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Schott BH, Soch J, Kizilirmak JM, Schütze H, Assmann A, Maass A, Ziegler G, Sauvage M, Richter A. Inhibitory temporo-parietal effective connectivity is associated with explicit memory performance in older adults. iScience 2023; 26:107765. [PMID: 37744028 PMCID: PMC10514462 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful explicit memory encoding is associated with inferior temporal activations and medial parietal deactivations, which are attenuated in aging. Here we used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of functional magnetic resonance imaging data to elucidate effective connectivity patterns between hippocampus, parahippocampal place area (PPA), and precuneus during encoding of novel visual scenes. In 117 young adults, DCM revealed pronounced activating input from the PPA to the hippocampus and inhibitory connectivity from the PPA to the precuneus during novelty processing, with both being enhanced during successful encoding. This pattern could be replicated in two cohorts (N = 141 and 148) of young and older adults. In both cohorts, older adults selectively exhibited attenuated inhibitory PPA-precuneus connectivity, which correlated negatively with memory performance. Our results provide insight into the network dynamics underlying explicit memory encoding and suggest that age-related differences in memory-related network activity are, at least partly, attributable to altered temporo-parietal neocortical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn H. Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin M. Kizilirmak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Neurodidactics and NeuroLab, Institute for Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schütze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Assmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C) Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Johnson TD, Keefe KR, Rangel LM. Stimulation-induced entrainment of hippocampal network activity: Identifying optimal input frequencies. Hippocampus 2023; 33:85-95. [PMID: 36624658 PMCID: PMC10068596 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus contains rich oscillatory activity, with continuous ebbs and flows of rhythmic currents that constrain its ability to integrate inputs. During associative learning, the hippocampus must integrate inputs from a range of sources carrying information about events and the contexts in which they occur. Under these circumstances, temporal coordination of activity between sender and receiver is likely essential for successful communication. Previously, it has been shown that the coordination of rhythmic activity between the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and the CA1 region of the hippocampus is tightly correlated with the onset of learning in an associative learning task. We aimed to examine whether rhythmic inputs from the LEC in specific frequency ranges were sufficient to enhance the temporal coordination of activity in downstream CA1. In urethane-anesthetized rats, we applied extracellular low-intensity alternating current stimulation across the length of the LEC. Using this method, we aimed to phase-bias ongoing neuronal activity in LEC at a range of different frequencies (from 1.25 to 55 Hz). Rhythmic stimulation of LEC at both 35 and 50 Hz increased the proportion of CA1 neurons significantly entrained to the phase of the applied stimulation current. A subset of stimulation frequencies modified CA1 spiking relationships to the phase of local ongoing CA1 oscillations, with each stimulation frequency exerting a unique influence upon downstream CA1, often in frequency ranges outside the target stimulation frequency. These results suggest there are optimal frequencies for LEC-CA1 communication, and that different profiles of LEC rhythms likely have distinct outcomes upon CA1 processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teryn D Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Lara M Rangel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Lesion of the hippocampus selectively enhances LEC's activity during recognition memory based on familiarity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19085. [PMID: 34580354 PMCID: PMC8476609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of familiarity for events is crucial for successful recognition memory. However, the neural substrate and mechanisms supporting familiarity remain unclear. A major controversy in memory research is whether the parahippocampal areas, especially the lateral entorhinal (LEC) and the perirhinal (PER) cortices, support familiarity or whether the hippocampus (HIP) does. In addition, it is unclear if LEC, PER and HIP interact within this frame. Here, we especially investigate if LEC and PER's contribution to familiarity depends on hippocampal integrity. To do so, we compare LEC and PER neural activity between rats with intact hippocampus performing on a human to rat translational task relying on both recollection and familiarity and rats with hippocampal lesions that have been shown to then rely on familiarity to perform the same task. Using high resolution Immediate Early Gene imaging, we report that hippocampal lesions enhance activity in LEC during familiarity judgments but not PER’s. These findings suggest that different mechanisms support familiarity in LEC and PER and led to the hypothesis that HIP might exert a tonic inhibition on LEC during recognition memory that is released when HIP is compromised, possibly constituting a compensatory mechanism in aging and amnesic patients.
