1
|
Haughian B, Jone PN, Le L, Khoo NS, Colen T, Vetten Z, Eckersley L. Size and Function of the Right Atrium in Healthy Children by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography. Echocardiography 2024; 41:e15929. [PMID: 39387657 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Right atrial volume (RAV) and function have proven prognostic value in the assessment of cardiac disease and may be more accurately assessed using three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Normal 3DE reference values for the right atrial (RA) volume and function in healthy children have not yet been published. Furthermore, current methods of indexing cardiac measurements to body surface area (BSA) alone may be insufficient. We aimed to develop reference values for 3DE-derived RAV and function in the pediatric population, to provide a comparison of regression methods using BSA, height, weight, and sex, and to compare 3DE values to two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) derived volumes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 187 3DE datasets acquired for a multi-center study on healthy children at two international centers. 3DE volumes were measured with vendor-agnostic software (Tomtec), and 2DE endo-diastolic volume (EDV) using the area-length single-plane approach. Regression curve-fitting of height (Ht), weight (Wt), BSA, and sex were explored to optimize Pearson coefficient and homoscedasticity. RESULTS The relationship of 3DE RAVs to BSA alone was heteroscedastic, with a residual positive relationship on indexing (R2 = 0.2506). Optimal regression of Ln (Volume) = b0 + x*Ln (Ht) + y*Ln (Wt) + z*Sex was homoscedastic. Total RA emptying fraction (EF) did not vary across age or sex, however active and passive emptying was best fit by a spline curve with a knot at approximately BSA = 1 m2. Strong agreement with 2DE-derived EDV was present (r2 = 0.83). CONCLUSION We provide reference values for RA size and function in the pediatric population and provide a comparison of methods for indexing these values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Haughian
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pei-Ni Jone
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa Le
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nee Scze Khoo
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy Colen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zoe Vetten
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke Eckersley
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad A, Shigemitsu S, Termachi Y, Windram J, Khoo N, Colen T, Eckersley L. Comparing a knowledge-based 3D reconstruction algorithm to TomTec 3D echocardiogram algorithm in measuring left cardiac chamber volumes in the pediatric population. Echocardiography 2022; 39:1180-1189. [PMID: 36029116 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is an emerging method for volumetric cardiac measurements; however, few vendor-neutral analysis packages exist. Ventripoint Medical System Plus (VMS3.0+) proprietary software utilizes a validated Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) database of normal ventricular and atrial morphologies to calculate chamber volumes. This study aimed to compare left ventricular (LV) and atrial (LA) volumes obtained using VMS3.0+ to Tomtec echocardiography analysis software. METHODS Healthy controls (n = 98) aged 0-18 years were prospectively recruited and 3D DICOM datasets focused on the LV and LA acquired. LV and LA volumes and ejection fractions were measured using TomTec Image Arena 3D LV analysis package and using VMS3.0+. Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman's plots, and intraclass coefficients (ICC) were calculated, along with analysis time. RESULTS There was a very good correlation between Ventripoint Medical System (VMS) and Tomtec LV systolic (r2 = .88, ICC .89 [95% CI .81, .94]), and diastolic (r2 = .88, ICC .90 [95% CI .77, .95]) volumes, and between VMS and Tomtec LA diastolic (r2 = .75, ICC .89 [95% CI .81, .93]) and systolic (r2 = .88, ICC .91 [95% CI .78, .96]) volumes on linear regression models. Natural log transformations eliminated heteroscedasticity, and power transformations provided the best fit. The time (mins) to analyze volumes using VMS were less than using Tomtec (LV VMS 2.3 ± .5, Tomtec 3.3 ± .8, p < .001; LA: VMS 1.9 ± .4, Tomtec 3.4 ± 1.0, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS There was a very good correlation between knowledge-based (VMS3.0+) and 3D (Tomtec) algorithms when measuring 3D echocardiography-derived LA and LV volumes in pediatric patients. VMS was slightly faster than Tomtec in analyzing volumetric measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ahmad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sachie Shigemitsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yozo Termachi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Windram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nee Khoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim Colen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke Eckersley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|