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Kirkpatrick EC. Pulmonary Hypertension as a Complication of Pediatric Cancer. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211009094. [PMID: 33889681 PMCID: PMC8040614 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211009094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer is a life threatening disease known to create multi-organ complications that further compromise medical management affecting patient morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is becoming more recognized as a complication of cancer and its therapies but has not been well characterized in pediatrics. Cancer pathophysiology can be uniquely set up to promote pulmonary vascular injury and remodeling that is similar to PH patients without cancer. This highlights the need to evaluate for PH clinically and with routine testing such as echocardiography during the course of a patient's care even into adulthood. This review article will discuss the direct, indirect and therapy related aspects of cancer which can promote PH in these patients. This understanding is essential to target effective treatment options in a potentially fatal complication. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms are presented in relation to the most recent pediatric PH management guidelines.
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Kim YY, Wynn TT, Reith JD, Slayton WB, Lagmay J, Fort J, Rajderkar DA. Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma in the pediatric patient: Review of literature and a case report. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:1110-1114. [PMID: 32477441 PMCID: PMC7248585 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) is extremely rare in children. Nevertheless, distinguishing primary PAS from pulmonary embolism is critical to a child's survival. Primary PAS is commonly misdiagnosed as a pulmonary embolism due to similar presenting symptoms and radiographic findings. However, compared to adults, pulmonary embolism is rare in children, especially in patients who do not have predisposing factors or hypercoagulable state. We present a child with primary PAS which mimicked pulmonary embolism on presentation but eventually was resected and is doing well 5 years after resection. In the absence of predisposing factors or hypercoagulable state, solid tumors such as primary PAS should be considered when assessing a pediatric patient with presumed pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yean Kim
- National Cancer Institute, Pediatric Oncology Branch, 37 Convent Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tung Thanh Wynn
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John David Reith
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - William B Slayton
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joanne Lagmay
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John Fort
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Yeung DF, Johnston A, Simmons C, Goddard K, Dewar LR, Yee J, Kelliher E, Tsang MYC, Gin K, Jue J, Nair P, Lee PK, Tsang TSM. Multimodality imaging of a pulmonary artery sarcoma. Echocardiography 2017; 35:123-125. [PMID: 29178279 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. Here, we describe a patient with a pulmonary artery sarcoma, which was only subtly visible and therefore not fully appreciated on initial transthoracic echocardiogram. Characterization of the tumor was aided by the use of multimodality imaging that included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Familiarity with its appearance on multiple imaging modalities including echocardiography is important to ensure timely diagnosis, although the optimal treatment strategy is still unknown, and the prognosis remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin F Yeung
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Johnston
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Simmons
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Goddard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leith R Dewar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Yee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edel Kelliher
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Y C Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Gin
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Jue
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parvathy Nair
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pui-Kee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa S M Tsang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Worth a second look. A 49-year-old woman with progressive dyspnea. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016. [PMID: 26203610 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201502-072cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang X, Ren W, Yang J. Pedunculated Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma Suggested by Transthoracic Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2015; 33:647-51. [PMID: 26718742 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography; Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Echo Lab; The First Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Department of Ultrasonography; Shengjing Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jun Yang
- Echo Lab; The First Hospital; China Medical University; Shenyang China
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Hu G, Song F, Zhu X, Yang B, Liu Y, Liu Y. Coexistence of Primary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Right Ventricle and Absence of Right Pulmonary Artery. Echocardiography 2015; 32:1728-31. [PMID: 26178608 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the imaging features of a 48-year-old woman with primary sarcomatoid carcinoma originating from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and isolated absence of right pulmonary artery (RPA). Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) demonstrated the absence of RPA. Both transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and CTPA revealed multiple masses filling and obstructing the RVOT. A palliative operation was performed on the patient, and the postoperative histopathology and immunohistochemical examination confirmed primary sarcomatoid carcinoma originating from the RVOT. The operation also confirmed the absence of RPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Fang Song
- Department of Radiology, the Number Five People Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiangming Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Baiyu Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Fu B, Yu H, Yang J. Primary intimal (spindle cell) sarcoma of the left atrium. Echocardiography 2014; 32:192-4. [PMID: 25196496 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, ChengDu, China
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