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Karakus KE, Suryadevara V, Larson A, Gangadhar P, Shah VN. Skeletal Health in Patients With Mitochondrial Diabetes: Case Series and Review of Literature. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10824. [PMID: 38025043 PMCID: PMC10652178 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes, including mitochondrial diabetes, constitutes 1% to 3% of all diabetes. Although there is an increased interest in understanding the mechanisms of bone fragility in people with diabetes, skeletal research is mostly focused on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Little is known on skeletal health among people with mitochondrial diabetes. In this single-center study, we presented clinical characteristics of individuals with mitochondrial diabetes and clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. Of 10 patients with mitochondrial diabetes, 4 (40%) had a clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis were older, had lower body mass index, longer diabetes duration, lower fasting C-peptide, and presence of multiple comorbidities compared with patients without osteoporosis. In addition to our cases, we also systematically reviewed literature on skeletal health in people with mitochondrial diabetes and provided an overview of potential factors affecting skeletal health and future clinical and research directions to improve the care of people with mitochondrial disease. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Suryadevara
- Department of EndocrinologyJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)PuducherryIndia
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of GeneticsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - Prathosh Gangadhar
- Department of EndocrinologyIQRAA International Hospital and Research CentreCalicutIndia
| | - Viral N Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
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Xu L, Yang K, Fan Q, Gu Y, Ren S. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy analysis in keratoconus patients from China. Front Genet 2023; 14:1251951. [PMID: 37790701 PMCID: PMC10544337 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1251951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants have been implicated in keratoconus (KC). The present study aimed to characterize the mtDNA heteroplasmy profile in KC and explore the association of mitochondrial heteroplasmic levels with KC. Methods: Mitochondrial sequencing of peripheral blood samples and corneal tomography were conducted in 300 KC cases and 300 matched controls. The number of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic variants was calculated across the mitochondrial genome. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the number of heteroplasmic variants and age. The association of mtDNA heteroplasmic level with KC was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Moreover, the relationship between mitochondrial heteroplasmic levels and clinical parameters was determined by linear regression analysis. Results: The distribution of mtDNA heteroplasmic variants showed the highest number of heteroplasmic variants in the non-coding region, while the COX3 gene exhibited the highest number in protein-coding genes. Comparisons of the number of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic non-synonymous variants in protein-coding genes revealed no significant differences between KC cases and controls (all p > 0.05). In addition, the number of heteroplasmic variants was positively associated with age in all subjects (r = 0.085, p = 0.037). The logistic regression analyses indicated that the heteroplasmic levels of m.16180_16181delAA was associated with KC (p < 0.005). Linear regression analyses demonstrated that the heteroplasmic levels of m.16180_16181delAA and m.302A>C were not correlated with thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), steep keratometry (Ks), and flat keratometry (Kf) (all p > 0.05) in KC cases and controls separately. Conclusion: The current study characterized the mtDNA heteroplasmy profile in KC, and revealed that the heteroplasmic levels of m.16180_16181delAA were associated with KC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengwei Ren
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Naganuma T, Imasawa T, Nukui I, Wakasugi M, Kitamura H, Yatsuka Y, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Murayama K, Jinguji Y. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with a mutation in the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5 gene: A case report. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 35:100963. [PMID: 36941957 PMCID: PMC10024046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NADH dehydrogenase 5 (ND5) is one of 44 subunits composed of Complex I in mitochondrial respiratory chain. Therefore, a mitochondrially encoded ND5 (MT-ND5) gene mutation causes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disorder, resulting in the development of mitochondrial diseases. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) which had podocytes filled with abnormal mitochondria is induced by mitochondrial diseases. An MT-ND5 mutation also causes FSGS. We herein report a Japanese woman who was found to have proteinuria and renal dysfunction in an annual health check-up at 29 years old. Because her proteinuria and renal dysfunction were persistent, she had a kidney biopsy at 33 years of age. The renal histology showed FSGS with podocytes filled with abnormal mitochondria. The podocytes also had foot process effacement and cytoplasmic vacuolization. In addition, the renal pathological findings showed granular swollen epithelial cells (GSECs) in tubular cells, age-inappropriately disarranged and irregularly sized vascular smooth muscle cells (AiDIVs), and red-coloured podocytes (ReCPos) by acidic dye. A genetic analysis using peripheral mononuclear blood cells and urine sediment cells detected the m.13513 G > A variant in the MT-ND5 gene. Therefore, this patient was diagnosed with FSGS due to an MT-ND5 gene mutation. Although this is not the first case report to show that an MT-ND5 gene mutation causes FSGS, this is the first to demonstrate podocyte injuries accompanied with accumulation of abnormal mitochondria in the cytoplasm.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AiDIVs, age-inappropriately disarranged and irregularly sized vascular smooth muscle cells
