 57 and 68 cases without and with multiple hypoechoic lesions in SGs, respectively. In conclusion, multiple hypoechoic lesions in SGs are useful for the complemental diagnosis of IgG4-related pancreaticobiliary diseases.
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23
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She YM, Ge N. The value of endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis in obstructive jaundice of the distal common bile duct. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:653-664. [PMID: 35793397 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2098111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive jaundice is a common clinical disease of great significance; however, diagnosing it according to etiology, especially in patients with distal obstructive jaundice is difficult. The development of endoscopic ultrasonography has improved diagnostic methods. Endoscopic ultrasonography not only improves the accuracy of conventional endoscopic ultrasound technology in etiological diagnosis, but also offers several special endoscopic ultrasound technologies for diagnosing distal obstructive jaundice of the common bile duct. What's more, endoscopic ultrasonography can be used to treat distal obstructive jaundice of common bile duct. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the diagnostic value and applications of endoscopic ultrasonography for obstructive jaundice of the distal common bile duct. EXPERT OPINION This article summarizes the value of endoscopic ultrasonography in the etiological diagnosis, relevant treatment applications of distal obstructive jaundice and the limitations of endoscopic ultrasonography in some etiologies due to the lack of clear comparison with other imaging methods. We also provide new data for the future research direction of endoscopic ultrasonography in distal obstructive jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mo She
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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24
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Notohara K. Biopsy diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: Does it bring a conclusion or confusion? DEN OPEN 2022; 2:e82. [PMID: 35310716 PMCID: PMC8828250 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A biopsy-based diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is now feasible via an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy, but there are potential issues to address. The benefits of acquiring large tissue samples include more successful immunostaining for Immunoglobulin G4 and more identifications of storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, and the ductal lesions of type 1 AIP. However, storiform fibrosis may not be present in all the type 1 AIP lesions. An interobserver agreement study revealed only slight-to-moderate agreement among pathologists diagnosing the histological findings of type 1 AIP. Potential reasons for disagreement are the different time phases of the inflammation (which result in heterogeneous histological pictures), a focal appearance of the typical histological findings, and the different definitions used by pathologists. We have thus devised guidance for diagnosing type 1 AIP based on biopsy tissues. In this guidance, we define each histological finding of type 1 AIP, for example, storiform fibrosis as a swirling arrangement of inflammatory cells, spindle-shaped cells, and delicate collagens as a unit. The necessity of elastic stains for identifying obliterative phlebitis is explained, with examples of mimickers. Another important purpose of a biopsy in type 1 AIP cases is differentiation from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this situation, acinar-ductal metaplasia observed in type 1 AIP is a mimicker of PDAC and should not be confused. For the resolution of potential disagreements among pathologists, a multi-disciplinary approach with the collaboration of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists is necessary to avoid confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Notohara
- Department of Anatomic PathologyKurashiki Central HospitalOkayamaJapan
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25
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Abstract
IgG4-related conditions affecting the digestive tract are part of a multi-organ fibro-inflammatory disorder termed IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), with autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related cholangitis being the most prominent manifestations. Gastrointestinal symptoms include jaundice, weight loss, abdominal pain, biliary strictures, and pancreatic and hepatic masses that mimic malignant diseases. IgG4-RD manifestations occur less frequently elsewhere in the digestive tract, namely in the oesophagus, retroperitoneum or intestine. Evidence-based European guidelines frame the current state-of-the-art in the diagnosis and management of IgG4-related digestive tract disease. Diagnosis is based on histology (if available), imaging, serology, other organ involvement and response to therapy (HISORt criteria). Few biomarkers beyond serum IgG4 concentrations are reliable. The first-line therapy (glucocorticoids) is swiftly effective but disease flares are common at low doses or after tapering. Second-line therapy might consist of other immunosuppressive drugs such as thiopurines or rituximab. Further trials, for example, of anti-CD19 drugs, are ongoing. Although an association between IgG4-RD and the development of malignancies has been postulated, the true nature of this relationship remains uncertain at this time.
