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Al-Sharabi N, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Shanbhag S, Kampleitner C, Elnour R, Yamada S, Rana N, Birkeland E, Tangl S, Gruber R, Mustafa K. Osteogenic human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles regulate MSC activity and osteogenic differentiation and promote bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:33. [PMID: 38321490 PMCID: PMC10848378 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the paracrine mechanisms of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Little is known, however, about the influence of microenvironmental stimuli on the osteogenic effects of EVs. This study aimed to investigate the properties and functions of EVs derived from undifferentiated hMSC (Naïve-EVs) and hMSC during the early stage of osteogenesis (Osteo-EVs). A further aim was to assess the osteoinductive potential of Osteo-EVs for bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects. METHODS EVs from both groups were isolated using size-exclusion chromatography and characterized by size distribution, morphology, flow cytometry analysis and proteome profiling. The effects of EVs (10 µg/ml) on the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of cultured hMSC were evaluated. Osteo-EVs (50 µg) or serum-free medium (SFM, control) were combined with collagen membrane scaffold (MEM) to repair critical-sized calvarial bone defects in male Lewis rats and the efficacy was assessed using µCT, histology and histomorphometry. RESULTS Although Osteo- and Naïve-EVs have similar characteristics, proteomic analysis revealed an enrichment of bone-related proteins in Osteo-EVs. Both groups enhance cultured hMSC proliferation and migration, but Osteo-EVs demonstrate greater efficacy in promoting in vitro osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and higher calcium deposition. In rat calvarial defects, MEM with Osteo-EVs led to greater and more consistent bone regeneration than MEM loaded with SFM. CONCLUSIONS This study discloses differences in the protein profile and functional effects of EVs obtained from naïve hMSC and hMSC during the early stage of osteogenesis, using different methods. The significant protein profile and cellular function of EVs derived from hMSC during the early stage of osteogenesis were further verified by a calvarial bone defect model, emphasizing the importance of using differentiated MSC to produce EVs for bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Al-Sharabi
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carina Kampleitner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rammah Elnour
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Neha Rana
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR), University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
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Shanbhag S, Al-Sharabi N, Mohamed-Ahmed S, Gruber R, Kristoffersen EK, Mustafa K. Brief communication: Effects of conditioned media from human platelet lysate cultured MSC on osteogenic cell differentiation in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:969275. [PMID: 36246352 PMCID: PMC9556861 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.969275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Culturing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in human platelet lysate (HPL) supplemented media can enhance their osteogenic differentiation potential. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that conditioned media (CM) derived from HPL-cultured MSC also have pro-osteogenic effects. Pooled CM was prepared from HPL-cultured human bone marrow MSC (BMSC) of multiple donors and applied on BMSC of different donors (than those used for CM preparation), with or without additional supplementation [HPL, fetal bovine serum (FBS)] and osteogenic stimulation. At various time-points, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenic gene expression and in vitro mineralization were assessed. BMSC in standard unstimulated growth media served as controls. After 3–7 days, CM alone did not promote BMSC proliferation or ALP activity; supplementation of CM with HPL slightly improved these effects. After 2 and 7 days, CM alone, but not CM supplemented with HPL, promoted osteogenic gene expression. After 14 days, only CM supplemented with FBS and osteogenic stimulants supported in vitro BMSC mineralization; CM alone and CM supplemented with HPL did not support mineralization, regardless of osteogenic stimulation. In summary, CM from HPL-cultured BMSC promoted osteogenic gene expression but not in vitro mineralization in allogeneic BMSC even when supplemented with HPL and/or osteogenic stimulants. Future studies should investigate the role and relevance of supplementation and osteogenic induction in in vitro assays using CM from MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Translational Oral Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Siddharth Shanbhag,
| | - Niyaz Al-Sharabi
- Center for Translational Oral Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Samih Mohamed-Ahmed
- Center for Translational Oral Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Einar K. Kristoffersen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Center for Translational Oral Research, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Periodontal Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:377-397. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Conditioned Medium from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restored Oxidative Stress-Related Impaired Osteogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413458. [PMID: 34948255 PMCID: PMC8706339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress from high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to various bone diseases. Previous studies indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) secrete bioactive factors (conditioned medium (MSC-CM)) that have antioxidant effects. However, the antioxidant role of MSC-CM on osteogenesis has not been fully studied. We aimed to identify antioxidant proteins in MSC-CM using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and to explore their effects on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our analysis revealed that MSC-CM is comprised of antioxidant proteins that are involved in several biological processes, including negative regulation of apoptosis and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Then, hBMSC exposed to H2O2 were treated with MSC-CM, and the effects on their osteogenic differentiation were evaluated. MSC-CM restored H2O2-induced damage to hBMSC by increasing the antioxidant enzyme-SOD production and the mRNA expression level of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2. A decrease in ROS production and cellular apoptosis was also shown. MSC-CM also modulated mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, runt-related transcription factor 2, collagen type I, bone morphogenic protein 2, and osteopontin. Furthermore, collagen type I protein secretion, alkaline phosphatase activity, and in vitro mineralization were increased. These results indicate that MSC-CM contains several proteins with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties that restored the impaired hBMSC osteogenic differentiation associated with oxidative stress.
