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Morris ZS, Colbert MW, Rowe TB. Variation and Variability in Skeletal Ossification of the Gray Short-tailed Opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae024. [PMID: 39114377 PMCID: PMC11305135 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
By reconstructing and comparing the sequence of ontogenetic (embryonic development and post-natal growth) events across species, developmental biologists have gained unique insights into the key processes underlying the evolution of modern lineages and their extinct relatives. However, despite the importance of intraspecific variation to evolutionary transformation and lineage divergence, variation in the sequence of developmental events is seldom acknowledged. Thus, how much variation or variability should be expected during ontogeny remains poorly understood and it is an open question to what extent it impacts interspecific comparisons of developmental patterns. To address this crucial question, we studied the skeletal development of the important biomedical and developmental model organism, Monodelphis domestica. We investigated cranial, forelimb, and hindlimb elements using ontogenetic sequence analysis (OSA) to quantify and assess the full range of variation and variability in the sequence of ossification. Our study documented that previously unrecognized variation exists during M. domestica ontogeny-with over 5000 sequences for the full 92 event analysis. Further, OSA revealed unexpectedly high variability (i.e., the propensity to express variation) in the sequence of ossification for the skull and across the entire skeleton. Reconstructed modal sequences were generally in agreement with previously recognized patterns, including earlier ossification of the facial skeleton and a slight offset between forelimb and hindlimb development. However, the full range of variation shows that the majority of specimens in our analysis followed developmental trajectories distinct from those recovered by prior studies. This level of variation is quite remarkable and demonstrates the importance of assessing intraspecific ontogenetic variation. By quantifying sequence polymorphism and studying how developmental variation and variability differ among species, we can clarify more precisely how developmental patterns differ among species and gain insights into how ontogeny itself evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Morris
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - M W Colbert
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- University of Texas High‐Resolution X‐Ray CT Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - T B Rowe
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- University of Texas High‐Resolution X‐Ray CT Facility, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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2
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Riquelme-Guzmán C, Sandoval-Guzmán T. The salamander limb: a perfect model to understand imperfect integration during skeletal regeneration. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060152. [PMID: 38319134 PMCID: PMC10868587 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Limb regeneration in salamanders is achieved by a complex coordination of various biological processes and requires the proper integration of new tissue with old. Among the tissues found inside the limb, the skeleton is the most prominent component, which serves as a scaffold and provides support for locomotion in the animal. Throughout the years, researchers have studied the regeneration of the appendicular skeleton in salamanders both after limb amputation and as a result of fracture healing. The final outcome has been widely seen as a faithful re-establishment of the skeletal elements, characterised by a seamless integration into the mature tissue. The process of skeletal integration, however, is not well understood, and several works have recently provided evidence of commonly occurring flawed regenerates. In this Review, we take the reader on a journey through the course of bone formation and regeneration in salamanders, laying down a foundation for critically examining the mechanisms behind skeletal integration. Integration is a phenomenon that could be influenced at various steps of regeneration, and hence, we assess the current knowledge in the field and discuss how early events, such as tissue histolysis and patterning, influence the faithful regeneration of the appendicular skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Riquelme-Guzmán
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatiana Sandoval-Guzmán