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26
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Notohara K, Kamisawa T, Furukawa T, Fukushima N, Uehara T, Kasashima S, Iwasaki E, Kanno A, Kawashima A, Kubota K, Kuraishi Y, Motoya M, Naitoh I, Nishino T, Sakagami J, Shimizu K, Tomono T, Aishima S, Fukumura Y, Hirabayashi K, Kojima M, Mitsuhashi T, Naito Y, Ohike N, Tajiri T, Yamaguchi H, Fujiwara H, Ibuki E, Kobayashi S, Miyaoka M, Nagase M, Nakashima J, Nakayama M, Oda S, Taniyama D, Tsuyama S, Watanabe S, Ikeura T, Kawa S, Okazaki K. Concordance of the histological diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis and its distinction from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy specimens: an interobserver agreement study. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:565-575. [PMID: 34820715 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The histological diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) based on the findings obtained by an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is feasible, but the diagnostic consistency of this method has not been confirmed. We determined the interobserver agreement among 20 pathologists regarding the diagnosis of type 1 AIP, including the distinction from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using large tissue samples obtained by EUS-FNB. After guidance for diagnosing AIP with biopsy tissues was provided, a round 2 was performed. The median sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PDAC vs. non-neoplastic diseases were 95.2% and 100%, respectively. In groups of specialists (n = 7) and the generalists (n = 13), Fleiss' к-values increased from 0.886 to 0.958 and from 0.750 to 0.816 in round 2. The concordance was fair or moderate for obliterative phlebitis and storiform fibrosis but slight for ductal lesion of type 1 AIP. Discordant results were due to ambiguous findings and biopsy tissue limitations. Among the specialists, the ratio of cases with perfect agreement regarding the presence of storiform fibrosis increased in round 2, but agreement regarding obliterative phlebitis or ductal lesions was not improved. Although the histological definite diagnosis of type 1 AIP was achieved by most observers in > 60% of the cases, the confidence levels varied. Because some ambiguities exist, the histological diagnostic levels based on the diagnostic criteria of type 1 AIP should not be taken for granted. Guidance is effective for improving accurate PDAC diagnoses (notably by recognizing acinar-ductal metaplasia) and for evaluating storiform fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Notohara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, 710-8602, Japan.
| | - Terumi Kamisawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Kasashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kawashima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kubota
- Depatment of Endoscopy, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayo Motoya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nishino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakagami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Fukuchiyama, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruko Tomono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohike
- Department of Pathology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Takuma Tajiri
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Japan
| | | | - Hideyo Fujiwara
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Emi Ibuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Shota Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyaoka
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Mamiko Nagase
- Department of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Junko Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nangoku, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Oda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Daiki Taniyama
- Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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Kanno A, Miwata T, Nagai H, Ikeda E, Ando K, Kawasaki Y, Tada Y, Yokoyama K, Tamada K, Fukushima N, Kawarai Lefor A, Yamamoto H. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic sampling for the histopathological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:420-427. [PMID: 34233051 DOI: 10.1111/den.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), which is characterized by pancreatic enlargement and irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, is difficult to differentiate from malignancy. The irregular narrowing of the pancreatic duct, which can be detected via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, is a characteristic feature of AIP; however, distinguishing between localized AIP and pancreatic cancer based on pancreatic duct imaging is difficult. This study overviews the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic sampling for the histopathological diagnosis of AIP. Recent enhancements in needle biopsy methodologies and technologies have contributed to improvement in the diagnostic efficacy of this technique. The guidance provided in this study for the histological diagnosis of AIP is anticipated to further advance in the histopathological diagnosis of AIP using EUS-guided pancreatic sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kanno
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Miwata
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko Ikeda
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kozue Ando
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yamato Tada
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yokoyama
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiichi Tamada
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of, Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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28
