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Russo E, Russo G, Cassese M, Braccio M, Carella M, Compagnucci P, Dello Russo A, Casella M. The Role of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for the Management of Functional Mitral Regurgitation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152407. [PMID: 35954250 PMCID: PMC9367730 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valve leaflets and chordae structurally normal characterize functional mitral regurgitation (FMR), which in heart failure (HF) setting results from an imbalance between closing and tethering forces secondary to alterations in the left ventricle (LV) and left atrium geometry. In this context, FMR impacts the quality of life and increases mortality. Despite multiple medical and surgical attempts to treat FMR, to date, there is no univocal treatment for many patients. The pathophysiology of FMR is highly complex and involves several underlying mechanisms. Left ventricle dyssynchrony may contribute to FMR onset and worsening and represents an important target for FMR management. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of FMR and review the potential therapeutic role of CRT, providing a comprehensive review of the available data coming from clinical studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cassese
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Braccio
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Scientific Research Department, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Compagnucci
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital ”Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi”, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital ”Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi”, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Hospital “Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi”, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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