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Sano Y, Hotta K, Matsuda T, Murakami Y, Fujii T, Kudo SE, Oda Y, Ishikawa H, Saito Y, Kobayashi N, Sekiguchi M, Ikematsu H, Katagiri A, Konishi K, Takeuchi Y, Iishi H, Igarashi M, Kobayashi K, Sada M, Osera S, Shinohara T, Yamaguchi Y, Hasuda K, Morishima T, Miyashiro I, Shimoda T, Taniguchi H, Fujimori T, Ajioka Y, Yoshida S. Endoscopic Removal of Premalignant Lesions Reduces Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Risk: Results From the Japan Polyp Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:542-551.e3. [PMID: 37544420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To date, no regional evidence of long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) risk reduction after endoscopic premalignant lesion removal has been established. We aimed to analyze this over a long-term follow-up evaluation. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of participants from the Japan Polyp Study conducted at 11 Japanese institutions. Participants underwent scheduled follow-up colonoscopies after a 2-round baseline colonoscopy process. The primary outcome was CRC incidence after randomization. The observed/expected ratio of CRC was calculated using data from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry. Secondary outcomes were the incidence and characteristics of advanced neoplasia (AN). RESULTS A total of 1895 participants were analyzed. The mean number of follow-up colonoscopies and the median follow-up period were 2.8 years (range, 1-15 y) and 6.1 years (range, 0.8-11.9 y; 11,559.5 person-years), respectively. Overall, 4 patients (all males) developed CRCs during the study period. The observed/expected ratios for CRC in all participants, males, and females, were as follows: 0.14 (86% reduction), 0.18, and 0, respectively, and 77 ANs were detected in 71 patients (6.1 per 1000 person-years). Of the 77 ANs detected, 31 lesions (40.3%) were laterally spreading tumors, nongranular type. Nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms (NP-CRNs), including flat (<10 mm), depressed, and laterally spreading, accounted for 59.7% of all detected ANs. Furthermore, 2 of the 4 CRCs corresponded to T1 NP-CRNs. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic removal of premalignant lesions, including NP-CRNs, effectively reduced CRC risk. More than half of metachronous ANs removed by surveillance colonoscopy were NP-CRNs. The Japan Polyp Study: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, C000000058; cohort study: UMIN000040731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Sano
- Gastrointestinal Center and Institute of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Care, Sano Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kinichi Hotta
- Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Matsuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan; Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Shin-Ei Kudo
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oda
- Oda Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kobayashi
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Tochigi Cancer Center, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Masau Sekiguchi
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Cancer Screening Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katagiri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Konishi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Masahiro Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Miwa Sada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shozo Osera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Saku, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shinohara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Saku, Japan
| | | | - Kiwamu Hasuda
- Hattori Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Isao Miyashiro
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Division, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Khalaf K, Fujiyoshi MRA, Spadaccini M, Rizkala T, Ramai D, Colombo M, Fugazza A, Facciorusso A, Carrara S, Hassan C, Repici A. From Staining Techniques to Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Colorectal Polyps Characterization. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:89. [PMID: 38256350 PMCID: PMC10818333 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving techniques in image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for the characterization of colorectal polyps, and the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in revolutionizing the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy. We discuss the historical use of dye-spray and virtual chromoendoscopy for the characterization of colorectal polyps, which are now being replaced with more advanced technologies. Specifically, we focus on the application of AI to create a "virtual biopsy" for the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps, with potential for replacing histopathological diagnosis. The incorporation of AI has the potential to provide an evolutionary learning system that aids in the diagnosis and management of patients with the best possible outcomes. A detailed analysis of the literature supporting AI-assisted diagnostic techniques for the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps, with a particular emphasis on AI's characterization mechanism, is provided. The benefits of AI over traditional IEE techniques, including the reduction in human error in diagnosis, and its potential to provide an accurate diagnosis with similar accuracy to the gold standard are presented. However, the need for large-scale testing of AI in clinical practice and the importance of integrating patient data into the diagnostic process are acknowledged. In conclusion, the constant evolution of IEE technology and the potential for AI to revolutionize the field of endoscopy in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Khalaf
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (K.K.); (M.R.A.F.)
| | - Mary Raina Angeli Fujiyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (K.K.); (M.R.A.F.)