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Lukas P. Embryonic pattern of cartilaginous head development in the European toad, Bufo bufo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2023; 340:437-454. [PMID: 37358281 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial skeleton of vertebrates is a major innovation of the whole clade. Its development and composition requires a precisely orchestrated sequence of chondrification events which lead to a fully functional skeleton. Sequential information on the precise timing and sequence of embryonic cartilaginous head development are available for a growing number of vertebrates. This enables a more and more comprehensive comparison of the evolutionary trends within and among different vertebrate clades. This comparison of sequential patterns of cartilage formation enables insights into the evolution of development of the cartilaginous head skeleton. The cartilaginous sequence of head formation of three basal anurans (Xenopus laevis, Bombina orientalis, Discoglossus scovazzi) was investigated so far. This study investigates the sequence and timing of larval cartilaginous development of the head skeleton from the appearance of mesenchymal Anlagen until the premetamorphic larvae in the neobatrachian species Bufo bufo. Clearing and staining, histology, and 3D reconstruction enabled the tracking of 75 cartilaginous structures and the illustration of the sequential changes of the skull as well as the identification of evolutionary trends of sequential cartilage formation in the anuran head. The anuran viscerocranium does not chondrify in the ancestral anterior to posterior direction and the neurocranial elements do not chondrify in posterior to anterior direction. Instead, the viscerocranial and neurocranial development is mosaic-like and differs greatly from the gnathostome sequence. Strict ancestral anterior to posterior developmental sequences can be observed within the branchial basket. Thus, this data is the basis for further comparative developmental studies of anuran skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lukas
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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4
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Shkil FN, Borisov V, Seleznev D, Kapitanova D, Abdissa B, Dzerzhinskii K, Smirnov S. Intra- and interspecific variability of the cranial ossification sequences in Barbus sensu lato. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang M, Zhu W, Wang B, Wang S, Chang L, Zhao T, Jiang J. Osteological development of a small and fast metamorphic frog, Microhyla fissipes (Anura, Neobatrachia, Microhylidae). J Anat 2021; 239:1318-1335. [PMID: 34268788 PMCID: PMC8602016 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Describing osteological development is of great importance for understanding vertebrate phenotypic variations, form-functional transitions and ecological adaptations. Anurans exhibit dramatic changes in their morphology, habitat preferences, diet and behaviour between the tadpole and frog stages. However, the anatomical details of their cranial and postcranial development have not been extensively studied, especially in Microhylidae. In this work, we studied the microhylid Microhyla fissipes, commonly known as the ornamented pygmy frog, a small-sized frog with fast metamorphosis. Its osteological development was comprehensively described based on 120 cleared and stained specimens, including six tadpoles for each stage between 28 and 45, six juveniles and six adults. Additionally, 22 osteological traits of these specimens involved in food acquisition, respiration, audition and locomotion were selected and measured to reflect the changes in tadpole ecological functions during metamorphosis. Our study provides the first detailed qualitative and quantitative developmental information about these structures. Our results have confirmed that skeletal elements (viz., neopalatines, omosternum, clavicles and procoracoids) absent in adults are not detected during development. Our data reveal that morphologically, radical transformations of the cranial structures related to feeding and breathing are completed within stages 42-45 (72 h), but the relative length and width of these skeletons have changed in earlier stages. The postcranial skeletons correlated with locomotion are well developed before stage 42 and approach the adult morphology at stage 45. Indeed, the relative length of the pectoral girdle and forelimb reaches the adult level at stage 42 and stage 45, respectively, whereas that of the vertebral column, pelvic girdle and hind limbs increases from their appearance until reaching adulthood. Based on published accounts of 19 species from Neobatrachia, Mesobatrachia and Archaeobatrachia, cranial elements are among the first ossified skeletons in most studied species, whereas sphenethmoids, neopalatines, quadratojugals, mentomeckelians, carpals and tarsals tend to ossify after metamorphosis. These results will help us to better understand the ecomorphological transformations of anurans from aquatic to terrestrial life. Meanwhile, detailed morphological and quantitative accounts of the osteological development of Microhyla fissipes will provide a foundation for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Shouhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
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6
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Paluh DJ, Riddell K, Early CM, Hantak MM, Jongsma GFM, Keeffe RM, Magalhães Silva F, Nielsen SV, Vallejo-Pareja MC, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC. Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution. eLife 2021; 10:e66926. [PMID: 34060471 PMCID: PMC8169120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth are present in most clades of vertebrates but have been lost completely several times in actinopterygian fishes and amniotes. Using phenotypic data collected from over 500 genera via micro-computed tomography, we provide the first rigorous assessment of the evolutionary history of dentition across all major lineages of amphibians. We demonstrate that dentition is invariably present in caecilians and salamanders, but teeth have been lost completely more than 20 times in frogs, a much higher occurrence of edentulism than in any other vertebrate group. The repeated loss of teeth in anurans is associated with a specialized diet of small invertebrate prey as well as shortening of the lower jaw, but it is not correlated with a reduction in body size. Frogs provide an unparalleled opportunity for investigating the molecular and developmental mechanisms of convergent tooth loss on a large phylogenetic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Paluh