- COX IV, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4
- Case report
- Cr, creatinine
- FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- GSECs, granular swollen epithelial cells
- MELAS, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- MRC, mitochondrial respiratory chain
- MT-ND5, mitochondrially encoded ND5
- Mitochondrial nephropathy
- NADH dehydrogenase 5
- ND5, NADH dehydrogenase 5
- OXPHOS:, oxidative phosphorylation
- Podocyte
- ReCPos, red-coloured podocytes
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- nDNA, nuclear DNA
- sCr, serum creatinine
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Naganuma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Imasawa
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Chiba-Higashi National Hospital, 673 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 206-8712, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ikuo Nukui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Wakasugi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Hospital Organization Chiba-Higashi National Hospital, 673 Nitona-cho, Chuoh-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 206-8712, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yatsuka
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1, Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Jinguji
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan
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van Kraaij SJW, Pereira DR, Smal B, Summo L, Konkel A, Lossie J, Busjahn A, Grammatopoulos TN, Klaassen E, Fischer R, Schunck WH, Gal P, Moerland M. Identification of peripheral vascular function measures and circulating biomarkers of mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial disease. Clin Transl Sci 2023. [PMID: 37177864 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of pharmacological therapies for mitochondrial diseases is hampered by the lack of tissue-level and circulating biomarkers reflecting effects of compounds on endothelial and mitochondrial function. This phase 0 study aimed to identify biomarkers differentiating between patients with mitochondrial disease and healthy volunteers (HVs). In this cross-sectional case-control study, eight participants with mitochondrial disease and eight HVs matched on age, sex, and body mass index underwent study assessments consisting of blood collection for evaluation of plasma and serum biomarkers, mitochondrial function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and an array of imaging methods for assessment of (micro)circulation. Plasma biomarkers GDF-15, IL-6, NT-proBNP, and cTNI were significantly elevated in patients compared to HVs, as were several clinical chemistry and hematology markers. No differences between groups were found for mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen production, oxygen consumption rate, or extracellular acidification rate in PBMCs. Imaging revealed significantly higher nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-hydrogen (NADH) content in skin as well as reduced passive leg movement-induced hyperemia in patients. This study confirmed results of earlier studies regarding plasma biomarkers in mitochondrial disease and identified several imaging techniques that could detect functional differences at the tissue level between participants with mitochondrial disease and HVs. However, assays of mitochondrial function in PBMCs did not show differences between participants with mitochondrial disease and HVs, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms and heterogeneity in mutational load. In future clinical trials, using a mix of imaging and blood-based biomarkers may be advisable, as well as combining these with an in vivo challenge to disturb homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bastiaan Smal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolf-Hagen Schunck
- OMEICOS Therapeutics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Li D, Liang C, Zhang T, Marley JL, Zou W, Lian M, Ji D. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation: From genetics to phenotype. Front Genet 2022; 13:951185. [PMID: 36276941 PMCID: PMC9582660 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) m.3243A>G mutation is one of the most common pathogenic mtDNA variants, showing complex genetics, pathogenic molecular mechanisms, and phenotypes. In recent years, the prevention of mtDNA-related diseases has trended toward precision medicine strategies, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT). These techniques are set to allow the birth of healthy children, but clinical implementation relies on thorough insights into mtDNA genetics. The genotype and phenotype of m.3243A>G vary greatly from mother to offspring, which compromises genetic counseling for the disease. This review is the first to systematically elaborate on the characteristics of the m.3243A>G mutation, from genetics to phenotype and the relationship between them, as well as the related influencing factors and potential strategies for preventing disease. These perceptions will provide clarity for clinicians providing genetic counseling to m.3243A>G patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jordan Lee Marley
