1
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Oji Y, Kagawa N, Arita H, Naka N, Hamada KI, Outani H, Shintani Y, Takeda Y, Morii E, Shimazu K, Suzuki M, Nishida S, Nakata J, Tsuboi A, Iwai M, Hayashi S, Imanishi R, Ikejima S, Kanegae M, Iwamoto M, Ikeda M, Yagi K, Shimokado H, Nakajima H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto S, Fujiki F, Nagahara A, Tanemura A, Ueda Y, Mizushima T, Ohmi M, Ishida T, Fujimoto M, Nonomura N, Kimura T, Inohara H, Okada S, Kishima H, Hosen N, Kumanogoh A, Oka Y, Sugiyama H. WT1 Trio Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine for Rare Cancers Expressing Shared Target WT1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020393. [PMID: 36672344 PMCID: PMC9857088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
No standard treatment has been established for most rare cancers. Here, we report a clinical trial of a biweekly WT1 tri-peptide-based vaccine for recurrent or advanced rare cancers. Due to the insufficient number of patients available for a traditional clinical trial, the trial was designed for rare cancers expressing shared target molecule WT1. The recruitment criteria included WT1-expressing tumors as well as HLA-A*24:02 or 02:01. The primary endpoints were immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) production against the WT1-235 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reactions to targeted WT1 CTL epitopes. The secondary endpoints were safety and clinical efficacy. Forty-five patients received WT1 Trio, and 25 (55.6%) completed the 3-month protocol treatment. WT1-235 IgG Ab was positive in 88.0% of patients treated with WT1 Trio at 3 months, significantly higher than 62.5% of the weekly WT1-235 CTL peptide vaccine. The DTH positivity rate in WT1 Trio was 62.9%, which was not significantly different from 60.7% in the WT1-235 CTL peptide vaccine. The WT1 Trio safety was confirmed without severe treatment-related adverse events, except grade 3 myasthenia gravis-like symptoms observed in a patient with thymic cancer. Fifteen (33.3%) patients achieved stable disease after 3 months of treatment. In conclusion, the biweekly WT1 Trio vaccine containing the WT1-332 helper T lymphocyte peptide induced more robust immune responses targeting WT1 than the weekly WT1-235 CTL peptide vaccine. Therefore, WT1-targeted immunotherapy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6879-2597
| | - Naoki Kagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Arita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nachikatsuura Town Onsen Hospital, Nachikatsuura, Wakayama 649-5331, Japan
| | | | - Hidetatsu Outani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Strategic Global Partnership & X-Innovation Initiative Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University & Osaka University Hospital, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Iwai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sae Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rin Imanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ikejima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kanegae
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayu Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kento Yagi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruka Shimokado
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Masato Ohmi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Classic and Current Opinions in Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Cureus 2022; 14:e30982. [PMID: 36337306 PMCID: PMC9624478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft tolerance is a pathophysiological condition heavily reliant on the dynamic interaction of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genetic polymorphism determines immune responses to tissue/organ transplantation, and intricate humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms control these responses. In transplantation, the clinician's goal is to achieve a delicate equilibrium between the allogeneic immune response, undesired effects of the immunosuppressive drugs, and the existing morbidities that are potentially life-threatening. Transplant immunopathology involves sensitization, effector, and apoptosis phases which recruit and engages immunological cells like natural killer cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Similarly, these cells are involved in the transfer of normal or genetically engineered T cells. Advances in tissue transplantation would involve a profound knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the respective immunopathology involved and the design of precision medicines that are safe and effective.