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Karina Riddell
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Catherine M Early
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Biology Department, Science Museum of MinnesotaSaint PaulUnited States
| | - Maggie M Hantak
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Gregory FM Jongsma
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Rachel M Keeffe
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Fernanda Magalhães Silva
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Museu Paraense Emilio GoeldiBelémBrazil
| | - Stuart V Nielsen
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - María Camila Vallejo-Pareja
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
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Bardua C, Fabre AC, Clavel J, Bon M, Das K, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC, Goswami A. Size, microhabitat, and loss of larval feeding drive cranial diversification in frogs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2503. [PMID: 33947859 PMCID: PMC8096824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat is one of the most important factors shaping organismal morphology, but it may vary across life history stages. Ontogenetic shifts in ecology may introduce antagonistic selection that constrains adult phenotype, particularly with ecologically distinct developmental phases such as the free-living, feeding larval stage of many frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura). We test the relative influences of developmental and ecological factors on the diversification of adult skull morphology with a detailed analysis of 15 individual cranial regions across 173 anuran species, representing every extant family. Skull size, adult microhabitat, larval feeding, and ossification timing are all significant factors shaping aspects of cranial evolution in frogs, with late-ossifying elements showing the greatest disparity and fastest evolutionary rates. Size and microhabitat show the strongest effects on cranial shape, and we identify a "large size-wide skull" pattern of anuran, and possibly amphibian, evolutionary allometry. Fossorial and aquatic microhabitats occupy distinct regions of morphospace and display fast evolution and high disparity. Taxa with and without feeding larvae do not notably differ in cranial morphology. However, loss of an actively feeding larval stage is associated with higher evolutionary rates and disparity, suggesting that functional pressures experienced earlier in ontogeny significantly impact adult morphological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bardua
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Claire Fabre
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Clavel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Margot Bon
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Kalpana Das
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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8
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Rose CS. Amphibian Hormones, Calcium Physiology, Bone Weight, and Lung Use Call for a More Inclusive Approach to Understanding Ossification Sequence Evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.620971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeleton plays a huge role in understanding how vertebrate animals have diversified in phylogeny, ecology and behavior. Recent evo-devo research has used ossification sequences to compare skeletal development among major groups, to identify conserved and labile aspects of a sequence within a group, to derive ancestral and modal sequences, and to look for modularity based on embryonic origin and type of bone. However, questions remain about how to detect and order bone appearances, the adaptive significance of ossification sequences and their relationship to adult function, and the utility of categorizing bones by embryonic origin and type. Also, the singular focus on bone appearances and the omission of other tissues and behavioral, ecological and life history events limit the relevance of such analyses. Amphibians accentuate these concerns because of their highly specialized biphasic life histories and the exceptionally late timing, and high variability of their ossification sequences. Amphibians demonstrate a need for a whole-animal, whole-ontogeny approach that integrates the entire ossification process with physiology, behavior and ecology. I discuss evidence and hypotheses for how hormone mediation and calcium physiology might elicit non-adaptive variability in ossification sequence, and for adaptive strategies to partition larval habitats using bone to offset the buoyancy created by lung use. I also argue that understanding plasticity in ossification requires shifting focus away from embryonic development and adult function, and toward postembryonic mechanisms of regulating skeletal growth, especially ones that respond directly to midlife environments and behaviors.
