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Jónsdóttir GÓ, von Elm LM, Ingimarsson F, Tersigni S, Snorrason SS, Pálsson A, Steele SE. Diversity in the internal functional feeding elements of sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300359. [PMID: 38771821 PMCID: PMC11108142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity of functional feeding anatomy is particularly impressive in fishes and correlates with various interspecific ecological specializations. Intraspecific polymorphism can manifest in divergent feeding morphology and ecology, often along a benthic-pelagic axis. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a freshwater salmonid known for morphological variation and sympatric polymorphism and in Lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland, four morphs of charr coexist that differ in preferred prey, behaviour, habitat use, and external feeding morphology. We studied variation in six upper and lower jaw bones in adults of these four morphs using geometric morphometrics and univariate statistics. We tested for allometric differences in bone size and shape among morphs, morph effects on bone size and shape, and divergence along the benthic-pelagic axis. We also examined the degree of integration between bone pairs. We found differences in bone size between pelagic and benthic morphs for two bones (dentary and premaxilla). There was clear bone shape divergence along a benthic-pelagic axis in four bones (dentary, articular-angular, premaxilla and maxilla), as well as allometric shape differences between morphs in the dentary. Notably for the dentary, morph explained more shape variation than bone size. Comparatively, benthic morphs possess a compact and taller dentary, with shorter dentary palate, consistent with visible (but less prominent) differences in external morphology. As these morphs emerged in the last 10,000 years, these results indicate rapid functional evolution of specific feeding structures in arctic charr. This sets the stage for studies of the genetics and development of rapid and parallel craniofacial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura-Marie von Elm
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Samuel Tersigni
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Arnar Pálsson
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Steele
- Institute of Life- and Environmental Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
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Kong S, Zhou Z, Zhou T, Zhao J, Chen L, Lin H, Pu F, Ke Q, Bai H, Xu P. Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Shape-Related Traits in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:631-643. [PMID: 32666363 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most important cultured marine fish on the southeast coast of China. Its body shape is important for the aquaculture industry since it affects the behavior such as swimming, ingesting, and evading, as well as customer preference. Due to the greater consumer demand of small head, slender body large yellow croaker, selecting and breeding of slender individuals with the assistance of genetic markers will benefit the industry quickly. In this study, several traits were employed to represent body shape, including body depth/body length (BD/BL), body thickness/body length (BT/BL), caudal peduncle depth/caudal peduncle length (CPDLR), tail length/body length (TL/BL), and body area/head area (BA/HA). Genome-wide association study was conducted with a panmictic population of 280 individuals to identify SNP and genes potentially associated with body shape. A set of 20 SNPs on 12 chromosomes were identified to be significantly associated with body shape-related traits. Besides, 5 SNPs were identified to be suggestive associated with CPDLR and BT/BL. Surrounding these SNPs, we found some body shape-related candidate genes, including fabp1, acrv1, bcor, mstn, bambi, and neo1, which involved in lipid metabolism, TGF-β signaling, and BMP pathway and other important regulatory pathways. These results will be useful for the understanding of the genetic basis of body shape formation and helpful for body shape controlling of large yellow croaker by using marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huanling Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaqiang Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352103, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Galindo D, Sweet E, DeLeon Z, Wagner M, DeLeon A, Carter C, McMenamin SK, Cooper WJ. Thyroid hormone modulation during zebrafish development recapitulates evolved diversity in danionin jaw protrusion mechanics. Evol Dev 2019; 21:231-246. [PMID: 31374588 PMCID: PMC6815664 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protrusile jaws are a highly useful innovation that has been linked to extensive diversification in fish feeding ecology. Jaw protrusion can enhance the performance of multiple functions, such as suction production and capturing elusive prey. Identifying the developmental factors that alter protrusion ability will improve our understanding of fish diversification. In the zebrafish protrusion arises postmetamorphosis. Fish metamorphosis typically includes significant changes in trophic morphology, accompanies a shift in feeding niche and coincides with increased thyroid hormone production. We tested whether thyroid hormone affects the development of zebrafish feeding mechanics. We found that it affected all developmental stages examined, but that effects were most pronounced after metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone levels affected the development of jaw morphology, feeding mechanics, shape variation, and cranial ossification. Adult zebrafish utilize protrusile jaws, but an absence of thyroid hormone impaired development of the premaxillary bone, which is critical to jaw protrusion. Premaxillae from early juvenile zebrafish and hypothyroid adult zebrafish resemble those from adults in the genera Danionella, Devario, and Microdevario that show little to no jaw protrusion. Our findings suggest that evolutionary changes in how the developing skulls of danionin minnows respond to thyroid hormone may have promoted diversification into different feeding niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Galindo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Elly Sweet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Zoey DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mitchel Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Adrian DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Casey Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - W. James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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