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan
| | - Marco Spadaccini
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tommy Rizkala
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - Matteo Colombo
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Fugazza
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Endoscopy, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (T.R.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (S.C.); (C.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
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Hsu WF, Chiu HM. Optimization of colonoscopy quality: Comprehensive review of the literature and future perspectives. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:822-834. [PMID: 37381701 DOI: 10.1111/den.14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Colonoscopy is crucial in preventing colorectal cancer (CRC) and reducing associated mortality. This comprehensive review examines the importance of high-quality colonoscopy and associated quality indicators, including bowel preparation, cecal intubation rate, withdrawal time, adenoma detection rate (ADR), complete resection, specimen retrieval, complication rates, and patient satisfaction, while also discussing other ADR-related metrics. Additionally, the review draws attention to often overlooked quality aspects, such as nonpolypoid lesion detection, as well as insertion and withdrawal skills. Moreover, it explores the potential of artificial intelligence in enhancing colonoscopy quality and highlights specific considerations for organized screening programs. The review also emphasizes the implications of organized screening programs and the need for continuous quality improvement. A high-quality colonoscopy is crucial for preventing postcolonoscopy CRC- and CRC-related deaths. Health-care professionals must develop a thorough understanding of colonoscopy quality components, including technical quality, patient safety, and patient experience. By prioritizing ongoing evaluation and refinement of these quality indicators, health-care providers can contribute to improved patient outcomes and develop more effective CRC screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nagai M, Suzuki S, Minato Y, Ishibashi F, Mochida K, Ohata K, Morishita T. Detecting colorectal lesions with image-enhanced endoscopy: an updated review from clinical trials. Clin Endosc 2023; 56:553-562. [PMID: 37491990 PMCID: PMC10565430 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2023.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonoscopy plays an important role in reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer by detecting adenomas and other precancerous lesions. Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) increases lesion visibility by enhancing the microstructure, blood vessels, and mucosal surface color, resulting in the detection of colorectal lesions. In recent years, various IEE techniques have been used in clinical practice, each with its unique characteristics. Numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of IEE in the detection of colorectal lesions. IEEs can be divided into two broad categories according to the nature of the image: images constructed using narrowband wavelength light, such as narrowband imaging and blue laser imaging/blue light imaging, or color images based on white light, such as linked color imaging, texture and color enhancement imaging, and i-scan. Conversely, artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as computer-aided diagnosis systems, have recently been developed to assist endoscopists in detecting colorectal lesions during colonoscopy. To better understand the features of each IEE, this review presents the effectiveness of each type of IEE and their combination with AI for colorectal lesion detection by referencing the latest research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Minato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Ohata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Misumi Y, Nonaka K, Takeuchi M, Kamitani Y, Uechi Y, Watanabe M, Kishino M, Omori T, Yonezawa M, Isomoto H, Tokushige K. Comparison of the Ability of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) Systems and Endoscopists to Detect Colorectal Neoplastic Lesions on Endoscopy Video. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4840. [PMID: 37510955 PMCID: PMC10381252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial-intelligence-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have developed remarkably in recent years. These systems can help increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR), an important quality indicator in colonoscopies. While there have been many still-image-based studies on the usefulness of CAD, few have reported on its usefulness using actual clinical videos. However, no studies have compared the CAD group and control groups using the exact same case videos. This study aimed to determine whether CAD or endoscopists were superior in identifying colorectal neoplastic lesions in videos. In this study, we examined 34 lesions from 21 cases. CAD performed better than four of the six endoscopists (three experts and three beginners), including all the beginners. The time to lesion detection with beginners and experts was 2.147 ± 1.118 s and 1.394 ± 0.805 s, respectively, with significant differences between beginners and experts (p < 0.001) and between beginners and CAD (both p < 0.001). The time to lesion detection was significantly shorter for experts and CAD than for beginners. No significant difference was found between experts and CAD (p = 1.000). CAD could be useful as a diagnostic support tool for beginners to bridge the experience gap with experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Misumi
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kouichi Nonaka
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Miharu Takeuchi
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yu Kamitani
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uechi
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mai Watanabe
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Maiko Kishino
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teppei Omori
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Maria Yonezawa
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-Chou, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-Chou, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Yoshida N, Dohi O, Inoue K. Necessity of image-enhanced endoscopy for detecting colorectal lesions. Dig Endosc 2022; 34:960-962. [PMID: 35429068 DOI: 10.1111/den.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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