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Bootsma JN, Campbell F, McCauley D, Hopmans S, Grahovac D, Cunningham BJ, Phoenix M, de Camargo OK, Geytenbeek J, Gorter JW. Psychometric properties of the English language version of the C-BiLLT evaluated in typically developing Canadian children. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2023; 16:71-81. [PMID: 36847022 PMCID: PMC10116130 DOI: 10.3233/prm-210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to 1) investigate the convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the Canadian English version of the Computer-Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT-CAN), and 2) explore feasibility of the C-BiLLT assessment for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and complex communication needs in the Canadian health care context. METHODS Eighty typically developing children between 1.5 and 8.5 years of age completed the C-BiLLT-CAN, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV (PPVT-4), the receptive language sub-test of the New Reynell Developmental Language Scales (NRDLS), and/or the Raven's 2. Correlations between raw scores were calculated for estimates of convergent and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was calculated for all items and separately for items pertaining to vocabulary and grammar. To calculate the standard error of measurement (SEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 33 participants were re-tested with the C-BiLLT within three weeks. Feasibility was explored with nine participants with CP. RESULTS C-BiLLT-CAN's convergent validity was good to excellent (Spearman's rho > 0.78) and discriminant validity was higher than hypothesized (Spearman's rho > 0.8). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96), test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.9), and measurement error (SEM < 5%) were excellent. The feasibility study could not be fully completed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preliminary data demonstrated some technical and practical barriers for using the C-BiLLT in children with CP in Canada. CONCLUSION The C-BiLLT-CAN demonstrates good to excellent psychometric properties in a sample of typically developing children, indicating that it is an adequate test for measuring language comprehension in English-speaking Canadian children. Further research is needed to investigate the feasibility of the C-BiLLT-CAN in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jael N Bootsma
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fiona Campbell
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Technology Access Clinic, Developmental Pediatrics and Rehabilitation RJCHC, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dayle McCauley
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hopmans
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danijela Grahovac
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - B J Cunningham
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, Elborn College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Phoenix
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Olaf Kraus de Camargo
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Johanna Geytenbeek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CP Expertise Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, TheNetherlands
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