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9
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Bardua C, Fabre A, Bon M, Das K, Stanley EL, Blackburn DC, Goswami A. Evolutionary integration of the frog cranium. Evolution 2020; 74:1200-1215. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bardua
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, and EnvironmentUniversity College London London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Anne‐Claire Fabre
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Margot Bon
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Kalpana Das
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und Biodiversitätsforschung Berlin 10115 Germany
| | - Edward L. Stanley
- Department of HerpetologyFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32610
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Department of Natural HistoryFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History Museum London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
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10
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Smirnov SV, Merkulova KM, Vassilieva AB. Skull development in the Iberian newt,
Pleurodeles waltl
(Salamandridae: Caudata: Amphibia): timing, sequence, variations, and thyroid hormone mediation of bone appearance. J Anat 2020; 237:543-555. [DOI: 10.1111/joa.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Smirnov
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Ksenia M. Merkulova
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Anna B. Vassilieva
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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11
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DeLaurier A, Alvarez CL, Wiggins KJ. hdac4 mediates perichondral ossification and pharyngeal skeleton development in the zebrafish. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6167. [PMID: 30643696 PMCID: PMC6329341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic factors that function to repress gene transcription by removing acetyl groups from the N-terminal of histone lysines. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a class IIa HDAC, has previously been shown to regulate the process of endochondral ossification in mice via repression of Myocyte enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C), a transcriptional activator of Runx2, which in turn promotes chondrocyte maturation and production of bone by osteoblasts. Methods & Materials In this study, we generated two zebrafish lines with mutations in hdac4 using CRISPR/Cas9 and analyzed mutants for skeletal phenotypes and expression of genes known to be affected by Hdac4 expression. Results Lines have insertions causing a frameshift in a proximal exon of hdac4 and a premature stop codon. Mutations are predicted to result in aberrant protein sequence and a truncated protein, eliminating the Mef2c binding domain and Hdac domain. Zygotic mutants from two separate lines show a significant increase in ossification of pharyngeal ceratohyal cartilages at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). At 4 dpf, mutant larvae have a significant increase of expression of runx2a and runx2b in the ceratohyal cartilage (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). A subset of maternal-zygotic (mz) mutant and heterozygote larvae (40%) have dramatically increased ossification at 7 dpf compared to zygotic mutants, including formation of a premature anguloarticular bone and mineralization of the first and second ceratobranchial cartilages and symplectic cartilages, which normally does not occur until fish are approximately 10 or 12 dpf. Some maternal-zygotic mutants and heterozygotes show loss of pharyngeal first arch elements (25.9% and 10.2%, respectively) and neurocranium defects (30.8% and 15.2%, respectively). Analysis of RNA-seq mRNA transcript levels and in situ hybridizations from zygotic stages to 75–90% epiboly indicates that hdac4 is highly expressed in early embryos, but diminishes by late epiboly, becoming expressed again in larval stages. Discussion Loss of function of hdac4 in zebrafish is associated with increased expression of runx2a and runx2b targets indicating that a role for hdac4 in zebrafish is to repress activation of ossification of cartilage. These findings are consistent with observations of precocious cartilage ossification in Hdac4 mutant mice, demonstrating that the function of Hdac4 in skeletal development is conserved among vertebrates. Expression of hdac4 mRNA in embryos younger than 256–512 cells indicates that there is a maternal contribution of hdac4 to the early embryo. The increase in ossification and profound loss of first pharyngeal arch elements and anterior neurocranium in a subset of maternal-zygotic mutant and heterozygote larvae suggests that maternal hdac4 functions in cartilage ossification and development of cranial neural crest-derived structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- April DeLaurier
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina-Aiken, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Lizzet Alvarez
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina-Aiken, Aiken, SC, United States of America
| | - Kali J Wiggins
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of South Carolina-Aiken, Aiken, SC, United States of America