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Saad M, Vitale DS. Endoscopic Advancements in Pediatric Pancreatitis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:937136. [PMID: 35783303 PMCID: PMC9240213 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.937136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Saad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David S Vitale
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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29
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Kanno A, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. What is the background for the histological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis? Dig Endosc 2021; 33:1073-1074. [PMID: 33377548 DOI: 10.1111/den.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of, Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of, Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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30
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Kanno A, Tamada K, Fukushima N, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for the histopathological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2021; 48:555-563. [PMID: 34669069 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-021-01144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a disease concept that originated in Japan. It is characterized by diffuse pancreatic enlargement and irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct. Although the usefulness of the histological diagnosis of AIP using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB) has been reported, enhanced diagnostic performance is expected with improvements in tissue collection methods and fine-needle techniques. Guidance for establishing the tissue diagnosis of AIP has been developed and is useful for histological evaluation. Histopathological diagnosis by EUS-FNA/FNB is expected to play a central role in AIP diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Kiichi Tamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | | | | | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
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The Role of EUS-Guided FNA and FNB in Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091653. [PMID: 34573995 PMCID: PMC8470670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an increasingly recognized disease classified into two different subtypes based on histology. According to the International Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC), the diagnosis is achieved using a combination of different criteria. In patients presenting with a typical imaging appearance, the diagnosis may be straightforward, and steroid treatment is recommended, even without histological confirmation. In patients with atypical imaging or mass-forming appearance, the differential diagnosis with pancreatic cancer is challenging and crucial for treatment strategy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition has been proposed to achieve a histological diagnosis. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was first proposed to aspirate cells from pancreatic lesions. Despite excellent results in terms of sensitivity for pancreatic cancer, the data are disappointing regarding the diagnosis of AIP. The recent development of new needles allowing fine-needle biopsy (FNB) has been associated with improved diagnostic accuracy based on preserving the tissue architecture, which is necessary to detect the typical histological features of AIP. However, the published literature on the role of EUS-guided FNA and FNB is limited and mainly focused on type 1 AIP. The present study aimed to review the available literature on the role of EUS-guided FNA and FNB in the diagnosis of AIP.
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Diagnostic Performance of EUS-Guided Sampling in Indeterminate Radiological Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease and Intra-Abdominal Lymphadenopathy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173850. [PMID: 34501294 PMCID: PMC8432008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling has been widely used for pathologic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. However, its effectiveness for diagnostic decision making in indeterminate radiological diagnosis has not been well determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March 2012 to October 2015, 98 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-guided FNA for solid intra-abdominal lesions were retrospectively analyzed (100 procedures). The purpose of EUS-guided sampling was classified as (1) confirmation of a high-confidence radiological diagnosis (High-confidence group) or (2) decision making in the differential diagnostic dilemma for indeterminate radiological diagnosis (Indeterminate group). The accuracies of EUS-guided sampling according to the purpose were analyzed and then compared. RESULTS Of the 100 procedures, 22 procedures (22%) came under the Indeterminate group, whereas 78 came under the High-confidence group. The accuracies did not differ between the Indeterminate and the High-confidence groups (86.4% vs. 88.5%, p = 1.000). Clinical conditions that required EUS-guided sampling for indeterminate radiological diagnosis were (1) pancreatic cancer vs. benign disease (n = 8; e.g., pancreatic cancer vs. mass-forming pancreatitis), (2) recurrence of previous/pre-existing cancer vs. benign disease (n = 5; e.g., recurrent gastric cancer vs. reactive lymph node), (3) pathologic differentiation of presumed malignancy (n = 6; e.g., lymphadenopathies in the previous history of esophageal cancer and colon cancer), or (4) miscellaneous (n = 3; e.g., tuberculous lymphadenopathy vs. other condition). CONCLUSIONS EUS-guided sampling demonstrated an accuracy of 86.4% in the clinical setting of indeterminate radiological diagnosis, which was not different from that of the confirmation of high-confidence diagnosis.