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4
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Ameen-Ali KE, Sivakumaran MH, Eacott MJ, O'Connor AR, Ainge JA, Easton A. Perirhinal cortex and the recognition of relative familiarity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 182:107439. [PMID: 33862223 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous object recognition (SOR) is a widely used task of recognition memory in rodents which relies on their propensity to explore novel (or relatively novel) objects. Network models typically define perirhinal cortex as a region required for recognition of previously seen objects largely based on findings that lesions or inactivations of this area produce SOR deficits. However, relatively little is understood about the relationship between the activity of cells in the perirhinal cortex that signal novelty and familiarity and the behavioural responses of animals in the SOR task. Previous studies have used objects that are either highly familiar or absolutely novel, but everyday memory is for objects that sit on a spectrum of familiarity which includes objects that have been seen only a few times, or objects that are similar to objects which have been previously experienced. We present two studies that explore cellular activity (through c-fos imaging) within perirhinal cortex of rats performing SOR where the familiarity of objects has been manipulated. Despite robust recognition memory performance, we show no significant changes in perirhinal activity related to the level of familiarity of the objects. Reasons for this lack of familiarity-related modulation in perirhinal cortex activity are discussed. The current findings support emerging evidence that perirhinal responses to novelty are complex and that task demands are critical to the involvement of perirhinal cortex in the control of object recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar E Ameen-Ali
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK; Department of Psychology, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Madeline J Eacott
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Akira R O'Connor
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - James A Ainge
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Alexander Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK
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5
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The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:373-407. [PMID: 32298711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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6
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Robakiewicz I, Polak M, Rawska M, Alberski D, Polowy R, Wytrychiewicz K, Syperek M, Matysiak J, Filipkowski RK. Stimulus-seeking in rats is accompanied by increased c-Fos expression in hippocampal CA1 as well as short 22 kHz and flat 50 kHz calls. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2019. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Tao J, Liu J, Liu W, Huang J, Xue X, Chen X, Wu J, Zheng G, Chen B, Li M, Sun S, Jorgenson K, Lang C, Hu K, Chen S, Chen L, Kong J. Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin Increase Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: A Brain Imaging Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:389-400. [PMID: 28869478 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate and compare how 12-weeks of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin exercise can modulate brain structure and memory function in older adults. Magnetic resonance imaging and memory function measurements (Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese revised, WMS-CR) were applied at both the beginning and end of the study. Results showed that both Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin could significantly increase grey matter volume (GMV) in the insula, medial temporal lobe, and putamen after 12-weeks of exercise. No significant differences were observed in GMV between the Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin groups. We also found that compared to healthy controls, Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin significantly improved visual reproduction subscores on the WMS-CR. Baduanjin also improved mental control, recognition, touch, and comprehension memory subscores of the WMS-CR compared to the control group. Memory quotient and visual reproduction subscores were both associated with GMV increases in the putamen and hippocampus. Our results demonstrate the potential of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin exercise for the prevention of memory deficits in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiehua Xue
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China.,Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangli Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jinsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bai Chen
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sharon Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Jorgenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanjia Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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8
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Belblidia H, Leger M, Abdelmalek A, Quiedeville A, Calocer F, Boulouard M, Jozet-Alves C, Freret T, Schumann-Bard P. Characterizing age-related decline of recognition memory and brain activation profile in mice. Exp Gerontol 2018. [PMID: 29524468 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is one of the earlier deficits occurring during normal aging in humans. The question of spatial versus non-spatial sensitivity to age-related memory decline is of importance for a full understanding of these changes. Here, we characterized the effect of normal aging on both non-spatial (object) and spatial (object location) memory performances as well as on associated neuronal activation in mice. Novel-object (NOR) and object-location (OLR) recognition tests, respectively assessing the identity and spatial features of object memory, were examined at different ages. We show that memory performances in both tests were altered by aging as early as 15 months of age: NOR memory was partially impaired whereas OLR memory was found to be fully disrupted at 15 months of age. Brain activation profiles were assessed for both tests using immunohistochemical detection of c-Fos (neuronal activation marker) in 3and 15 month-old mice. Normal performances in NOR task by 3 month-old mice were associated to an activation of the hippocampus and a trend towards an activation in the perirhinal cortex, in a way that did significantly differ with 15 month-old mice. During OLR task, brain activation took place in the hippocampus in 3 month-old but not significantly in 15 month-old mice, which were fully impaired at this task. These differential alterations of the object- and object-location recognition memory may be linked to differential alteration of the neuronal networks supporting these tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Belblidia
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, Département de biologie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria; Université M'hamed Bougara UMBB, Faculté des Sciences, 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Marianne Leger
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Abdelouadoud Abdelmalek
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, Département de biologie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria
| | - Anne Quiedeville
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Floriane Calocer
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | | | - Thomas Freret
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Schumann-Bard
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France.