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Chew JRJ, Tan BL, Lu JX, Tong HJ, Duggal MS. Cell-Based Therapy for Tooth Replantation Following Avulsion: A Systematic Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:351-363. [PMID: 33593127 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The management of avulsed teeth undergoing delayed replantation remains a clinical challenge as there are currently no effective interventions that can improve periodontal healing and prevent replacement root resorption. While several preclinical studies have reported varied success using cell-based tissue engineering to improve periodontal healing, a consensus is required before further clinical translation. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to evaluate the efficacy of cell-based therapy in promoting periodontal healing following delayed replantation in animal models. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase were searched on September 27, 2020. Ten studies involving rodent and dog models met the inclusion criteria. Cell sources included gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), bone marrow, and adipose tissues. Generally, cell-based therapy had increased the proportion of root surfaces displaying periodontal healing and concomitantly reduced the proportion presenting with replacement root resorption and ankylosis. The best outcomes were observed following treatment with PDL-derived cells of various potency. Future preclinical studies will benefit from adopting measures to minimize bias during the conduct of animal experiments and the standardization of the outcome measures reporting. This will facilitate future reviews with possible pooling of results in the form of meta-analyses, allowing a consensus to be obtained from the literature. In addition, further research will be required to shed light on the implications of using allogeneic cells as well as the optimization of cell delivery protocols. The findings of this systematic review demonstrated the therapeutic potential of certain cell-based therapies in promoting periodontal healing following delayed replantation, thus highlighting their prospective clinical benefits and translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ren Jie Chew
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bing Liang Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacinta Xiaotong Lu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Ji LL, Song G, Jiang LM, Liu Y, Ding ZJ, Zhuang XY, Chen X. Evaluation of conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a storage medium for avulsed teeth: An in vitro study. Dent Traumatol 2020; 37:73-80. [PMID: 32794607 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The viability of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface is a major factor that influences the healing of replanted teeth. A suitable storage medium is necessary to preserve avulsed teeth before replantation. Conditioned medium from placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC-CM) contains a variety of growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSC-CM as a storage medium to maintain the cell viability of avulsed teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extracted premolars from healthy humans were randomly stored in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and PMSC-CM for 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, at room temperature, and then the ratio of apoptosis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was identified by flow cytometry. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were incubated with HBSS and PMSC-CM, respectively, for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Then, the cell viability of PDLSCs was determined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and a cell cycle assay was performed. RESULTS The apoptosis rate of PDL cells in PMSC-CM was significantly lower than that in HBSS at 24 hours (P < .001), while the two groups showed similar cell apoptosis rates at 6 and 12 hours (P > .05). The cell proliferation of PDLSCs treated with PMSC-CM significantly increased compared with the HBSS group (P < .05). The cell cycle assay revealed that the PDLSCs treated with HBSS were arrested at the G1 phase, while there was no difference between the PMSC-CM group and the control group (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with HBSS, PMSC-CM showed better inhibition of apoptosis of PDL cells and promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs. Thus, PMSC-CM could be a promising storage medium for avulsed teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Ji
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Ming Jiang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Ding
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhuang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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