1
|
Rogers E, Gresswell M, Durrant S. The relationship between sleep and suicidality in schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:291-303. [PMID: 37879227 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) have significantly higher rates of suicidal thoughts, attempts, and death by suicide in comparison to the general population. Sleep disturbances (reduced duration, timing and quality of sleep) are risk factors for suicidality in the general population, with research indicating the relationship is both immediate and accumulative. Sleep disturbances are also considered to be implicated in the onset and exacerbation of psychotic symptoms in SSDs. Reducing the risk of suicidality in SSDs remains an important public health priority, thus exploration of contributing risk factors is warranted. Sleep monitoring may also offer an adjunct risk monitoring method to suicidality assessments in SSDs, and a potential treatment target for psychotic symptoms. This review aimed to explore proximal and longitudinal relationships between self-reported and objectively measured sleep and suicidality in SSDs and other psychotic disorders. A comprehensive search of four databases was conducted. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria (10 cross sectional and 1 longitudinal). Narrative synthesis indicated that self-reported sleep disturbances and sleep disorders (e.g. insomnia) were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempt. However, one study employing polysomnography did not find sleep to be associated with suicidality. Methodological limitations of the evidence base include: i) little experimental or longitudinal evidence, (ii) self-report and/or single item assessment of sleep disturbance, (iii) limited use of validated measures of suicidality, (iv) considerable research in long-term schizophrenia but sparse evidence in early psychosis. Future research should explore (i) cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between specific aspects of suicidality and objective sleep parameters, (ii) use qualitative or mixed-methods designs to disentangle the nuances and bidirectionality in the sleep-suicide relationship, (iii) explore the psychological processes underpinning or mediating the sleep-suicide relationship in SSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rogers
- Xu Yafen Building, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, NG8 1BB, United Kingdom; Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Duncan Macmillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham, NG3 6AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Gresswell
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Sarah Swift Building Brayford Wharf East, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Durrant
- School of Psychology, Sarah Swift Building Brayford Wharf East, University of Lincoln, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kolc KL, Tan YXK, Lo AZY, Shvetcov A, Mitchell PB, Perkes IE. Measuring psychiatric symptoms online: A systematic review of the use of inventories on Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:118-126. [PMID: 37209617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Symptom measurement in psychiatric research increasingly uses digitized self-report inventories and is turning to crowdsourcing platforms for recruitment, e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). The impact of digitizing pencil-and-paper inventories on the psychometric properties is underexplored in mental health research. Against this background, numerous studies report high prevalence estimates of psychiatric symptoms in mTurk samples. Here we develop a framework to evaluate the online implementation of psychiatric symptom inventories relative to two domains, that is, the adherence to (i) validated scoring and (ii) standardized administration. We apply this new framework to the online use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Our systematic review of the literature identified 36 implementations of these three inventories on mTurk across 27 publications. We also evaluated methodological approaches to enhance data quality, e.g., the use of bot detection and attention check items. Of the 36 implementations, 23 reported the applied diagnostic scoring criteria and only 18 reported the specified symptom timeframe. None of the 36 implementations reported adaptations made in their digitization of the inventories. While recent reports attribute higher rates of mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders on mTurk to data quality, our findings indicate that this inflation may also relate to the assessment methods. We provide recommendations to enhance both data quality and fidelity to validated administration and scoring methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Kolc
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yue Xuan Karen Tan
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alys Z Y Lo
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Artur Shvetcov
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iain E Perkes
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychological Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091713. [PMID: 36141325 PMCID: PMC9498563 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized since the 1960s that the etiology of schizophrenia is linked to dopamine. In the intervening 60 years, sophisticated brain imaging techniques, genetic/epigenetic advances, and new experimental animal models of schizophrenia have transformed schizophrenia research. The disease is now conceptualized as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder expressed phenotypically in four symptom domains: positive, negative, cognitive, and affective. The aim of this paper is threefold: (a) to review recent research into schizophrenia etiology, (b) to review papers that elicited subjective evidence from patients as to triggers and repressors of symptoms such as auditory hallucinations or paranoid thoughts, and (c) to address the potential role of dopamine in schizophrenia in general and, in particular, in the fluctuations in schizophrenia symptoms. The review also includes new discoveries in schizophrenia research, pointing to the involvement of both striatal neurons and glia, signaling pathway convergence, and the role of stress. It also addresses potential therapeutic implications. We conclude with the hope that this paper opens up novel avenues of research and new possibilities for treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Basic self-disturbance trajectories in clinical high risk for psychosis: a one-year follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1007-1019. [PMID: 34783878 PMCID: PMC9388413 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basic self-disturbance (BSD) has been proposed as a driver of symptom development in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). In a one-year follow-up of 32 patients (15-30 years) at putative risk for psychosis, we investigated trajectories of BSD levels from baseline to follow-up, and associations between clinical characteristics at baseline and follow-up, including follow-up levels of BSD (assessed with the EASE). Clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis status and symptom severity were assessed with the SIPS/SOPS scales and also according to the cognitive basic symptoms high-risk criteria (COGDIS). DSM-IV diagnoses, functioning and other clinical characteristics were assessed with standard clinical instruments. Higher severity of negative symptoms and meeting COGDIS criteria at baseline were associated with higher BSD levels at follow-up. All measured at follow-up, higher BSD levels correlated with higher severity of positive, negative, disorganization and general symptoms, and with a lower level of global functioning. We found higher BSD levels at follow-up in subjects with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) at baseline (n = 5) and in SSDs at