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33
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Jung YJ, Moon SH, Kim MH. Role of Endoscopic Procedures in the Diagnosis of IgG4-Related Pancreatobiliary Disease. Chonnam Med J 2021; 57:44-50. [PMID: 33537218 PMCID: PMC7840337 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2021.57.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the disease entity of glucocorticoid-responsive systemic immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related pancreatobiliary disease has generated substantial attention among the international gastroenterology society. IgG4-related pancreatobiliary disease includes type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). The typical manifestations of IgG4-related pancreatobiliary disease are cholestatic liver dysfunction, obstructive jaundice, and weight loss, although it may present with no clinical symptoms. Since it mimics tumors on imaging, AIP/IgG4-SC may often be misdiagnosed as pancreatic or biliary cancer. The endoscopic armamentarium for the diagnosis of IgG4-related pancreatobiliary disease includes endoscopic ultrasonography, intraductal ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and cholangioscopy. The role of endoscopic tissue acquisition is two-fold in the diagnosis of IgG4-related pancreatobiliary disease: exclusion of cancer and procurement of histopathological proof for diagnosis of AIP/IgG4-SC, which can also be achieved by adding the immunohistochemistry for IgG4. Our review article addresses the role of various endoscopic examinations in diagnosing IgG4-related pancreatobiliary disease, focusing on the differentiation of this condition from pancreatobiliary malingnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Myung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mita N, Iwashita T, Senju A, Ichikawa H, Iwasa Y, Uemura S, Yasuda I, Shimizu M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pelvic lesions via the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract approaches. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33407191 PMCID: PMC7788968 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (GI) approaches allows expansion of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) indications for pelvic lesions. The upper GI approach has been used for pelvic lesions around the level of the aortoiliac bifurcation in our institution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of EUS-FNA for pelvic lesions via the upper and lower GI approaches. METHODS All consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNA for the pelvic lesion between January 2008 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Pelvic lesions were defined as lesions located around and below the aortoiliac bifurcation level. The primary outcome was technical success rate, and the secondary outcomes were the diagnostic capability of EUS-FNA for malignancy and the safety. RESULTS EUS-FNA for pelvic lesions was performed in 49 patients: upper and lower GI approaches were used in 28 and 21 patients, respectively. The technical success rates were 91.8% (45/49) in all patients: 89.3% (25/28) and 95.2% (20/21) with the upper and lower GI approaches, respectively. Among patients who achieved technical success, the diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was 97.8% (44/45) in all patients: 100% (25/25) and 95.0% (19/20) with the upper and lower GI approaches, respectively. One (2.0%) patient developed an adverse event of sigmoid colon perforation. CONCLUSIONS EUS-FNA for pelvic lesions via the upper and lower GI approaches was a safe, feasible, and effective method, although careful endoscopic manipulation is required to avoid perforation, especially with the lower GI approach. Further large-scale, well-designed studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwashita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Senju
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hironao Ichikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuhei Iwasa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinya Uemura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Kanno A, Ikeda E, Ando K, Nagai H, Miwata T, Kawasaki Y, Tada Y, Yokoyama K, Numao N, Ushio J, Tamada K, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. The Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis Using Endoscopic Ultrasonography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121005. [PMID: 33255660 PMCID: PMC7760882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterized by enlargement of the pancreas and irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct. It is often associated with IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC), in which the bile duct narrows. Although characteristic irregular narrowing of the pancreatic duct caused by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is noted in AIP, it is difficult to differentiate between localized AIP and pancreatic carcinoma based on imaging of the pancreatic duct. While stenosis of the bile duct in IgG4-SC is characterized by longer-length stenosis than in cholangiocarcinoma, differentiation based on bile duct imaging alone is challenging. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can characterize hypoechoic enlargement of the pancreas or bile duct wall thickening in AIP and IgG4-SC, and diagnosis using elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS are being evaluated. The utility of EUS-guided fine needle aspiration for the histological diagnosis of AIP has been reported and is expected to improve diagnostic performance for AIP. Findings in the bile duct wall from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography followed by intraductal ultrasonography are useful in differentiating IgG4-SC from cholangiocarcinoma. Diagnoses based on endoscopic ultrasonography play a central role in the diagnosis of AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kanno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-285-58-7348; Fax: 81-285-44-8297
| | - Eriko Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kozue Ando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tetsuro Miwata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yamato Tada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kensuke Yokoyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Norikatsu Numao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jun Ushio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kiichi Tamada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
| | - Alan Kawarai Lefor
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan;
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (E.I.); (K.A.); (H.N.); (T.M.); (Y.K.); (Y.T.); (K.Y.); (N.N.); (J.U.); (K.T.); (H.Y.)
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