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3
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Santambrogio L. Molecular Determinants Regulating the Plasticity of the MHC Class II Immunopeptidome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878271. [PMID: 35651601 PMCID: PMC9148998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, advancement in the analysis of the MHC class II (MHC-II) ligandome in several mouse and human haplotypes has increased our understanding of the molecular components that regulate the range and selection of the MHC-II presented peptides, from MHC class II molecule polymorphisms to the recognition of different conformers, functional differences in endosomal processing along the endocytic tract, and the interplay between the MHC class II chaperones DM and DO. The sum of all these variables contributes, qualitatively and quantitatively, to the composition of the MHC II ligandome, altogether ensuring that the immunopeptidome landscape is highly sensitive to any changes in the composition of the intra- and extracellular proteome for a comprehensive survey of the microenvironment for MHC II presentation to CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santambrogio
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura Santambrogio,
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4
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Wennhold K, Thelen M, Lehmann J, Schran S, Preugszat E, Garcia-Marquez M, Lechner A, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Ercanoglu MS, Klein F, Thangarajah F, Eidt S, Löser H, Bruns C, Quaas A, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Schlößer HA. CD86 + Antigen-Presenting B Cells Are Increased in Cancer, Localize in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures, and Induce Specific T-cell Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1098-1108. [PMID: 34155067 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of B cells in antitumor immunity and their impact on emerging immunotherapies is increasingly gaining attention. B-cell effector functions include not only secretion of antibodies, but also presentation of antigens to T cells. A physiologic B-cell subset with immunostimulatory properties was described in humans, defined by a high expression of CD86 and downregulation of CD21. We used multicolor flow cytometry and IHC to elucidate abundance and spatial distribution of these antigen-presenting B cells (BAPC) in blood (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC) and tumor samples of 237 patients with cancer. Antigen-specific T-cell responses to cancer testis antigens were determined using tetramer staining and sorted BAPCs in FluoroSpot assays for selected patients. We found that BAPCs were increased in the tumor microenvironment of 9 of 10 analyzed cancer types with site-specific variation. BAPCs were not increased in renal cell carcinoma, whereas we found a systemic increase with elevated fractions in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PBMCs of patients with colorectal cancer and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. BAPCs were localized in lymphoid follicles of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and were enriched in tumors with increased numbers of TLSs. BAPCs isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with cancer showed increased percentages of tumor antigen-specific B cells and induced responses of autologous T cells in vitro. Our results highlight the relevance of BAPCs as professional antigen-presenting cells in tumor immunity and provide a mechanistic rationale for the observed correlation of B-cell abundance and response to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wennhold
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Thelen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Lehmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Schran
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ella Preugszat
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Garcia-Marquez
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Lechner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen
- Department I for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Meryem S Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabinshy Thangarajah
- Department of Gynecology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eidt
- Institute of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Löser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans A Schlößer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Martinez GP, Zabaleta ME, Di Giulio C, Charris JE, Mijares MR. The Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Immune Regulation and Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4467-4485. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200707132920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of the heterocyclic aromatic compound
quinoline. These economical compounds have been used as antimalarial agents for many years. Currently,
they are used as monotherapy or in conjunction with other therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and antiphospholipid
antibody syndrome (APS). Based on its effects on the modulation of the autophagy process, various
clinical studies suggest that CQ and HCQ could be used in combination with other chemotherapeutics for the
treatment of various types of cancer. Furthermore, the antiviral effects showed against Zika, Chikungunya, and
HIV are due to the annulation of endosomal/lysosomal acidification. Recently, CQ and HCQ were approved for
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of infected patients with the coronavirus SARSCoV-
2, causing the disease originated in December 2019, namely COVID-2019. Several mechanisms have been
proposed to explain the pharmacological effects of these drugs: 1) disruption of lysosomal and endosomal pH, 2)
inhibition of protein secretion/expression, 3) inhibition of antigen presentation, 4) decrease of proinflammatory
