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Stoičkov V, Radovanović D, Deljanin-Ilić M, Perišić Z, Pavlović M, Tasić I, Stoičkov I, Golubović M, Scanlan AT, Jakovljević V, Stojanović E. Sport-related differences in QT dispersion and echocardiographic parameters in male athletes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6770. [PMID: 37185606 PMCID: PMC10130053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare QT dispersion (QTd) and echocardiographic parameters in male athletes competing across different sports (long-distance running, volleyball, football, powerlifting, and bodybuilding) and a control population. Significant moderate-strong differences (p < 0.001, [Formula: see text] = 0.52-0.71) were found in corrected QTd, intraventricular septal wall thickness (ISWT), posterior wall thickness (PWT), relative wall thickness (RWT) and LV (left ventricular) index between groups. Corrected QTd, ISWT, PWT, and RWT were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in powerlifters and bodybuilders compared to other athlete groups and controls. While all athlete groups displayed a significantly higher LV index (p < 0.05) compared to controls, corrected QTd was significantly lower (p < 0.001) only in long-distance runners, volleyball athletes, and football athletes compared to controls. Normal or eccentric LV hypertrophy (LVH) was observed in most long-distance runners (58% and 33%), volleyball athletes (50% and 50%), and football athletes (56% and 41%). In contrast, concentric LVH was observed in most powerlifters (58%) and bodybuilders (54%). Advanced LVH, predominantly concentric in nature, appears to be accompanied with increased QTd in powerlifters and bodybuilders. On the other hand, runners, volleyball athletes, and football athletes experienced LVH toward the upper threshold of the normal reference range alongside reduced QTd compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stoičkov
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Niš, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Marina Deljanin-Ilić
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Niš, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Zoran Perišić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- Cardiovascular Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milan Pavlović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- Cardiovascular Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivan Tasić
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Niš, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Mlađan Golubović
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emilija Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Saunders AM, Jones RL, Richards J. Cardiac structure and function in resistance-trained and untrained adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:2191-2199. [PMID: 36399498 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2147658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Variations in the haemodynamic demands of specific training modalities may explain characteristic differences in cardiac structure and function amongst athletes. However, current consensus regarding these adaptations in highly resistance-trained athletes is yet to be established. The current invetsigation aimed to collate research investigating cardiac structure and function in resistance-trained athletes, exploring the defining characteristics of Athlete's Heart within these individuals. Seven electronic databases were searched. Studies which examined at least one measure of cardiac structure or function, included healthy, normotensive male or females (>18 years) and compared athletes engaged in a resistance training programme (>12 months) to an untrained group engaged in no structured training programme were included. Systematic selection and quality appraisal of articles was performed by two reviewers, with a random effects meta-analysis model applied to suitable studies. Studies were limited to orginal peer-reviewed articles published in English. Resistance-trained athletes (n = 949) demonstrated greater cardiac dimensions compared to their untrained counterparts (n = 1053). No clear impairments to systolic or diastolic cardiac function were observed in athletic population studied here. Resistance-trained athletes display some characteristics of the Athlete's Heart phenomenon, including greater wall thickening and chamber dilation compared to their untrained counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Saunders
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK.,Health Advancement Research Team (HART), School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Joanna Richards
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Gramacki A, Zembron-Lacny A. Pre-Existing Hypertension Is Related with Disproportions in T-Lymphocytes in Older Age. J Clin Med 2022; 11:291. [PMID: 35053985 PMCID: PMC8780569 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related immune deficiencies increase the risk of comorbidities and mortality. This study evaluated immunosenescence patterns by flow cytometry of naïve and memory T cell subpopulations and the immune risk profile (IRP), expressed as the CD4/CD8 ratio and IgG CMV related to comorbidities. The disproportions in naïve and memory T cells, as well as in the CD4/CD8 ratio, were analysed in 99 elderly individuals (71.9 ± 5.8 years) diagnosed with hypertension (n = 51) or without hypertension (n = 48), using an eight-parameter flow cytometer. The percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in hypertensive than other individuals independently from CMV infections, with approximately 34% having CD4/CD8 > 2.5, and only 4% of the elderly with hypertension having CD4/CD8 < 1. The elderly with a normal BMI demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5, while overweight and obese participants showed a tendency to an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio. CD4/CD8 ratio increased gradually with age and reached the highest values in participants aged >75 years. The decline in CD4+ naïve T lymphocytes was more prominent in IgG CMV+ men when compared to IgG CMV+ women. The changes in naïve and memory T lymphocyte population, CD4/CD8, and CMV seropositivity included in IRP are important markers of health status in the elderly that are dependent on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (A.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (A.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Artur Gramacki
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (A.T.); (B.M.)
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