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9
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Etherington LA, Mihalik B, Pálvölgyi A, Ling I, Pallagi K, Kertész S, Varga P, Gunn BG, Brown AR, Livesey MR, Monteiro O, Belelli D, Barkóczy J, Spedding M, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA, Lambert JJ. Selective inhibition of extra-synaptic α5-GABA A receptors by S44819, a new therapeutic agent. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:353-364. [PMID: 28807671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate neuronal inhibition and are important therapeutic targets. GABAARs are composed of 5 subunits, drawn from 19 proteins, underpinning expression of 20-30 GABAAR subtypes. In the CNS these isoforms are heterogeneously expressed and exhibit distinct physiological and pharmacological properties. We report the discovery of S44819, a novel tricyclic oxazolo-2,3-benzodiazepine-derivative, that selectively inhibits α5-subunit-containing GABAARs (α5-GABAARs). Current α5-GABAAR inhibitors bind to the "benzodiazepine site". However, in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant α5-GABAARs, S44819 had no effect on 3H-flumazenil binding, but displaced the GABAAR agonist 3H-muscimol and competitively inhibited the GABA-induced responses. Importantly, we reveal that the α5-subunit selectivity is uniquely governed by amino acid residues within the α-subunit F-loop, a region associated with GABA binding. In mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons, S44819 enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP), blocked a tonic current mediated by extrasynaptic α5-GABAARs, but had no effect on synaptic GABAARs. In mouse thalamic neurons, S44819 had no effect on the tonic current mediated by δ-GABAARs, or on synaptic (α1β2γ2) GABAARs. In rats, S44819 enhanced object recognition memory and reversed scopolamine-induced impairment of working memory in the eight-arm radial maze. In conclusion, S44819 is a first in class compound that uniquely acts as a potent, competitive, selective antagonist of recombinant and native α5-GABAARs. Consequently, S44819 enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and exhibits pro-cognitive efficacy. Given this profile, S44819 may improve cognitive function in neurodegenerative disorders and facilitate post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-An Etherington
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Balázs Mihalik
- Biotalentum Kft, Gödöllő, Aulich Lajos u. 26, 2100, Hungary
| | | | - István Ling
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H1106, Budapest, Pf.100, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Varga
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H1106, Budapest, Pf.100, Hungary
| | - Ben G Gunn
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam R Brown
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Olivia Monteiro
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Michael Spedding
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, 78290, France
| | | | | | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK.
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10
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Atucha E, Karew A, Kitsukawa T, Sauvage MM. Recognition memory: Cellular evidence of a massive contribution of the LEC to familiarity and a lack of involvement of the hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1083-1092. [PMID: 28667695 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A highly debated issue in memory research is whether familiarity is supported by the parahippocampal region, especially the lateral (LEC) and the perirhinal (PER) cortices, or whether it is supported by the same brain structure as recollection: the hippocampus. One reason for this is that conflicting results have emerged regarding the contribution of the hippocampus to familiarity. This might stem from the lack of dissociation between hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3 as these areas are involved to a different extent in processes which are pertinent to familiarity. Another reason is that empirical evidence for a contribution of the LEC is still missing. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the superficial and the deep layers of the LEC would equally contribute to this process as these layers are differentially recruited during memory retrieval which partly relies on familiarity. To identify the specific contribution of the LEC, CA1, and CA3, we imaged with cellular resolution activity in the brain of rats performing a version of a standard human memory task adapted to rats that yields judgments based on familiarity. Using this translational approach, we report that in striking contrast to CA1 and CA3, the LEC is recruited for familiarity-judgments and that its contribution is comparable to that of the PER. These results show for the first time that the LEC, specifically its deep layers, contributes to familiarity and constitute the first cellular evidence that the hippocampus does not, thus establishing that familiarity does not share the same neural substrate as recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Atucha
- Mercator Research Group, Functional Architecture of Memory Unit, Ruhr-University, Bochum, 44780, Germany.,Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany
| | - Artem Karew
- Mercator Research Group, Functional Architecture of Memory Unit, Ruhr-University, Bochum, 44780, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena M Sauvage
- Mercator Research Group, Functional Architecture of Memory Unit, Ruhr-University, Bochum, 44780, Germany.,Functional Architecture of Memory Department, Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Functional Neuroplasticity Department, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.,Otto von Guericke University, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
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11
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Functional organization of the medial temporal lobe memory system following neonatal hippocampal lesion in rhesus monkeys. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3899-3914. [PMID: 28488186 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal damage in adult humans impairs episodic and semantic memory, whereas hippocampal damage early in life impairs episodic memory but leaves semantic learning relatively preserved. We have previously shown a similar behavioral dissociation in nonhuman primates. Hippocampal lesion in adult monkeys prevents allocentric spatial relational learning, whereas spatial learning persists following neonatal lesion. Here, we quantified the number of cells expressing the immediate-early gene c-fos, a marker of neuronal activity, to characterize the functional organization of the medial temporal lobe memory system following neonatal hippocampal lesion. Ninety minutes before brain collection, three control and four adult monkeys with bilateral neonatal hippocampal lesions explored a novel environment to activate brain structures involved in spatial learning. Three other adult monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions remained in their housing quarters. In unlesioned monkeys, we found high levels of c-fos expression in the intermediate and caudal regions of the entorhinal cortex, and in the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and retrosplenial cortices. In lesioned monkeys, spatial exploration induced an increase in c-fos expression in the intermediate field of the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal, parahippocampal, and retrosplenial cortices, but not in the caudal entorhinal cortex. These findings suggest that different regions of the medial temporal lobe memory system may require different types of interaction with the hippocampus in support of memory. The caudal perirhinal cortex, the parahippocampal cortex, and the retrosplenial cortex may contribute to spatial learning in the absence of functional hippocampal circuits, whereas the caudal entorhinal cortex may require hippocampal output to support spatial learning.