cytokines, 5) inhibition of autophagy, 6) induction of apoptosis and 7) inhibition of ion channels activation. Thus,
evidence has shown that these structures are leading molecules that can be modified or combined with other
therapeutic agents. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings in the mechanisms of action of CQ and
HCQ in the immune system, and the use of these antimalarial drugs on diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gricelis P. Martinez
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Mercedes E. Zabaleta
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Camilo Di Giulio
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Jaime E. Charris
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, 47206, Los Chaguaramos 1041-A, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Michael R. Mijares
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 50109, Los Chaguaramos 1050-A, Caracas, Venezuela
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6
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Pretreatment of Glioblastoma with Bortezomib Potentiates Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity through TRAIL/DR5 Mediated Apoptosis and Prolongs Animal Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070996. [PMID: 31319548 PMCID: PMC6678126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are potential effectors in anti-cancer immunotherapy; however only a subset potently kills cancer cells. Here, we examined whether pretreatment of glioblastoma (GBM) with the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BTZ), might sensitize tumour cells to NK cell lysis by inducing stress antigens recognized by NK-activating receptors. Methods: Combination immunotherapy of NK cells with BTZ was studied in vitro against GBM cells and in a GBM-bearing mouse model. Tumour cells were derived from primary GBMs and NK cells from donors or patients. Flow cytometry was used for viability/cytotoxicity evaluation as well as in vitro and ex vivo phenotyping. We performed a Seahorse assay to assess oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial function, Luminex ELISA to determine NK cell secretion, protein chemistry and LC-MS/MS to detect BTZ in brain tissue. MRI was used to monitor therapeutic efficacy in mice orthotopically implanted with GBM spheroids. Results: NK cells released IFNγ, perforin and granzyme A cytolytic granules upon recognition of stress-ligand expressing GBM cells, disrupted mitochondrial function and killed 24-46% of cells by apoptosis. Pretreatment with BTZ further increased stress-ligands, induced TRAIL-R2 expression and enhanced GBM lysis to 33-76% through augmented IFNγ release (p < 0.05). Blocking NKG2D, TRAIL and TRAIL-R2 rescued GBM cells treated with BTZ from NK cells, p = 0.01. Adoptively transferred autologous NK-cells persisted in vivo (p < 0.05), diminished tumour proliferation and prolonged survival alone (Log Rank10.19, p = 0.0014, 95%CI 0.252-0.523) or when combined with BTZ (Log Rank5.25, p = 0.0219, 95%CI 0.295-0.408), or either compared to vehicle controls (median 98 vs. 68 days and 80 vs. 68 days, respectively). BTZ crossed the blood-brain barrier, attenuated proteasomal activity in vivo (p < 0.0001; p < 0.01 compared to vehicle control or NK cells only, respectively) and diminished tumour angiogenesis to promote survival compared to vehicle-treated controls (Log Rank6.57, p = 0.0104, 95%CI 0.284-0.424, median 83 vs. 68 days). However, NK ablation with anti-asialo-GM1 abrogated the therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions: NK cells alone or in combination with BTZ inhibit tumour growth, but the scheduling of BTZ in vivo requires further investigation to maximize its contribution to the efficacy of the combination regimen.
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7
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Eisel D, Das K, Dickes E, König R, Osen W, Eichmüller SB. Cognate Interaction With CD4 + T Cells Instructs Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Acquire M1-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 30853959 PMCID: PMC6395406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) established by tumor cells, stromal cells and inhibitory immune cells counteracts the function of tumor reactive T cells. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) showing functional plasticity contribute to this process as so called M2-like macrophages can suppress the function of effector T cells and promote their differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, tumor antigen specific CD4+ T effector cells can essentially sustain anti-tumoral immune responses as shown for various tumor entities, thus suggesting that cognate interaction between tumor antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells and TAMs might shift the intra-tumoral M1/M2 ratio toward M1. This study demonstrates repolarization of M2-like PECs upon MHC II-restricted interaction with tumor specific CD4+ Th1 cells in vitro as shown by extensive gene and protein expression analyses. Moreover, adoptive transfer of OVA-specific OT-II cells into C57BL/6 mice bearing OVA expressing IAb−/− tumors resulted in increased accumulation of M1-like TAMs with enhanced M1 associated gene and protein expression profiles. Thus, this paper highlights a so far underestimated function of the CD4+ Th1/TAM axis in re-conditioning the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisel
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krishna Das
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Biosciences Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Virology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Dickes