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Muqing Lian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Ji,
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6
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Blood biomarkers for assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction: An expert review. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:187-204. [PMID: 34740866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is the known cause of primary mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial dysfunction is often difficult to measure and prove, especially when biopsies of affected tissue are not available. In order to identify blood biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, we reviewed studies that measured blood biomarkers in genetically, clinically or biochemically confirmed primary mitochondrial disease patients. In this way, we were certain that there was an underlying mitochondrial dysfunction which could validate the biomarker. We found biomarkers of three classes: 1) functional markers measured in blood cells, 2) biochemical markers of serum/plasma and 3) DNA markers. While none of the reviewed single biomarkers may perfectly reveal all underlying mitochondrial dysfunction, combining biomarkers that cover different aspects of mitochondrial impairment probably is a good strategy. This biomarker panel may assist in the diagnosis of primary mitochondrial disease patients. As mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a significant role in the pathophysiology of multifactorial disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma, the panel may serve to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in complex multifactorial diseases as well and enable selection of patients who could benefit from therapies targeting mitochondria.
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ATF5, a putative therapeutic target for the mitochondrial DNA 3243A > G mutation-related disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:701. [PMID: 34262025 PMCID: PMC8280182 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G mutation is well-known to cause a variety of clinical phenotypes, including diabetes, deafness, and osteoporosis. Here, we report isolation and expansion of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) from patients carrying the m.3243A > G mutation, which demonstrate bimodal heteroplasmy. USCs with high levels of m.3243A > G mutation displayed abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function, as well as elevated ATF5-dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), together with reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osteogenic potentials. Knockdown of ATF5 in mutant USCs suppressed UPRmt, improved mitochondrial function, restored expression of GSK3B and WNT7B, and rescued osteogenic potentials. These results suggest that ATF5-dependent UPRmt could be a core disease mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and osteoporosis related to the m.3243A > G mutation, and therefore could be a novel putative therapeutic target for this genetic disorder.
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8
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Jiang Z, Teng L, Zhang S, Ding Y. Mitochondrial ND1 T4216C and ND2 C5178A mutations are associated with maternally transmitted diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 32:59-65. [PMID: 33284036 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1856101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are important causes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To investigate the association between mtDNA mutations/variants and diabetes, we reported here clinical, genetic and biochemical characterization of a Chinese pedigree with maternally transmitted T2DM. Using PCR and direct sequencing analysis of mitochondrial genomes from the matrilineal relatives, we identified two potential pathogenic mutations, m.T4216C (p.Y304H) and m.C5178A (p.L237M) in the ND1 and ND2 genes, respectively, together with a set of genetic polymorphisms belonging to the human mitochondrial haplogroup D4b. Moreover, by isolating and analyzing polymononuclear leukocytes generated from the T2DM patients and controls, we identified lower levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in T2DM patients than in the controls, in contrast, a significantly higher level of reactive oxygen species was observed in the T2DM patients carrying both of the m.T4216C and m.C5178A mutations (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, the plasma levels of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the T2DM patients markedly increased, while the level of superoxide dismutase decreased (p < 0.05 for all). Taken together, our data indicated that the ND1 T4216C and ND2 C5178A mutations may lead to oxidative stress and impair the mitochondrial function, and this, in turn, might have been involved in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM in this pedigree. Thus, our study provides novel insight into the pathophysiology of T2DM that is manifested by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Teng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Finsterer J. Energy requirements in m.3243A>G carriers depend on multiple factors. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:227-228. [PMID: 33047310 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Tarnopolsky MA, Kerkhof J, Stuart A, Bujak A, Nilsson MI, Hettinga B, May L, Rupar CA, Sadikovic B. Bone marrow-derived mitochondrial DNA has limited capacity for inter-tissue transfer in vivo. FASEB J 2020; 34:9297-9306. [PMID: 32441840 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000463r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be exchanged between tissues; however, the mechanism(s) behind this phenomenon remain unclear. Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) including microvesicles (MV) have been shown to contain mtDNA. EVs can be derived from a number of tissues; however, the source and relative proportion of EVs containing mtDNA remains unknown. We sampled whole blood and the EV fractions (exosome-enriched, MV-enriched, and apoptotic body-enriched) as well as several tissues (epithelial-cheek and urine sediment), connective (fibroblasts), and skeletal muscle in two subjects who received allogenic bone marrow transplants. Next generation sequencing of the mtDNA confirmed that all EV fractions contained mtDNA and most was derived from the donor, confirming that most of the EV fractions in the serum are bone marrow/blood cell-derived. Even after exposure to the donor mtDNA in EV fractions (and potentially free in the plasma) for years, there was little to no transfer of the donor mtDNA to the host mtDNA fraction in epithelial, connective, or skeletal muscle tissues. These data call into question the potential therapeutic use of bone marrow transplant or EV-based delivery systems for mtDNA-based disorders and establish bone marrow as the primary source of most of the mtDNA enriched EVs in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Stuart
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Bujak
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bart Hettinga
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Linda May
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C Anthony Rupar
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Rolling-Circle Replication in Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance: Scientific Evidence and Significance from Yeast to Human Cells. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050514. [PMID: 32384722 PMCID: PMC7288456 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of mitochondrial (mt)DNA replication, which forms the basis of mitochondrial inheritance, have demonstrated that a rolling-circle replication mode exists in yeasts and human cells. In yeast, rolling-circle mtDNA replication mediated by homologous recombination is the predominant pathway for replication of wild-type mtDNA. In human cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce rolling-circle replication to produce concatemers, linear tandem multimers linked by head-to-tail unit-sized mtDNA that promote restoration of homoplasmy from heteroplasmy. The event occurs ahead of mtDNA replication mechanisms observed in mammalian cells, especially under higher ROS load, as newly synthesized mtDNA is concatemeric in hydrogen peroxide-treated human cells. Rolling-circle replication holds promise for treatment of mtDNA heteroplasmy-attributed diseases, which are regarded as incurable. This review highlights the potential therapeutic value of rolling-circle mtDNA replication.
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Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Yan J, Li F, Geng X, Lu H, Wei X, Feng Y, Wang C, Jia W. De Novo Mutation of m.3243A>G together with m.16093T>C Associated with Atypical Clinical Features in a Pedigree with MIDD Syndrome. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5184647. [PMID: 31143779 PMCID: PMC6476128 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5184647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The syndrome of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is typically caused by the m.3243A>G mutation and widely considered maternally inherited. In our study, we aimed to investigate the heredity way of the m.3243A>G among pedigrees with MIDD and discover novel mitochondrial DNA mutations related to atypical clinical phenotypes. METHODS Heteroplasmy levels of the m.3243A>G mutation in peripheral blood, saliva, and urine sediment of 31 individuals from 10 unrelated pedigrees were measured by pyrosequencing. Clinical evaluations including endocrinological, audiological, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, mitochondrial function evaluation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing were performed among the spontaneous mutant pedigrees. RESULTS Among the 10 unrelated MIDD pedigrees, we found that the de novo m.3243A>G mutation occurred in the family 1957 (F1957). The proband (F1957-II-1) and her son (F1957-III-1) both manifested diabetes with mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and abnormal brain MRI, and F1957-III-1 also complained of severe nausea and vomiting. Mitochondrial function evaluation in PBMCs revealed an increased level of ROS generation and decreased levels of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in the two m.3243A>G carriers. Whole mtDNA sequencing also revealed a de novo heteroplasmic substitution at m.16093T>C in both the proband and her son. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that de novo m.3243A>G mutation accompanied by other point mutations may occur in the very early embryonic or germ cell stage without maternal inheritance, bringing about both typical and atypical clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jiang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jingbin Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, The Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health of China & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fengwen Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinqian Geng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoer Wei
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai 200233, China
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