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12
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Kinnavane L, Amin E, Olarte-Sánchez CM, Aggleton JP. Medial temporal pathways for contextual learning: Network c- fos mapping in rats with or without perirhinal cortex lesions. Brain Neurosci Adv 2017; 1:2398212817694167. [PMID: 28685167 PMCID: PMC5496664 DOI: 10.1177/2398212817694167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rat brain, context information is thought to engage network interactions between the postrhinal cortex, medial entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus. In contrast, object information is thought to be more reliant on perirhinal cortex and lateral entorhinal cortex interactions with the hippocampus. METHOD The 'context network' was explored by mapping expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos, after exposure to a new spatial environment. RESULTS Structural equation modelling of Fos counts produced networks of good fit that closely matched prior predictions based on anatomically-grounded functional models. These same models did not, however, fit the Fos data from home-cage controls nor did they fit the corresponding data from a previous study exploring object recognition. These additional analyses highlight the specificity of the context network. The home-cage controls, meanwhile, showed raised levels of inter-area Fos correlations between the many sites examined, i.e., their changes in Fos levels lacked anatomical specificity. Two additional groups of rats received perirhinal cortex lesions. While the loss of perirhinal cortex reduced lateral entorhinal c-fos activity, it did not affect mean levels of hippocampal c-fos expression. Similarly, overall c-fos expression in the prelimbic cortex, retrosplenial cortex and nucleus reuniens of the thalamus appeared unaffected by the perirhinal cortex lesions. CONCLUSION The perirhinal cortex lesions disrupted network interactions involving the medial entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, highlighting ways in which perirhinal cortex might affect specific aspects of context learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Amin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Barker GRI, Banks PJ, Scott H, Ralph GS, Mitrophanous KA, Wong LF, Bashir ZI, Uney JB, Warburton EC. Separate elements of episodic memory subserved by distinct hippocampal–prefrontal connections. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:242-250. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kinnavane L, Amin E, Olarte-Sánchez CM, Aggleton JP. Detecting and discriminating novel objects: The impact of perirhinal cortex disconnection on hippocampal activity patterns. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1393-1413. [PMID: 27398938 PMCID: PMC5082501 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perirhinal cortex provides object‐based information and novelty/familiarity information for the hippocampus. The necessity of these inputs was tested by comparing hippocampal c‐fos expression in rats with or without perirhinal lesions. These rats either discriminated novel from familiar objects (Novel‐Familiar) or explored pairs of novel objects (Novel‐Novel). Despite impairing Novel‐Familiar discriminations, the perirhinal lesions did not affect novelty detection, as measured by overall object exploration levels (Novel‐Novel condition). The perirhinal lesions also largely spared a characteristic network of linked c‐fos expression associated with novel stimuli (entorhinal cortex→CA3→distal CA1→proximal subiculum). The findings show: I) that perirhinal lesions preserve behavioral sensitivity to novelty, whilst still impairing the spontaneous ability to discriminate novel from familiar objects, II) that the distinctive patterns of hippocampal c‐fos activity promoted by novel stimuli do not require perirhinal inputs, III) that entorhinal Fos counts (layers II and III) increase for novelty discriminations, IV) that hippocampal c‐fos networks reflect proximal‐distal connectivity differences, and V) that discriminating novelty creates different pathway interactions from merely detecting novelty, pointing to top‐down effects that help guide object selection. © 2016 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kinnavane
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Eman Amin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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15
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Olarte-Sánchez CM, Amin E, Warburton EC, Aggleton JP. Perirhinal cortex lesions impair tests of object recognition memory but spare novelty detection. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:3117-27. [PMID: 26474445 PMCID: PMC4737320 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined why perirhinal cortex lesions in rats impair the spontaneous ability to select novel objects in preference to familiar objects, when both classes of object are presented simultaneously. The study began by repeating this standard finding, using a test of delayed object recognition memory. As expected, the perirhinal cortex lesions reduced the difference in exploration times for novel vs. familiar stimuli. In contrast, the same rats with perirhinal cortex lesions appeared to perform normally when the preferential exploration of novel vs. familiar objects was tested sequentially, i.e. when each trial consisted of only novel or only familiar objects. In addition, there was no indication that the perirhinal cortex lesions reduced total levels of object exploration for novel objects, as would be predicted if the lesions caused novel stimuli to appear familiar. Together, the results show that, in the absence of perirhinal cortex tissue, rats still receive signals of object novelty, although they may fail to link that information to the appropriate object. Consequently, these rats are impaired in discriminating the source of object novelty signals, leading to deficits on simultaneous choice tests of recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M Olarte-Sánchez