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Arenas-Rodríguez A, Rubiano Vargas JF, Hoyos JM. Comparative description and ossification patterns of Dendropsophus labialis (Peters, 1863) and Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1758) (Anura: Hylidae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4525. [PMID: 29892498 PMCID: PMC5994159 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although comparative studies of anuran ontogeny have provided new data on heterochrony in the life cycles of frogs, most of them have not included ossification sequences. Using differential staining techniques, we observe and describe differences and similarities of cranial and postcranial development in two hylid species, Scinax ruber (Scinaxinae) and Dendropsophus labialis (Hylinae), providing new data of ontogenetic studies in these Colombian species. We examined tadpoles raining from Gosner Stages 25 to 45. We found differences between species in the infrarostral and suprarostral cartilages, optic foramen, planum ethmoidale, and gill apparatus. In both species, the first elements to ossify were the atlas and transverse processes of the vertebral column and the parasphenoid. Both species exhibited suprascapular processes as described in other hylids. Although the hylids comprise a large group (over 700 species), postcranial ossification sequence is only known for 15 species. Therefore, the descriptions of the skeletal development and ossification sequences provided herein will be useful for future analyses of heterochrony in the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Arenas-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias, UNESIS (Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática), Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Julio Mario Hoyos
- Facultad de Ciencias, UNESIS (Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática), Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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13
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Danielson SC, Sheil CA. Patterns of chondrification and ossification in the skull of Graptemys pseudogeographica
, the false map turtle (Emydidae). J Morphol 2017; 278:1739-1753. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C. Danielson
- Department of Biology; John Carroll Univeristy, University Heights; Ohio
- The Holden Arboretum, 9500 Sperry Road; Kirtland Ohio
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14
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Vassilieva AB. Heterochronies in the cranial development of Asian tree frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) with different life histories. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2017; 473:50-52. [PMID: 28508201 DOI: 10.1134/s001249661702003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of bony skull was studied in four species of Asian tree frogs (Rhacophoridae) with different life histories: biphasic development with free larval stage and direct development. In biphasic rhacophorids the sequence of the appearance of cranial bones generally followed the generalized pattern of craniogenesis, which was described for most studied anurans. In contrast, direct-developing species displayed some heterochronies in the formation of skull bones, namely, the accelerated formation of the anlagen of jaw and suspensorium bones. The obtained results support that the embryonization in amphibians is regularly accompanied by a heterochronic repatterning of craniogenesis, rather similar in different phyletic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Vassilieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technology Center, Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Gómez RO, Regueira E, O’Donohoe MA, Hermida GN. Delayed osteogenesis and calcification in a large true toad with a comparative survey of the timing of skeletal ossification in anurans. ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Carril J, Tambussi CP. Skeletogenesis ofMyiopsitta monachus(Psittaciformes) and sequence heterochronies in Aves. Evol Dev 2016; 19:17-28. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Carril
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Cátedra de Histología y Embriología; Calle 60 y 118 s/n (1900) La Plata Argentina
| | - Claudia P. Tambussi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales, Vélez Sarsfield 1611; Ciudad Universitaria (5016) Córdoba Argentina
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17
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Jirikowski GJ, Wolff C, Richter S. Evolution of eumalacostracan development-new insights into loss and reacquisition of larval stages revealed by heterochrony analysis. EvoDevo 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 25973168 PMCID: PMC4429915 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within Malacostraca (Crustacea), direct development and development through diverse forms of larvae are found. Recent investigations suggest that larva-related developmental features have undergone heterochronic evolution in Malacostraca. In the light of current phylogenetic hypotheses, the free-swimming nauplius larva was lost in the lineage leading to Malacostraca and evolved convergently in the malacostracan groups Dendrobranchiata and Euphausiacea. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of eumalacostracan (Malacostraca without Phyllocarida) development with regard to early appendage morphogenesis, muscle and central nervous system development, and determine the heterochronic transformations involved in changes of ontogenetic mode. RESULTS Timing of 33 developmental events from the different tissues was analyzed for six eumalacostracan species (material for Euphausiacea was not available) and one outgroup, using a modified version of Parsimov-based genetic inference (PGi). Our results confirm previous suggestions that the event sequence of nauplius larva development is partly retained in embryogenesis of those species which do not develop such a larva. The ontogenetic mode involving a nauplius larva was likely replaced by direct development in the malacostracan stem lineage. Secondary evolution of the nauplius larva of Dendrobranchiata from this ancestral condition, involved only a very small number of heterochronies, despite the drastic change of life history. In the lineage leading to Peracarida, timing patterns of nauplius-related development were lost. Throughout eumalacostracan evolution, events related to epidermal and neural tissue development were clearly less affected by heterochrony than events related to muscle development. CONCLUSIONS Weak integration between mesodermal and ectodermal development may have allowed timing in muscle formation to be altered independently of ectodermal development. We conclude that heterochrony in muscle development played a crucial role in evolutionary loss and secondary evolution of a nauplius larva in Malacostraca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Joseph Jirikowski
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carsten Wolff
- />Institut für Biologie, Vergleichende Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 2, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
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18
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Lambertz M, Perry SF. Remarks on the evolution of the avian sternum, dinosaur gastralia, and their functional significance for the respiratory apparatus. ZOOL ANZ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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20
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Sheil CA, Jorgensen M, Tulenko F, Harrington S. Variation in timing of ossification affects inferred heterochrony of cranial bones in Lissamphibia. Evol Dev 2014; 16:292-305. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Jorgensen
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH 44118
- M172 Medical Sciences Building, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences; University of Missouri School of Medicine; Columbia MO 65212
| | - Frank Tulenko
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH 44118
- Kennesaw State University; Kennesaw GA 30144
| | - Sean Harrington
- Department of Biology; John Carroll University; University Heights OH 44118
- Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego CA 92182
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21
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Laurin M. Assessment of modularity in the urodele skull: An exploratory analysis using ossification sequence data. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:567-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Laurin
- Sorbonne Universités, CR2P, CNRS/MNHN/UPMC; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
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22
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Ziermann JM, Mitgutsch C, Olsson L. Analyzing developmental sequences with Parsimov--a case study of cranial muscle development in anuran larvae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:586-606. [PMID: 24692269 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parsimov is a parsimony-based method for identifying the minimum number of heterochronic event-shifts on all branches of a given phylogenetic framework to explain the developmental sequences seen in the species investigated, and has been used to investigate the evolution of developmental sequences in various animal groups. However, the biological interpretation of the results is difficult not least because Parsimov uses non-independent data resulting from event-pairing as the basis for its analyses. To test the applicability of Parsimov to a large data set, larval cranial muscle development was studied in 15 anurans, three caudates and the Australian lungfish. We analyzed the developmental sequences with Parsimov to investigate: if there are (1) heterochronies on deep branches of a cladogram indicating changes in the ancestral sequences, (2) heterochronies that can be related to larval life-history, and (3) the sensitivity of the analysis to different underlying cladograms. We discovered general patterns of cranial muscle development, such as an anterior-to-posterior gradient, an outside-in pattern and a tendency for cranial muscles to develop from their region of origin toward their insertion. We found most heterochronies on terminal branches and only a few shifts on deep branches in the cladograms indicating changes in the ancestral sequences. No changes could be related to larval life-history. The underlying cladogram clearly influenced the outcome of the analysis. We propose that Parsimov has the potential, combined with other methods, to find evolutionary important changes and to aid the biological interpretation of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Ziermann
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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Shearman RM, Maglia AM. Osteological development of Cope's Gray Treefrog,Hyla chrysoscelis. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Shearman
- Department of Biology; Framingham State University; 100 State St. Framingham MA 01701 USA
| | - Anne M. Maglia
- Department of Biology; Framingham State University; 100 State St. Framingham MA 01701 USA
- Division of Biological Infrastructure; Rm 615; US National Science Foundation; 4201 Wilson Blvd Arlington VA 22230 USA
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