follow-up (n = 12, including nine with SPD). Mean BSD levels decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up, but individual trajectories varied considerably. Increased BSD levels were associated with higher baseline BSD levels, non-remission of positive symptoms and functional decline. Overall, the current study indicates that subgroups in the CHR population with a higher risk of non-remission or deterioration may be identified by supplementing CHR criteria with assessment of BSD and negative symptoms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fekih-Romdhane F, Hallit S, Cheour M, Jahrami H. The nature, consequences, mechanisms, and management of sleep disturbances in individuals at-risk for psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1011963. [PMID: 36203842 PMCID: PMC9530454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1011963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that sleep disturbances are commonly experienced by people with psychosis. Evidence has also shown that sleep disturbances are present since the very early stages of the disease, even during the pre-diagnostic phase. More recently, research involving young individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis documented frequent occurrence of sleep disturbances in this group. The very early onset of sleep disturbances in the course of psychosis has drawn attention to the possible links between sleep parameters and the risk of psychosis. To date, the nature of sleep disturbances characterizing the UHR stage remains unclear, with available studies having yielded mixed findings. In this regard, we performed this review to update the body of literature on the nature of sleep disturbances, their underlying mechanisms, their clinical and functional consequences, the prevention and intervention strategies in the at-risk for psychosis population. Our findings provided further support to the presence of disturbed sleep in UHR individuals as evidenced by subjective and objective sleep measures such as polysomnography, sleep electroencephalograms, and actigraphy. Reviewing the possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between sleep and psychosis emphasized its complex and multifactorial nature which is yet to be determined and understood. Further research is warranted to determine which facets of sleep disturbances are most detrimental to this specific population, and to what extent they can be causal factors or markers of psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alherz M, Almusawi H, Alsayegh A. Diglossia Correlates With Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis Among First-Generation Migrants. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac066. [PMID: 39144785 PMCID: PMC11205960 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis We have previously hypothesized that diglossia may be a risk factor for psychosis, drawing from observations on migration, ethnicity, social adversity, and language disturbances among others. However, empirical data on this association and the tools necessary for its measurement are limited. Study Design In a cross-sectional online sample of first-generation migrants residing in majority English-speaking countries, a response-based decision tree was introduced to classify the sociolinguistic profiles of 1497 participants as either with or without diglossia. Using multivariate logistic regression, the association of diglossia with psychosis risk screening outcomes in the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 was calculated, adjusting for demographic and linguistic confounders. Differences in the symptom categories endorsed between the 2 groups were also examined. Study Results Diglossia was identified in 18.4% of participants and was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.58 for a positive risk screening outcome. Other significant factors included subjective social status, hearing difficulty, age, sex, country of residence, education level, and cannabis consumption. The effects of ethnicity, age at migration, fluency, relationship, and employment status were no more significant in the multivariate model. Finally, the largest differences in the proportion of positively responding participants between the two groups were found in symptoms relating to thought insertion and thought broadcasting. Conclusions In a sociolinguistic hierarchical framework, diglossia is correlated with prodromal symptoms of psychosis in first-generation migrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alherz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Asimah, Kuwait
- Department of Surgery, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Hashemiah Almusawi
- Department of Special Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Ammar Alsayegh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Asimah, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zaks N, Velikonja T, Parvaz MA, Zinberg J, Done M, Mathalon DH, Addington J, Cadenhead K, Cannon T, Cornblatt B, McGlashan T, Perkins D, Stone WS, Tsuang M, Walker E, Woods SW, Keshavan MS, Buysse DJ, Velthorst E, Bearden CE. Sleep Disturbance in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:111-121. [PMID: 34536012 PMCID: PMC8781348 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disturbed sleep is a common feature of psychotic disorders that is also present in the clinical high risk (CHR) state. Evidence suggests a potential role of sleep disturbance in symptom progression, yet the interrelationship between sleep and CHR symptoms remains to be determined. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the association between disturbed sleep and CHR symptoms over time. METHODS Data were obtained from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS)-3 consortium, including 688 CHR individuals and 94 controls (mean age 18.25, 46% female) for whom sleep was tracked prospectively for 8 months. We used Cox regression analyses to investigate whether sleep disturbances predicted conversion to psychosis up to >2 years later. With regressions and cross-lagged panel models, we analyzed longitudinal and bidirectional associations between sleep (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in conjunction with additional sleep items) and CHR symptoms. We also investigated the independent contribution of individual sleep characteristics on CHR symptom domains separately and explored whether cognitive impairments, stress, depression, and psychotropic medication affected the associations. RESULTS Disturbed sleep at baseline did not predict conversion to psychosis. However, sleep disturbance was strongly correlated with heightened CHR symptoms over time. Depression accounted for half of the association between sleep and symptoms. Importantly, sleep was a significant predictor of CHR symptoms but not vice versa, although bidirectional effect sizes were similar. DISCUSSION The critical role of sleep disturbance in CHR symptom changes suggests that sleep may be a promising intervention target to moderate outcome in the CHR state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zaks
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Tjasa Velikonja
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA,Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Muhammad A Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Zinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monica Done
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Health Care System,University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyrone Cannon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barbara Cornblatt
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Thomas McGlashan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA,Seaver Center of Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; A7-460 Semel Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; tel: 310-206-2983, fax: 310-794-9517, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|