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Wennhold K, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. B Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 46:36-46. [PMID: 31244580 PMCID: PMC6558332 DOI: 10.1159/000496166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are not only producers of antibodies, but also contribute to immune regulation or act as potent antigen-presenting cells. The potential of B cells for cellular therapy is still largely underestimated, despite their multiple diverse effector functions. The CD40L/CD40 signaling pathway is the most potent activator of antigen presentation capacity in B lymphocytes. CD40-activated B cells are potent antigen-presenting cells that induce specific T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. In preclinical cancer models in mice and dogs, CD40-activated B cell-based cancer immunotherapy was able to induce effective antitumor immunity. So far, there have been only few early-stage clinical studies involving B cell-based cancer vaccines. These trials indicate that B cell-based immunotherapy is generally safe and associated with little toxicity. Furthermore, these studies suggest that B-cell immunotherapy can elicit antitumor T-cell responses. Alongside the recent advances in cellular therapies in general, major obstacles for generation of good manufacturing practice-manufactured B-cell immunotherapies have been overcome. Thus, a first clinical trial involving CD40-activated B cells might be in reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wennhold
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Gene Center Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Liu M, Sun Q, Wang J, Wei F, Yang L, Ren X. A new perspective: Exploring future therapeutic strategies for cancer by understanding the dual role of B lymphocytes in tumor immunity. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2909-2917. [PMID: 30183084 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous understanding of the role of B lymphocytes in tumor immunity is its antitumor effects. However, further evidence indicates B lymphocytes can also promote tumorigenesis by modulating immune responses. Therefore, the increasingly complex role of B lymphocytes in tumor immunity may become an important factor in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we describe the development of B cells in tumor microenvironments. We then focus on the most controversial issues of the biological functions of B lymphocytes. Finally, we nominate B cells as therapeutic targets, which should open broad perspectives for the development of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Grp94 in complexes with IgG is a soluble diagnostic marker of gastrointestinal tumors and displays immune-stimulating activity on peripheral blood immune cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72923-72940. [PMID: 27662661 PMCID: PMC5341954 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein94 (Grp94), the most represented endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident heat shock protein (HSP), is a tumor antigen shared by different types of solid and hematological tumors. The tumor-specific feature of Grp94 is its translocation from the ER to the cell surface where it displays pro-oncogenic functions. This un-physiological location has important implications for both the tumor pathology and anti-tumor therapy. We wanted to address the question of whether Grp94 could be measured as liquid marker in cancer patients in order to make predictions of diagnostic and therapeutic relevance for the tumor. To this aim, we performed an in-depth investigation on patients with primary tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, using different methodological approaches to detect Grp94 in tumor tissues, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results indicate that Grp94 is not only the antigen highly expressed in any tumor tissue and in cells of tumor infiltrates, mostly B lymphocytes, but it is also found in the circulation. However, the only form in which Grp94 was detected in the plasma of any patients and in B lymphocytes induced to proliferate, was that of stable complexes with Immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Using a specific immune-enzyme assay to measure plasma Grp94-IgG complexes, we showed that Grp94-IgG complexes were significantly increased in cancer patients compared to healthy control subjects, serving as diagnostic tumor biomarker. Results also demonstrate that the stimulation of patient PBMCs with Grp94-IgG complexes led to an increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines that might drive a potentially beneficial anti-tumor effect.
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Evolving Insights for MHC Class II Antigen Processing and Presentation in Health and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Chiaruttini G, Mele S, Opzoomer J, Crescioli S, Ilieva KM, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. B cells and the humoral response in melanoma: The overlooked players of the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1294296. [PMID: 28507802 PMCID: PMC5414880 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1294296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of tumor-resident mature B cell and antibody compartments and reports of associations with favorable prognosis in malignant melanoma suggest that humoral immunity could participate in antitumor defense. Likely striving to confer immunological protection while being subjected to tumor-promoting immune tolerance, B cells may engender multiple functions, including antigen processing and presentation, cytokine-mediated signaling, antibody class switching, expression and secretion. We review key evidence in support of multifaceted immunological mechanisms by which B cells may counter or contribute to malignant melanoma, and we discuss their potential translational implications. Dissecting the contributions of tumor-associated humoral responses can inform future treatment avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiaruttini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - James Opzoomer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
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