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK
| | - Eman Amin
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - E Clea Warburton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
| | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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Kinnavane L, Albasser MM, Aggleton JP. Advances in the behavioural testing and network imaging of rodent recognition memory. Behav Brain Res 2015; 285:67-78. [PMID: 25106740 PMCID: PMC4383364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research into object recognition memory has been galvanised by the introduction of spontaneous preference tests for rodents. The standard task, however, contains a number of inherent shortcomings that reduce its power. Particular issues include the problem that individual trials are time consuming, so limiting the total number of trials in any condition. In addition, the spontaneous nature of the behaviour and the variability between test objects add unwanted noise. To combat these issues, the 'bow-tie maze' was introduced. Although still based on the spontaneous preference of novel over familiar stimuli, the ability to give multiple trials within a session without handling the rodents, as well as using the same objects as both novel and familiar samples on different trials, overcomes key limitations in the standard task. Giving multiple trials within a single session also creates new opportunities for functional imaging of object recognition memory. A series of studies are described that examine the expression of the immediate-early gene, c-fos. Object recognition memory is associated with increases in perirhinal cortex and area Te2 c-fos activity. When rats explore novel objects the pathway from the perirhinal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex, and then to the dentate gyrus and CA3, is engaged. In contrast, when familiar objects are explored the pathway from the perirhinal cortex to lateral entorhinal cortex, and then to CA1, takes precedence. The switch to the perforant pathway (novel stimuli) from the temporoammonic pathway (familiar stimuli) may assist the enhanced associative learning promoted by novel stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kinnavane
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Mathieu M Albasser
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Aggleton JP, Christiansen K. The subiculum: the heart of the extended hippocampal system. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 219:65-82. [PMID: 26072234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While descriptions of the subiculum often emphasize its role as a recipient of hippocampal inputs, the area also has particular importance as a source of hippocampal projections. The extrinsic projections from the subiculum not only parallel those from hippocampal fields CA1-4 but also terminate in sites that do not receive direct inputs from the rest of the hippocampus. Both electrophysiological and lesion studies reveal how, despite its very dense CA1 inputs, the subiculum has functional properties seemingly independent from the rest of the hippocampus. In understanding the subiculum, it is necessary to appreciate that its connections are topographically organized along all three planes (longitudinal, transverse, and depth). These topographies may enable the subiculum to separate multiple information types and, hence, support multiple functions. The particular significance of the subiculum for learning and memory is underlined by its importance as a source of hippocampal projections to nuclei in the medial diencephalon, which are themselves vital for human memory and rodent spatial learning. Of particular note are its reciprocal connections with the anterior thalamic nuclei, which are not shared by the rest of the hippocampus (CA1-4). These thalamosubiculum connections may be of especial significance for resolving memory problems that suffer high interference and require the flexible use of stimulus representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Moving beyond standard procedures to assess spontaneous recognition memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 53:37-51. [PMID: 25842032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review will consider how spontaneous tasks have been applied alongside neuroscientific techniques to test complex forms of recognition memory for objects and their environmental features, e.g. the spatial location of an object or the context in which it is presented. We discuss studies that investigate the roles of the perirhinal cortex and the hippocampus in recognition memory using standard testing paradigms, and consider how these findings contribute to the ongoing debate about whether recognition memory is a single unitary process or multiple processes that can be dissociated anatomically and functionally. Due to the wide use of spontaneous tasks, the need for improved procedures that reduce animal use is acknowledged, with multiple trial paradigms discussed as a novel way of reducing variability and animal numbers in these tasks. The importance of improving translation of animal models to humans is highlighted, with emphasis on a shift away from relying on the phenomenological experience of human subjects.
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